A LEVEL CHEMISTRY A

[Cu(H2O)6]2+ Cu(OH)2(s) [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ CuCl42– Cu+ Cu2+ / Cu

from CuSO4 .5H2O(s) NH3 dropwise to Cu 2+(aq) excess NH3 to Cu 2+(aq) excess HCl to Cu 2+(aq) reduction of Cu2+ with I– Disproportionation of Cu+
pale blue pale blue precipitate dark blue yellow white precpitate (CuI) brown solid (Cu) and
and brown I2 blue solution (CuSO4)

CoCl42– [Cr(H2O)6]3+ Cr(OH)3(s) [Cr(NH3)6]3+ [Cr(OH)6]3– Cr2O72–

from CoCl2.6H2O(s) plus from KCr(SO4 )2.12H2O(s) NH3 dropwise to Cr 3+(aq) excess NH3 to Cr 2+(aq) excess OH– to Cr(OH)3(s) from K2Cr2O7(s) in
water and excess HCl pale purple dark green precipitate purple dark green 0.1mol dm-3 H2SO4
blue (heat green) orange
Due to impurities, it is
common for Cr(III) to
appear green in solution

CrO42– [Mn(H2O)6]2+ Mn(OH)2(s) [Fe(H2O)6]2+ Fe(OH)2(s) [Fe(H2O)6]3+

oxidation of Cr 3+ with from MnSO4 .4H2O(s) NaOH dropwise to Mn2+(aq) from FeSO4 .7H2O(s) NaOH dropwise to Fe 2+(aq) from FeCl3.6H2O(s)
hot alkaline H2O2 pale pink pale brown precipitate pale green dark green precipitate yellow
yellow

Fe(OH)3(s) MnO4–/Fe2+ Mn2+/Fe3+ I–/Fe3+ I2/Fe2+

NaOH dropwise to Fe3+(aq) purple (MnO4–) to pale pink (Mn2+) orange brown (Fe3+) to brown (I2)
orange-brown precipitate (in titrations, so dilute that it is
practically colourless)

© OCR 2020 Colours of inorganic ions and complexes