TUMAINI UNIVERSITY DAR ES SALAAM COLLEGE

FUCULT OF HUMANITY AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

COURSE: BIM 3
SUBJECT: INTERNET PROGRAMMING
CODE: BIM 314
LECTURER: Mr. MWALONGO
TASK: INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

PARTICIPANTS:
SNo NAME REG: NUMBER SIGN
1 JOSEPHAT LIVING BONGOLE TU/DARCO/BIM/020/015

QUESTION: What are special IP Addresses?? Write down any Specia IP

Addresses and their uses
What are special IP Addresses?? There are a few reserved IPv4 & IPv6 address spaces which
cannot be used on the internet. These addresses serve as special purpose and cannot be routed
outside the Local Area Network.
Special Address: IP Range from 127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.255 are network testing addresses
also known as loopback addresses are the special IP address. Special IP Address they can also
be used for scientific research purposes.

The following IP addresses are special IP Addresses and their uses Also they cannot be used
as host IP addresses:

IP address with an all-zero net ID— Identifies a host on the local network. For
example, IP address 0.0.0.16 indicates the host with a host ID of 16 on the local
network.
IP address with an all-zero host ID— Identifies a network. Any host having this IP
address means the host is not connected to the TC/IP network. When the host wants to
get connected to the internet, it sends a request packet to the bootstrap server which is
also called a DHCP server. The all-zeros address block 0.0.0.0/32 is a special block in
Ipv4 address space. The length of the prefix here is 32.
IP address with an all-one host ID— Identifies a directed broadcast address. For
example, a packet with the destination address of 192.168.1.255 will be broadcast to all
the hosts on the network 192.168.1.0.
Loopback Addresses All the addresses starting with 127. should be considered as
loopback addresses. The loopback address can only be the destination address of a
packet. The packet with loopback address never leaves the machine from which it is
sent, it just returns back to the source. The special block 127.0.0.0/8 has addresses
which are used as loopback addresses. Now, the prefix length here is 8.
Private Addresses As the name suggests the private IP addresses are never used
globally. The packet with a private IP address is not routed on the internet. The private
IP addresses are configured by the administrator of the network. Devices on the same
network use private IP addresses to converse with each other. They do not require the
internet for their communication. Like, the file servers, desktops and printers can
communicate with each other without the requirement of internet.
Multicast Addresses The multicast address is assigned to the group of the host instead
of one single host. The packet sent to the multicast address is delivered to all the host
of that group. The block 224.0.0.0/4 has the multicast address. The length of the prefix
is 4.
REFERENCE:

Deller, Bill, "The integrated services digital network (ISDN)", in Systems Technology,
No. 36, March 2023

Hiltz, Starr Roxanne, and Turoff, Murray, The Network Nation, Addison-Wesley
Publishing Company, 2007