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Предмет: ЈАКОСТ НА МАТЕРИЈАЛИТЕ

МОМЕНТИ НА ИНЕРЦИЈА
Геометриски карактеристики на напречниот пресек
1. Тежиште на пресекот
3 3

∑ Ai ⋅ xi
1
∑A ⋅y
1
i i
xc = 3
yc = 3

∑ Ai
1
∑A
1
i

A1 = 2d ⋅ 5d = 10d 2
C1 (1d ; 2.5d )

r 2 ⋅ π ( 2d ) 2 ⋅ π
A2 = = = 3.14d 2
4 4
4r 4 ⋅ 2d
x 2 = 2d − = 2d − = 1.151d
3π 3π
4r 4 ⋅ 2d
y 2 = 5d − = 5d − = 4.151d
3π 3π
C 2 (1.151d ; 4.151d )

4d ⋅ 3d
A3 = = 6d 2
2
4d
x3 = 2 d + = 3.333d
3
3d
y3 = =d
3
C 3 (3.333d ; d )
∑A i = A1 − A2 + A3 = 10d 2 − 3.14d 2 + 6d 2 =12.86d 2
3

∑A ⋅x
1
i i
A1 ⋅ x1 − A2 ⋅ x 2 + A3 ⋅ x3 10d 2 ⋅ 1d − 3.14d 2 ⋅ 1.151d + 6d 2 ⋅ 3.333d
xc = 3
= = = 2.052d
A1 − A2 + A3 10d 2 − 3.14d 2 + 6d 2
∑A
1
i

∑A ⋅y
1
i i
A1 ⋅ y1 − A2 ⋅ y 2 + A3 ⋅ y 3 10d 2 ⋅ 2.5d − 3.14d 2 ⋅ 4.151d + 6d 2 ⋅ d
yc = 3
= = = 1.397d
A1 − A2 + A3 10d 2 − 3.14d 2 + 6d 2
∑A
1
i

C (2.052d ;1.397 d )

доц. д-р Тодорка Самарџиоска

 2. Централни моменти на инерција
2.1 Аксијални моменти на инерција
Jxc = Jx1 − Jx2 + Jx3
Jx1 = Jx10 + A1 ⋅ e12
e1 = y1 − y c = 2.5d − 1.397d = 1.103d
3
2d ⋅ (5d ) 2
Jx1 = + 10d 2 ⋅ (1.103d ) = 20.833d 4 + 12.166d 4 = 33d 4
12

Jx 2 = Jx 20 + A2 ⋅ e 22
e 2 = y 2 − y c = 4.151d − 1.397 d = 2.754d
4 2
Jx 2 = 0.055(2d ) + 3.14d 2 ⋅ (2.754d ) = 0.88d 4 + 23.815d 4 = 24.695d 4

Jx3 = Jx30 + A3 ⋅ e32

e3 = y 3 − y c = d − 1.397d = −0.397 d
3
4d ⋅ (3d ) 2
Jx3 = + 6d 2 ⋅ (− 0.397d ) = 3d 4 + 0.946d 4 = 3.946d 4
36

Jxc = 33d 4 − 24.695d 4 + 3.946d 4 = 12.251d 4

Jy c = Jy1 − Jy 2 + Jy 3
Jy1 = Jy10 + A1 ⋅ f 12
f 1 = x1 − xc = 1d − 2.052d = −1.052d
3
5d ⋅ (2d ) 2
Jy1 = + 10d 2 ⋅ (− 1.052d ) = 3.333d 4 + 11.067d 4 = 14.4d 4
12

Jy 2 = Jy 20 + A2 ⋅ f 22
f 2 = x 2 − xc = 1.151d − 2.052d = −0.901d
4 2
Jy 2 = 0.055(2d ) + 3.14d 2 ⋅ (− 0.901) = 0.88d 4 + 2.549d 4 = 3.43d 4

Jy 3 = Jy30 + A3 ⋅ f 32
f 3 = x3 − xc = 3.333d − 2.052d = 1.281d
3
3d ⋅ (4d ) 2
Jy 3 = + 6d 2 ⋅ (1.281d ) = 5.333d 4 + 9.846d 4 = 15.179d 4
36

Jy c = 14.4d 4 − 3.43d 4 + 15.179d 4 = 26.15d 4

Jy c > Jxc ⇒ ϕ →η

доц. д-р Тодорка Самарџиоска

 2.2 Центрифугални моменти на инерција

Jxc y c = Jx1 y1 − Jx2 y 2 + Jx3 y 3

Jx1 y1 = Jx10 y10 + A1 ⋅ e1 ⋅ f1 =

= 0 + 10d 2 ⋅ 1.103d ⋅ (−1.052d ) = −11.604d 4
Jx 2 y 2 = Jx20 y 20 + A2 ⋅ e2 ⋅ f 2 =
4
= −0.0165(2d ) + 3.14d 2 ⋅ 2.754d ⋅ (−0.901d ) = −8.055d 4
Jx3 y3 = Jx30 y 30 + A3 ⋅ e3 ⋅ f 3 =

=−
(4d )2 ⋅ (3d )2
+ 6d 2 ⋅ (−0.397 d ) ⋅ 1.281d = −5.051d 4
72
Jxc y c = −11.604d 4 + 8.055d 4 − 5.051d 4
Jxc y c = −8.6d 4

2.3 Главни централни оски на инерција

2 ⋅ Jxc y c 2 ⋅ (−8.6d 4 )
tg 2ϕ = − =− = −1.2375
Jxc − Jy c 12.251d 4 − 26.15d 4
2ϕ = −51.059°
⇒ ϕ = −25.529°

2.4 Главни централни моменти на инерција

Jxc + Jy c 1
J 1, 2 = ± (Jxc − Jy c )2 + 4(Jxc y c )2
2 2
12.251d + 26.15d 4 1
4
J 1, 2 =
2
±
2
( 12.251d 4 − 26.15d 4 )
2
(
+ 4 ⋅ − 8.6d 4 )
2

1
J 1, 2 = 19.2d 4 ± 489.022d 8
2
J 1, 2 = 19.2d 4 ± 11.057d 4

J 1 = 30.257d 4
J 2 = 8.143d 4

2.5 Елипса на инерција

радиуси на елипсата:

J1 30.257d 4
i1 = = = 1.534d
A 12.86d 2
J2 8.134d 4
i2 = = = 0.796d
A 12.86d 2

доц. д-р Тодорка Самарџиоска