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Yaoundé 2017 - Beam Bridge - Mix Structures PDF
Yaoundé 2017 - Beam Bridge - Mix Structures PDF
Reference Eurocode 4
Totale effective width: beff EN 1994-2:2005 (E)
beff,1 beff,1
beff,0 beff,2 beff,2
the middle point between the axis of closer beam
Figure 5.1: Equivalent spans, for effective width of concrete flange
bei = Le/8 ≤ bi
5.4.2 Linear elastic analysis
Le is the distance between zero point for the bending moment, so for single span beam
5.4.2.1 General
it is the same of the span length
(1) Allowance should be made for the effects of cracking of concrete, creep and shrinkage of
concrete, sequence of construction and pre-stressing.
at end support: beff=b0 + 𝚺𝛽i*bei
5.4.2.2 Creep and shrinkage
where: 𝛽i=(0,55+0,025Le/bei) ≤ 1 and Le=0,85 L
(1)P Appropriate allowance shall be made for the effects of creep and shrinkage of concrete.
Creep and shrinkage: nL n0 1 \ L M t
where:
n0 is the modular ratio Ea / Ecm for short-term loading;
Ecm is the secant modulus of elasticity of the concrete for short-term loading
n 0 is the modular ratio E / E for
𝜑t is the creep coefficient 𝜑(t,t0), depending a
on the age (t) of concrete at the momentcm
E
considered and the age (t0 ) at loading; is the secant modulus of elast
cm
𝜓L is the creep multiplier depending on the type of loading, which be taken as 1.1 for
EN 1992-1-1: 2004, Table 3.1 o
permanent loads, 0.55 for primary and secondary effects of shrinkage and 1.5 for pre-
Mt is the creep coefficient M(t,t0) a
stressing by imposed deformations.
First analysis considering the concrete fully working with a section stiffness EJ , this
1
permanent
the un-cracked analysis, then in the zones loads,
where the traction stress is0.55 fortheprim
over twice
medium tension strength f you have to
ctm stressing by imposed
remove the concrete, deformati
considering only the
reinforcing bar inside, calculating a new section stiffness EJ2, repeating the analysis
with these new values; this is cracked and final analysis.
(3) For permanent loads on composite s
used for the determination of the creep
stressing by imposed deformations, if the
6.6.3stud
Headed Headed stud connectors in solid slabs and concrete encasement
connectors
6.6.3.1 Design resistance
The design shear resistance of a headed stud automatically welded should be
(1) The design shear resistance of a headed stud automatically welded in accordance with EN 14555
should be determined from: determined from:
0 .8 f u S d 2 / 4
PRd (6.18)
JV
or:
0.29 D d 2 f ck Ecm
PRd (6.19)
JV
whichever is smaller, with:
§ hsc ·
D 0.2 ¨ 1¸ for 3 d hsc / d d 4 (6.20)
© d ¹
D 1 for hsc / d > 4 (6.21)
where:
JV is the partial factor;
Bridge Wilde Gera
Bridge Albrechtsgraben
9
piche sezioni trasversali
Different examples of composite sections
12.00 16.75
Triel‐sur‐Seine, Yvelines (78), Île‐de‐France (Francia)
Triel-sur-Seine, Yvelines (78), Île-de-France (Francia)
coordinate anno
48° 58' 4.00" N Ponte con due travi a doppio T Lunghezza totale=635 m 2003
2° 0' 4.00" E Campate 73 m ‐ 105 m ‐ 3 x 124 m ‐ 85 m
Larghezza 22.92 m 24
coordinate anno
51° 16′ 39,3″ N Ponte con tre travi a doppio T Lunghezza totale=330 m 2008
7° 15′ 35,2″ O
25
sezione
Langenfelder Bridge (Germania)
Chelles, Seine‐et‐Marne (77), Île‐de‐France (Francia)
Chelles, Seine-et-Marne (77), Île-de-France
coordinate anno
48.8811 2.5929 Ponte con quattro travi a doppio T Lunghezza totale=104 m Campate 43 m ‐ 61 m 2008
Larghezza 16.90 m
27
Four beam with section double “T” (or “I” it is the same)
Total length 104m
Spans 43m - 61m
Total wideness 16,90m
Hafenbahn Bridge, Duisburg, North Rhine‐Westphalia (Germania)
Hafenbahn Bridge, Duisburg, North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany)
anno
Ponte con molte travi a doppio T Lunghezza totale=303 m 2003
Campate 28.50 m ‐ 5 x 49.18 m ‐ 28.50 m
Larghezza 36.08 m 28
Esempio di impalcato con sezioni scatolari chiuse
Bridge Schleusetal, Schleusingen (Germania)
Bridge Schleusetal, Schleusingen (Germany)
anno
Ponte con travi scatolari chiuse Lunghezza totale=688 m 2007
32
Bridge Schleusetal (Germania) 3
Ponte a Hagen‐Schwerte, North Rhine‐Westphalia (Germania)
Ponte a Hagen-Schwerte, North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany)
coordinate anno
51° 24' 51.00" N Ponte con travi scatolari aperte Lunghezza totale=240 m. 2009
7° 30' 22.00" E Campate 72.00 m ‐ 96.00 m ‐ 72.00 m
34
vista laterale
Pontea Hagen‐Schwerte, North Rhine‐Westphalia (Germania) 35
con travi scatolari aperte
Open box section beam bridges
Esempio di impalcato con sezioni scatolari aperte
Neuötting Bridge, Altötting, Bavaria (Germania)
Neuötting Bridge, Altötting, Bavaria (Germany)
coordinate anno
48° 14' 0" N Ponte con travi scatolari aperte Lunghezza totale=470. 2000
12° 42' 0" E 95.00 m ‐ 154.00 m ‐ 95.00 m ‐ 68.00 m ‐ 58.00 m
38
sezione sezione
trasversale trasversale
in mezzeria all’appoggio
Neuötting Bridge, Altötting, Bavaria (Germania) 39
Wilde Gera Viaduct, Ilmenau, Ilm‐Kreis, Thuringia (Germania)
Wilde Gera Viaduct, Ilmenau, Ilm-Kreis, Thuringia (Germany)
coordinate anno
50.714987 N Ponte con trave scatolare aperta Lunghezza totale=552 m. 2000
10.787056 E Campate 30 m ‐ 36 m ‐ 10 x 42 m ‐ 36 m ‐ 30 m
41
elemento longitudinale
elemento trasversale
Wilde Gera Viaduct, Ilmenau, Ilm‐Kreis, Thuringia (Germania) 42
Ponte di Oehde, Wuppertal, North Rhine‐Westphalia (Germania)
Ponte di Oehde, Wuppertal, North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany)
coordinate anno
51.2574566667 Ponte con trave scatolare aperta Lunghezza totale=418.3 m. 2002
7.2320933333 Campate 4,0 ‐ 64,0 ‐ 2 x 72,8 ‐ 64,0 ‐ 56,0 ‐ 44,7 m
45
Esempio di impalcato con sezioni scatolari aperte multicellulari
47
orthotropic plate deck beam bridge
Torsion in the box sections with thin walls
O
De Saint Venant :
Mz 4GA2
kt = =
!′ ds
∫" b