WipFrag 3

Operating Manual
With Online System User Interface

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Disclaimer
WipWare image analysis software is the end product of more than ten years of research and has been
developed and tested in a broad range of applications. Every effort is made to supply a reliable product
backed by prompt and efficient customer support. WipWare Inc. makes no representations or
warranties with respect to the contents of this document or the performance or results of this software,
and specifically disclaims any implied warranties, of any kind, oral or written. In the event any
warranties are deemed to apply, the sole remedy for breach of such warranty and the sole obligation of
WipWare Inc. is the repair or replacement of the document and/or software, at the discretion of
WipWare Inc.

Copyright
WipFrag©, BlastCast©, Delta© (Solo, Reflex, Momentum, Vertex) are all the property of WipWare Inc®.

WipWare Customer Support

Questions concerning WipWare sales, user training, and other specific applications should contact their
closest representative. For a list of representatives in your area please visit www.wipware.com/contact-
us or contact us directly at:

WipWare Customer Support

685 Bloem Street
North Bay, Ontario
Canada P1B 4Z5
Phone: (705) 472-2664 (Monday to Friday 09:00-17:00 Eastern Time)
Fax: (705) 472-2645
Email: sales@wipware.com

WipWare Technical Support

We welcome your feedback and suggestions for improving and extending WipWare product capabilities.
You may find many resources and frequently asked questions on our website at
www.wipware.com/faqspage or contact us directly at:

WipWare Technical Support

685 Bloem Street
North Bay, Ontario
Canada P1B 4Z5
Phone: (705) 472-2664 (Monday to Friday 09:00-17:00 Eastern Time)
Fax: (705) 472-2645
Email: support@wipware.com

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Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 7
1.1 Fragmentation Measurement ............................................................................................................. 7
1.2 The WipFrag Method .......................................................................................................................... 7
2.0 Analyses Page.......................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Add New Item ..................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1.1 Snap Image from Camera............................................................................................................. 8
2.1.2 Open Existing Image..................................................................................................................... 8
2.1.3 Open UAV Image .......................................................................................................................... 8
2.1.4 Open Demo Image ....................................................................................................................... 8
2.1.5 Download MailFrag Studies ......................................................................................................... 8
2.1.6 Create Project .............................................................................................................................. 8
2.2 GIS ....................................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 UAV Analysis List .......................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.2 Map View Options........................................................................................................................ 9
2.2.3 Heat Map ................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.4 Creating a UAV Analysis ............................................................................................................. 10
2.3 Connect to System ............................................................................................................................ 10
2.4 About WipFrag .................................................................................................................................. 11
2.4.1 Registration ................................................................................................................................ 11
2.4.2 Release Notes............................................................................................................................. 11
2.4.3 Contact Us .................................................................................................................................. 11
2.4.4 Resource Library ........................................................................................................................ 11
2.5 Analysis Cards ................................................................................................................................... 11
2.6 Projects ............................................................................................................................................. 12
2.7 Selecting Multiple ............................................................................................................................. 12
2.7.1 Share Selected............................................................................................................................ 12
2.7.2 Delete Selected .......................................................................................................................... 12
3.0 Opened Analysis Page ........................................................................................................................... 12
3.1 Rename Analysis ............................................................................................................................... 12
3.2 Image Info ......................................................................................................................................... 12
3.3 Scale .................................................................................................................................................. 13
3.3.1 Drawing the Scale Reference Line.............................................................................................. 13

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 3.4 Edge Detection Parameters (EDP) .................................................................................................... 14
3.4.1 The EDP Strategy ........................................................................................................................ 14
3.4.2 Best Fit ....................................................................................................................................... 15
3.5 Edit Tools ........................................................................................................................................... 15
3.5.1 Edit Assist ................................................................................................................................... 16
3.5.2 Hidden Gestures......................................................................................................................... 17
3.6 Color ID ............................................................................................................................................. 17
3.7 Create Chart ...................................................................................................................................... 17
4.0 Chart Page ............................................................................................................................................. 18
4.1 Chart Titles ........................................................................................................................................ 18
4.2 Chart Data Box .................................................................................................................................. 18
4.3 Chart Statistics .................................................................................................................................. 18
4.4 Chart Graph Area .............................................................................................................................. 19
4.5 Chart Size Classes .............................................................................................................................. 19
4.6 BlastCast............................................................................................................................................ 20
4.6.1 General BlastCast Usage ............................................................................................................ 20
4.7 Share Chart Data ............................................................................................................................... 21
4.8 Calibration ......................................................................................................................................... 21
5.0 Auto Scale (iOS Only) ............................................................................................................................ 22
6.0 Connect to System Page ....................................................................................................................... 22
6.1 Add System ....................................................................................................................................... 23
6.2 Connecting to a System .................................................................................................................... 23
7.0 Delta System Page................................................................................................................................. 23
7.1 Delta Image View .............................................................................................................................. 23
7.2 Delta Chart View ............................................................................................................................... 24
7.3 Delta Time Graph View ..................................................................................................................... 24
7.3.1 Time Graph Settings ................................................................................................................... 24
7.3.2 Time Graph Time Selection ........................................................................................................ 25
7.4 Night Mode ....................................................................................................................................... 25
7.5 System Settings ................................................................................................................................. 25
8.0 System Synchronization Settings Page ................................................................................................. 26
8.1 General Use ....................................................................................................................................... 26
8.1.1 Locked Items .............................................................................................................................. 26

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 8.1.2 Pending Changes ........................................................................................................................ 26
8.2 System Settings ................................................................................................................................. 27
8.2.1 System ........................................................................................................................................ 27
8.2.2 Security ...................................................................................................................................... 27
8.2.3 Network ..................................................................................................................................... 27
8.2.4 Email........................................................................................................................................... 28
8.2.5 Modbus ...................................................................................................................................... 28
8.3 Camera Settings ................................................................................................................................ 29
8.3.1 Camera Name ............................................................................................................................ 29
8.3.2 Camera ....................................................................................................................................... 29
8.3.3 Conditional Trigger..................................................................................................................... 29
8.3.4 Sensor......................................................................................................................................... 30
8.3.5 Scale ........................................................................................................................................... 30
8.3.6 Sizes............................................................................................................................................ 31
8.4 Material Profile Settings ................................................................................................................... 31
8.4.1 Profile Name .............................................................................................................................. 31
8.4.2 Active Profile .............................................................................................................................. 31
8.4.3 EDP ............................................................................................................................................. 31
8.4.4 Calibration .................................................................................................................................. 31
8.4.5 Data Box ..................................................................................................................................... 31
8.4.6 Filter ........................................................................................................................................... 32
8.4.7 Color ID....................................................................................................................................... 32
9.0 Vertex-S Controls .................................................................................................................................. 33
9.1 Conditional Trigger............................................................................................................................ 33
9.2 Vertex-S Chart ................................................................................................................................... 33
10.0 Vertex-C Controls ................................................................................................................................ 34
10.1 Conditional Trigger.......................................................................................................................... 34
10.2 Vertex-C Chart ................................................................................................................................. 34
Appendix 1: Rock Pile Sampling and Photography ..................................................................................... 35
1.0 Rock Pile Sampling ............................................................................................................................ 35
1.1 Lighting and Photography ................................................................................................................. 36
1.2 FAQs .................................................................................................................................................. 37
Appendix 2: WipFrag “Fines” Strategies ..................................................................................................... 38

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 2.0 Engineering Solution ......................................................................................................................... 38
2.1 Empirically Calibrated Solution (Long term studies) ......................................................................... 38
2.2 Zoom-Merge Solution ....................................................................................................................... 38
Appendix 3: Calibration Samples and Techniques ...................................................................................... 39
Appendix 4: WipFrag Licenses .................................................................................................................... 40
4.0 WipFrag 3 for Windows .................................................................................................................... 40
4.1 WipFrag 3 for iOS .............................................................................................................................. 40
4.2 Lost or Damaged Security Keys ......................................................................................................... 40
Appendix 5: Modbus Register / OPC Tag List.............................................................................................. 41

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1.0 Introduction

1.1 Fragmentation Measurement

Blast fragmentation measurement is a recent addition to an extensive family of granulometry
applications. Photo analysis is now a quick, easy and cost-effective way to measure particles of nearly
any size. The lower costs and overall improvements in notebooks and digital cameras can allow anyone,
anywhere to analyze images in only a few seconds. From dust to boulders, and everything in between,
photoanalysis can be used for granulometry applications.

For decades, small particles could only be measured in the laboratory by sieving, centrifugation,
sedimentation, or optical microscopy. It is now possible to analyze practically anything using
photoanalysis software, assuming you can take a picture of it, provide a scale and delineate the particle
with the naked eye; the software will be able to analyze the particles in question.

Medium sized particles have been mainly measured through a time consuming and disruptive method;
sieving. Photo analysis on the other hand can be performed in only a few seconds; without disruption to
the process.

Only digital optical (photoanalysis) methods are of any practical value when the fragments are much
larger, as in blasting. Sieving of a muck pile is an impossible task but can quickly be quantified using
photoanalysis systems.

1.2 The WipFrag Method

WipFrag starts with an image of broken rock or any unconsolidated material and converts it into a "net"
of fragments. Then it measures the net and displays and plots a selection of fragmentation statistics and
graphs. WipFrag allows you to compare the resulting net against the rock image and to correct
inaccuracies by manual editing with the mouse or stylus.

Image acquisition is a very important aspect of photoanalysis. Images must be clear, evenly lit and must
be acquired systematically in order to minimize editing and to optimize results. Simply put, good images
yield good results. See our Sampling and Analysis Guide on our website.

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2.0 Analyses Page
The Analyses Page is the first page you are presented with after opening WipFrag. From here you can
create new analyses or open existing ones.

2.1 Add New Item

Selecting this icon will present you with the following options.

2.1.1 Snap Image from Camera

Will open a camera view (only available on iOS). See section 5.0 Auto Scale (iOS Only).

2.1.2 Open Existing Image

Will prompt you to select an image from your photo library (iOS) or drive (Windows).

2.1.3 Open UAV Image

Will prompt you to select a drone/UAV image that will displayed on the map. See
section 2.2.4 Creating a UAV Analysis.

2.1.4 Open Demo Image

Will prompt to you open a preselected demo image (6 options).

2.1.5 Download MailFrag Studies

Will display list of completed MailFrag studies for currently linked WipWare Account.

2.1.6 Create Project

Will create a new empty project for merging analyses.

Note: A WipFrag license is required in order to snap an image or open a non-demo image. If you
do not have a WipFrag license you will see a red shopping cart icon over the blocked functions.

Windows License iOS License

If you have purchased a Software License, enter your product Tap the red button to purchase a WipFrag License from
key here. the App Store. Tap ‘Restore Previous Purchase’ if you
already purchased a license on your current Apple ID.

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 2.2 GIS
Opens map to view GIS information for analyses with location information.

2.2.1 UAV Analysis List

View all UAV analyses, change their z-order and toggle visibility.

• Tap an analysis item to view it on the map.

o Analyses higher in the list are drawn over
top analyses lower in the list.
• With an analysis selected:
o will move it up in the list.
o will move it down in the list.
o will toggle its visibility.

Note: Non-UAV analyses containing location data will display as a pin icon and only show up in the
analysis list described below.

2.2.2 Map View Options

The buttons in the top-left corner of the map allow you to toggle the grid size, the data that is displayed
as a heat map and filter analyses by date.

• Tap the top-left button to cycle through grid sizes:

o 10m, 20m and 40m.
• Tap the top-right button to cycle through data type that will displayed as a
heat-map for the visible analyses containing location and WipFrag data:
o Xc, D80, D95, Rock Factor (Roc), Sphericity (Sph), Color ID 1 (CID1),
Color ID 2 (CID2), n.
o Tap and hold to expand and quick select a specific item.
• Tap the bottom-left button to display the analyses currently visible in the view.
o Tap ( ) to only show the analyses within the specified date.

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2.2.3 Heat Map
The heat map is calculated using all analyses currently in the view. The data from a UAV analysis will be
split into sections based on the selected grid size. Data from non-UAV analyses will simply be added to
the grid they are within.

The color of each grid indicates good areas (cold colors) vs bad
areas (hot colors).

• Hot Colors – Indicates areas with the largest size (Xc,

D80, D95), rock factor (Roc), amount of material based
on color (CID1, CID2); or smallest sphericity (Sph) or
uniformity (n).
• Cold Colors – Indicates areas with the smallest size,
rock factor, color ID; or largest sphericity or uniformity.

2.2.4 Creating a UAV Analysis

There are two main methods of opening a drone image that will then be drawn on the map with
heatmap information:

1. Use WipFrag for Windows to open a GeoTIFF image created by DroneDeploy or Pix4D.
a. GeoTIFF images have their location, scale and rotation information embedded in them.
b. Currently only WipFrag for Windows can read in this information.
2. Open any image with embedded location information and manually provide the scale and
rotation.
a. Once a valid image is selected, you will be presented with the image on
the map.
i. In most cases the location will already be correct based on the
center of the image.
b. Use the controls in the top-right to position, rotate and scale the image
until it is correctly positioned on the map.
c. Select Done in the top-right to complete the wizard and create the
analysis.

2.3 Connect to System

Displays list of WipWare Automated Systems on the network. See section 6.0 Connect to
System Page.

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 2.4 About WipFrag
Selecting this icon will present you with the following options.

2.4.1 Registration
Allows you to change the registered name/company and interface language.

• WipWare Account – Link WipFrag with your

WipWare Account.
o WipWare systems that are added to your
WipWare Account will automatically be
pinned inside WipFrag.
o Completed MailFrag studies can be
downloaded directly into WipFrag.
• Create Account – Go to the WipWare
website and create a WipWare Account.
• WipWare Developer (iOS Only) – Displays
toggle control to enable animated touches.

2.4.2 Release Notes

Displays the version update history.

2.4.3 Contact Us
Allows you to submit feedback or report a bug.

2.4.4 Resource Library

Displays a list of Tutorial Videos and available PDF Manuals.

2.5 Analysis Cards

Each analysis is represented by an analysis card. Each analysis card
displays the analysis:

1. Name
2. Tags indiciating presence of BlastCast or GPS data
3. Image thumbnail

Note: A red circle with a number indicates the analysis

requires additional steps before a chart can be created.

• Tapping on an analysis card will open it.

• Touch and hold on an analysis card to pick it up and move it into or out of a project.

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2.6 Projects
Projects are indicated by blue text and can contain any number of analyses.

• Tap on the -/+ sign to collapse/expand the

project, hiding or showing its analysis cards.
• Tap on the project name to open the merge
results of its contained analyses.
• Touch and hold on the project name to
rename the project.

2.7 Selecting Multiple

Tapping Select in the top-left of the page will allow you to then tap on multiple analysis cards or projects
(but not both). Selecting one or more analysis/project will make the following icons visible.

2.7.1 Share Selected

Tapping this will allow you to email the selected analyses.
• On iOS you will also have the option of sending to iCloud Drive, AirDrop, etc…

2.7.2 Delete Selected

Tapping this will prompt you to permanently delete the selected analyses or projects.
• Deleting a project will delete all the contained analyses as well.

3.0 Opened Analysis Page

Creating a new analysis or tapping on an existing one will open the image for editing. You can move
around the image with the following gestures:

• iOS
o Pinch your fingers to zoom the image.
o Two-finger pan to move around a zoomed in image.
• Windows
o Mouse wheel to zoom the image.
o Click and hold the mouse wheel to move around a zoomed in image.

3.1 Rename Analysis

Tap and hold on the page title (analysis name) to rename the analysis file.

3.2 Image Info

Displays image info such as GPS position, camera information, edit time, image histogram.

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 3.3 Scale
Allows you to specify the scale reference in the image.

• Dual - Toggle this on if there are two scale references

in the image in order to correct for tilt.
• Ignore - Toggle this on to attempt to automatically
ignore the scale reference from being analyzed.
o This greatly depends on the quality of net that
is generated later.
• Scale Length - The length of the scale reference in
real-world units.
• Units - The real-world units of the scale length.
• Scale Factor - The scale factor of the image in pixels
per selected unit.
o This is automatically calculated and is typically
not manually entered.

3.3.1 Drawing the Scale Reference Line

1. In the image, tap/click and hold on one end of the scale reference.
a. On iOS, a magnifying glass will appear and a progress bar will fill. Do not move your
finger until the progress bar is full.
2. Without lifting your finger, move to the other end of the scale reference and release.
3. If using dual scale, repeat steps 1 and 2 for the second scale reference.
a. Drawing more than 2 lines will remove the oldest drawn line.

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 3.4 Edge Detection Parameters (EDP)
Allows you to specify the parameters used to automatically delineate particles in the image.

• Advanced – Toggle this on to display the advanced

controls.
• Particles Slider – Slide this to the right to increase the
number of particles detected, and to the left to
decrease the number of particles detected.

• Threshold - The difference in intensity (gray tone level)

range between a pixel and its window average.
Increasing results in fewer blocks.
• Valley Threshold - Specifies a minimum level of gray
tone slope to trigger. Increasing gives fewer blocks.
• Blur - Strength of the Gaussian smoothing convolution.
Increasing gives fewer blocks.
• Search Dark - Attempts to extend the length of a net line by following the path of pixels with the
darkest grey tone level. Terminates when connecting to a net line or when the length reaches
the specified number of pixels.
• Search Radius – Attempts to extend the length of a net line in a forward direction up to the
specified number of pixels. A line is only drawn if it connects to another net line.
• Window Size - Specifies the threshold window size as a percentage of the image width.
Increasing will improve the delineation of the larger particles in the image. This value should
typically be set to match the size of the largest particle in the image (ie, if the largest particle
occupies 15% of the image width then the Window Size should be set to 15%). It is
recommended that you do not set this value any higher than 20%.

3.4.1 The EDP Strategy

The first time the EDP popup is displayed a net will be automatically generated. If the edge detection
works well for the sample, use this setting. If the edge detection fuses or disintegrates too many
particles:

1. Move the slider and WipFrag will re-generate the net.

a. If significant fusion errors occur (multiple particles are seen as a single particle), move
the slider to the right.
b. If significant disintegration errors occur (single particle is disintegrated into multiple
particles), move the slider to the left.
2. Take note of the relative change to the delineation of particles and continue to adjust until a
suitable net has been generated.
3. If you are still having difficulties acquiring a suitable EDP, you can try switching to Advanced
Mode. However, typically if you cannot find a net using the slider than your photography could
use improvement.

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 3.4.2 Best Fit
Best Fit can be used to find the best set of EDPs for an image or set of similar images.
• ie, same material, lighting, zoom, sample strategy.

The process of using Best Fit is as follows:

1. Generate the best possible net using the EDP slider as a starting point.
a. You can also manually delineate all particles for minimum bias towards an auto net.
2. Spend a significant amount of time editing the net to make it as ideal as possible.
3. Select Best Fit from the advanced section.
4. Select a Best Fit mode:
a. Quick – Can take several minutes.
b. Standard – Can take up to an hour. More thorough than Quick.
c. Thorough – Can take several hours. More thorough than Standard.
5. Once started, a progress bar will display the current best match percentage, iterations
remaining and time remaining.
6. Once completed the final match percentage will be displayed along with the advanced EDP
values. The net will also be automatically generated using these values.
a. At any point you may Stop the process and the current best match will be displayed.
b. As long as no changes to the net are made, you may resume a stopped process by
following steps 3-4, making sure to select the same mode (noted by a ).

When a Best Fit net has been generated a new icon will appear in the top-left of the image view.

• Indicates that the calculated Best Fit net is currently displayed.

• Indicates that the manually edited net is currently displayed
o Changes to this net will remove the ability to resume a stopped Best Fit process.
o Changes to this net will not be reflected in the results.
o Tap and hold to display option to remove the manually edited net from analysis ( ).

3.5 Edit Tools

Enables editing of the net using the selected tool.

Free Draw
Touch and drag to add net freely.

Draw Line
Touch and drag to add a straight line from the starting point to where you release.

Block Delete
Touch and drag to remove net within the drawn rectangle upon release.

Lasso Delete
Touch and drag to remove net within the free drawn polygon upon release.

Lasso Delete & Outline

Touch and drag to add net as drawn as well as delete all net within the drawn polygon.

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 Ignore Block
Touch a delineated particle to mark it to be ignored from the result.

Mark as Fines
Touch a delineated particle to mark the area as fines.
• The size of marked fines will be the size of 1 pixel based on the scale factor.

Area of Interest
Enables editing of the area of interest.
• Tap to add points and create an area within the image that contains analyzable material.
Two points create a rectangle. Three or more create a polygon.
• Areas marked in red will not have net generated and delineated blocks in the area will
be excluded from the results.

Undo
Undo the last action of one of the above edit tools.
• When editing the Area of Interest, the last point will be removed.

3.5.1 Edit Assist

Enables largest particles to always be highlighted.
• Visible in top-left of image view after a net has been generated.

Edit assist has three modes. Tapping will toggle through the following modes in order:

1. Disabled – The button will be translucent.

2. Highlight Largest by Count – Highlights the top x largest particles.
a. Tap and hold to expand the button and display a slider to adjust the number of particles.
3. Highlight Largest by Size – Highlights all particles that are larger than x units.
a. Tap and hold to expand the button and display controls to enter a target size.

Note: Making changes to the net while edit assist is active will cause this icon to appear. Tapping
the edit assist button will perform a recalculation for an accurate representation.

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3.5.2 Hidden Gestures
Below are the hidden gestures that can be used to help edit.

• Block Leak Test – Fills the block under the touch point and displays the size. Can move
around without lifting once mode is enabled.
o iOS: Tap and hold without moving until the progress bar fills.
o Windows: Right click and hold.
• Block Colors – Fills all the blocks in the entire image with hot/cold colors based on the size.
The hotter the color the larger the particle, true red being the largest particle.
o iOS: Double tap and hold until the colors appear. Slide finger up/down to change
opacity of colors.
o Windows: Double right-click and hold until the colors appear. Move cursor up/down
to change opacity of colors.

3.6 Color ID
Allows definition of up to 2 color IDs to identify particles based on color.

To configure a Color ID for the first time:

1. Tap the Set button to begin definition.

2. Use the Wand (+) tool to add colors to the
lookup table.
a. As you tap/click and drag the areas of
the image containing the selected
colors will begin to highlight.
3. When satisfied click Done.

When a Color ID is already defined, new functionality

will appear.

Clear Definition
Will clear the color definitions for this ID.

Configure Definition
Will display controls to add/remove colors to the lookup table for this ID.

Note: Color ID information is only available on the chart (see next section).

3.7 Create Chart

Measures blocks and displays fragmentation data chart.
• A scale must be set and net must be generated.

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4.0 Chart Page
There are 4 areas of the chart that can be configured by tapping and holding on the area.

1. Titles – Can define 2 title lines.

2. Data Box – Can select up to 6 items.
3. Graph – Can toggle visibility of items.
4. Sizes – Can define up to 25 size classes.

4.1 Chart Titles

Simply enter up to 2 lines of text to be the chart
title. Default title is the name of the analysis or
project.

4.2 Chart Data Box

Items in the left list are visible on the chart. Items in the right list are all available options.

• Add Item - Select item in the list on the right and it

will automatically move to the left.
• Remove Item - Select item in the list on the left and
hit Remove .
• Move Item Up – Select item in the list on the left and
hit Up .
• Move Item Down – Select item in the list on the left
and hit Down .
• Move Item to Top – Select item in the list on the left
and hit Top .

4.3 Chart Statistics

• Particles – The number of particles measured.

• DXX – Percentile sizes. XX percent of total material is smaller than returned size.
• Sphericity – The average sphericity, or length to width ratio, of total material.
• Coverage – The percent of image area used in analysis.
• X50 – The Swebrec X50 value. This value is the same as D50.
• Xmax – The Swebrec Xmax value. This value is also the largest particle measured.
• b – The Swebrec curve undulation.
• Xc – The Rosin-Rammler characteristic size. This value is the same as D63.2.
• n – The Rosin-Rammler uniformity coefficient. Larger values equate to more uniform material.

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4.4 Chart Graph Area
Below items are only visible if the option is toggled on.

• Curve – The blue curve.

• Histogram – The red bar graph.
• Specification – The yellow envelope.
• Sphericity – The lines with circles in line with histogram.
• Text Box – The entire data box on the left.
• Scale – The scale line in the detailed report (PDF output).
• Net – The net layer in the detailed report (PDF output).
• Block Colors – The block color layer in the detailed
report (PDF output).

4.5 Chart Size Classes

Each analysis file can contain its own set of size classes. There are also 4 global profiles that can be
defined for quick access as well as 4 preset lists of sizes.

• Tap the profile name at the top to display a list of profiles:

o Analysis – Sizes currently saved to the analysis file.
o Profile 1-4 – Sizes that can be quickly accessed from
any analysis.
o ISO (mm) – Preset list of sizes in millimeters.
o Standard (in) – Preset list of sizes in inches.
o Logarithmic (mm) – Preset log sizes.
o UAV (mm) – Preset sizes for drone/UAV images.
• Tap the unit heading in the first column to change units.
• Tap a cell in the first column to edit or enter a size.
• Tap a cell in the second or third column to specify a
min/max percent passing value that the associated size class
must fall between.
o Specifying values for more than one size class will
create a yellow specification envelope on the chart.
• Tap and drag to select multiple cells which can then be deleted ( ) or copied ( ).
• Tap paste ( ) to add the last selection of cells that were copied into the current list.
o The list will automatically be sorted from largest to smallest.
• (iOS) Tap and drag in the white space to the right of the size class table to scroll.
o (Windows) Use the mouse wheel to scroll.

Note: You cannot make changes to the bottom 4 preset profiles. To make changes to these lists you
must first select and copy all of the sizes, switch to the analysis profile or profiles 1-4 and then paste.

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 4.6 BlastCast
Tap to enter BlastCast, a tool used for blast prediction.

• Share – Help us improve this blast model by sharing

your blast information. No personally identifiable
information will be collected.
• Metric – Toggle this on for metric units and off for
imperial.
• Bench Height – The bench or face height.
• Burden – Distance between bore hole and the face.
• Spacing – Distance between rows of bore holes.
• Diameter – Diameter of bore holes.
• Rock Factor – Hardest factor to determine; includes
many parameters tied together including modules of
elasticity and in-situ joint planes.
o Enable Auto Rock Factor to automatically pick
the best value that lines up the prediction curve
with the WipFrag curve at X50.
• Drill Accuracy – Often a function of drilling equipment;
accounts for twists, turns and deflections. Usually a
relatively low number and constant.
• Relative Weight Strength – Indicates how powerful an
explosive relative to standard ANFO, which has a
Relative Weight Strength of 100. Obtain specification
from explosive manufacturer.
• Density – Obtain specification (g/cc) from explosive
manufacturer’s Blasters’ Tables/Guides.
• KCO Blast Model – Opens the KCO Blast Model PDF
detailing how the model was created and functions.

4.6.1 General BlastCast Usage

Blast Cast works in conjunction with WipFrag data to help you forecast and move your fragmentation in
the desired direction.

You start by entering the parameters of a particular blast. BlastCast will predict the resulting
fragmentation in a particle size distribution graph. Use the ‘Auto Rock Factor’ function to align the
prediction with the WipFrag data.

Now that you have calibrated the model, you can experiment with other blast parameter sliders to see
how changing each parameter might affect fragmentation.

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 4.7 Share Chart Data
Tapping this will allow you to save or send the chart data as PDF, PNG or CSV. You may also save
or send the analysis file from here.

• Select the file types you wish to save and hit OK.
o On iOS you will have the option of sending to
iCloud Drive, AirDrop, etc…
o On Windows you will have the option to save to
a location on your computer or emailing.

Note: The ANA option will not be available for projects containing more than one analysis file.

4.8 Calibration
You can use calibration to adjust the WipFrag curve to match an expected output (sieve results).
• Please see our Calibration Document for detailed information on when to calibrate and the differences
between Rossin-Ramler and Swebrec.

Accurate calibration requires sieve results in order to be performed as well as the WipFrag analysis of
the same material that was sieved.

With the sieve results on hand, do the following:

1. Analyze the material that was sieved using WipFrag.

a. If more than one analysis, simply place them in a project and open the merged result.
2. Enter the calibration page.
3. Using the sieve results, enter the sieve sizes
in the first column.
4. Enter the sieve results for each size in the
second column.
a. If you are entering values by weight,
make sure Weight / % is selected as
the column 2 header.
b. If you are entering values by cumulative percent passing, make sure Cumulative % is
selected as the column 2 header.
5. WipFrag will calculate which calibration model provides the best match and display the
recommended one in green.
6. Tap the calibration model you wish to use to select it.
7. Tap to return to the chart and view the calibrated data.

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 5.0 Auto Scale (iOS Only)
Take a photo of material without the need for a physical scale reference.
o The camera within WipFrag can be used with a physical scale as well.

1. To enable auto scale click on the icon in the bottom-left corner.

2. Tap and drag the icon to set the height of the device’s camera when held at a comfortable position.
3. Tap and drag the baseline bar to the bottom of the device screen.
4. Position the baseline bar at the base of the
material (holding the device at the measured
height in step 2).
a. You must be on the same level as the
material.
5. Take a picture by tapping the icon.

6.0 Connect to System Page

This page displays a list of all WipWare Automated Systems on the network.

You can see the following information about each system, from left to right:

1. Whether the system is pinned or unpinned .

a. Pinned system will always show up regardless of whether they are visible on the
network or not.
2. The name of the system on the network.
3. Under the name are tags that display additional information about the system, such as:
a. The system type (Momentum, Solo, Reflex, Vertex).
b. If the system is not activated.
c. If an update is available or required.
4. The IP Address of the system and the TCP port that interface communication uses.
5. The current version of Delta running on the system.
6. Whether the system is running and analyzing , waiting for trigger or stopped .
7. Whether the system has internet visibility or not .

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 6.1 Add System
Allows you to add a system by IP Address and TCP Port if it is not auto discovered.

6.2 Connecting to a System

1. Simply tap on a system to connect to it.

a. If an update is available or required you will be asked if you wish to apply the update.
2. You will be prompted to enter a password.
a. The default password is (case sensitive):
Frag365
b. If the system is pinned you will be able to have
WipFrag remember the password.

7.0 Delta System Page

View the data coming from the system and each of its cameras.

There are three main views on this page:

1. The latest image for the currently selected camera.

2. The latest chart data for the currently selected camera.
3. Time graph of all historical data from the system.

7.1 Delta Image View

This is the latest image that was analyzed for the selected camera.

• If connected to a Momentum system with multiple cameras, you can toggle the currently visible
camera by tapping on the numbered camera icon ( ) in the top left of this view.
• The scale line at the bottom of the image displays the real-world length equal to 2/3rd of the
image width.
• Double tap the image to view it in full screen.
o When in full screen, you can click the button to create and open the image as a
WipFrag analysis file.

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7.2 Delta Chart View
This is the chart data for the latest data point for the selected camera.

• Double tap the chart to view it in full screen.

o When in full screen, you can click the button to save the chart as PDF or PNG.

7.3 Delta Time Graph View

This is all historical data for the system. Data from multiple cameras can be displayed on the same
graph.

• Hit the tab above the time graph to show the status of each camera over the course of
the selected time range.
o Each status is color coded as follows:
▪ Untriggered (grey) – No material is present to analyze.
▪ Triggered (green) – Successfully analyzing material.
▪ Mean Filter (red) – Triggered but rejecting images due to brightness.
▪ Block Filter (magenta) – Triggered but rejecting analysis due to block count.
▪ Coverage Filter (orange) – Triggered but rejecting analysis due to coverage.
• Double tap the time graph to view it in full screen.
o When in full screen, you can tap and hold on the graph to view the time graph settings.

7.3.1 Time Graph Settings

You can have up to 12 items graphed at a time. Each slot has its own color.

• Tap on Day (the box above the first column) to change

the time base. Options are Day, Week, Month, Year.
• Tap on an item in the list on the right to automatically
move it to the left (if a slot is available).
o You can filter the available items by text using
the text box above the list on the right.
• Tap an item in the list of the left to select it.
• With a graphed item selected:
o Tap to move it to the top of the list.
o Tap to move it up one slot.
o Tap to move it down one slot.
o Tap to remove it from being graphed.

Note: Color order is locked and moving items in the list is how to change their colors.

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7.3.2 Time Graph Time Selection
Select a time range to view the averaged result in the chart view.

1. When the time graph is not full screen, tap and drag to make a selection.
2. Tap on the yellow area to manually enter a start and end time.
3. Tap outside of the yellow area to clear the selection.
a. If you do not clear the selection the chart view will remain as the merged result and will
no longer update as data is pulled from the system.

7.4 Night Mode

Toggles night mode on and off. When enabled the background color is changed from white to
near-black.

7.5 System Settings

Displays page to make changes to system or camera settings and synchronize them to the
system. See section 8.0 System Synchronization Settings Page.

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8.0 System Synchronization Settings Page
Changes to system, camera and profile settings can be made on this page. No changes are applied until
synchronized with the system. This page is broken down into three main sections, each with its own sub
sections:

1. System Settings
2. Camera Settings (up to 6)
3. Material Profile Settings (up to 4 per camera)

8.1 General Use

8.1.1 Locked Items
Each item can be locked to prevent changes unless the system’s pin is known.

• An item is locked if is visible.

• To toggle the locked state of an item:
1. Tap on the item to open the settings page.
2. Tap on the / icon in the top right.
▪ means it is currently locked and the items will be
disabled for editing.
▪ means the items are currently unlocked.
3. Enter the pin code. Default is ‘0000’ (four zeros).

8.1.2 Pending Changes

Changes to any number of settings can be made at once. However, the changes do not take effect on
the system immediately and must be first synchronized.

• An item is pending synchronization when is visible.

o Tap and hold (right-click) on to discard changes for that item.
• Tap the synchronize all icon to synchronize all pending changes to the system.
o A number indicating how many items are pending synchronization will be visible .

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8.2 System Settings
These settings are global changes to the system and are not camera specific.

8.2.1 System

• Camera List - Momentum systems only.

o Tap the icon to add a camera.
o Tap and hold (right-click) on an existing
camera to show the icon. Tap the
icon to remove the camera.
o Tap on the camera serial number to view an
image from the camera.
o Image – Displays image from selected camera.
o Address – Allows ability to specify camera IP Address.
o Misc – Allow ability to specify this camera as a Reflex type camera.
• Units – Vertex-S systems only. Specify either millimeters or inches.

• Save Images – Enable saving of images for 30 days.

• Set Date/Time – Apply the selected time zone and
local WipFrag time to the system.

8.2.2 Security
• Read Password – Password required to connect to
the system.
• Write Pin – The 4-digit pin code required to make
changes to locked settings.
• User/Company – The registered name and company
that shows up on all chart outputs.
• System Type – Select system type (Momentum,
Reflex, Solo, Vertex-S, Vertex-C).
• Customer Key – Unique system ID required for activation.
• Activation Key – Activation key for the system required to run.
▪ All systems shipped from WipWare will be pre-activated.
▪ If this is blank for a system you purchased, send WipWare the Customer Key requesting activation.

8.2.3 Network
• Computer Name – Name of computer on network.
• IP Address – Network address of the adapter.
• Subnet Mask – Subnet mask of the adapter.
• Default Gateway – Gateway of the adapter.
• Primary DNS – DNS of the adapter.
Note: LAN 2 is only available on Momentum systems.

• NTP Server – IP Address of a time server on the same network as the system.

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8.2.4 Email
• Logfile Recipients – List of email addresses that will
receive the daily email containing the logfile for
each camera.
o Multiple email addresses must be separated
by a comma ( , ).
• Send Test Email – The system will attempt to send a
test email to the addresses in the lists above.
o Changes to email addresses or SMPT
options must be synchronized before
sending a testing email.
• SMTP (Optional) – SMTP server used to send emails.
o Server – Name or IP Address of server.
o Port – TCP port of server.
o Username – Username for authentication.
o Password – Password for authentication.
o Sender – The email address the email report will appear to come from.
o # Retries – How many attempts to send the email in case of failure. Can be useful on
systems with spotty internet.

8.2.5 Modbus
Items on the left are available via Modbus TCP (up to 64). Items on the right are all possible
values. All registers are floating point type (4 bytes).

• Tap an item on the left to selected it.

• With an item selected:
o Tap to move it to the top-most register.
o Tap to move it up one register.
o Tap to move it down one register.
o Tap to remove it.
• Tap an item on the right to automatically add it to
the list on the left.
• Slave ID – The slave ID for communication.
• TCP Port – The TCP port for communication.
• Hold Last Value – When toggled on, values will hold their last value. When toggled off,
value will drop to zero when data is discarded (due to filters) or the camera untriggers.

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8.3 Camera Settings
These settings are camera specific.

8.3.1 Camera Name

Simply tap and hold (right-click) on Camera X to rename the camera.

8.3.2 Camera
This item is always locked and requires taking the system offline to view the live image view.
Changes are automatically synchronized to the system and take effect immediately.

• Shutter Speed – The camera shutter in milliseconds.

• Auto Shutter Speed – Toggle on to let the camera
automatically select optimal shutter speed.
o A minimum and maximum allowable range can be
specified. Unfortunately, these values do not translate
directly into milliseconds and must be set by trial and error.
• Gain – The camera gain in decibels.
• Auto Gain – Toggle on to let the camera automatically
select optimal gain.
o A minimum and maximum allowable range can be specified.
Unfortunately, these values do not translate directly into decibels and
must be set by trial and error.
• Tap to fit the image in the view.
• Tap to set the image to actual size.
• Tap to save the image as a WipFrag Analysis without leaving this view.
• Area of Interest – Displays area of interest and enables ability to create/edit.
o Tap to add points and create an area within the image that contains analyzable material. Two points
create a rectangle. Three or more create a polygon.
o Areas marked in red will not have net generated.
o Tap to remove the last point that was added.

8.3.3 Conditional Trigger

This view will allow definition of up to 4 conditional trigger statements. Each trigger slot has an
equivalent Modbus register and OPC tag that will be either a 1 if the statement is true, or 0 if the
statement is false.

• Create Trigger – Displays controls to

create a condition for the associated slot.
• - This slot also controls a GPIO pin.
• - An email alert is sent when this slot
condition changes from false to true.
• - Delete the condition from this slot.

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 8.3.4 Sensor
This view will display a live image as well as live distance reading. Use this view to set the trigger
distance such that the system will only be triggered when material is present.

• Reference Distance – The known distance to

target when untriggered (ie, empty conveyor belt).
o The trigger ranges above will be converted to
distances from the reference distance.
• Calibrate – Will set the reference distance to the
current distance reading and automatically set the
trigger ranges.
• The current distance reading is visible in the green
colored tag . This will be converted to a reference distance if one is set.
o The current distance reading from the laser is also visible below the system diagram
and will never be converted to a reference distance.
• Tap and drag on both black colored tags to set the trigger ranges.
o The camera is only considered triggered (material present) when the current
distance reading is between these 2 values.
o The current distance tag will be green when triggered and red when not triggered.
• Volumetric Settings – Conveyor systems only.
o Material Speed – The speed of the belt in seconds.
o Specific Gravity – The specific gravity of the material to calculate weight.
o Volume Adjust – An adjust factor for the volumetric reading.
• Rolling Average – Amount of rolling average to apply to all data. Conveyor systems only.
• Snap Flags – Sets how many images are taken per cycle (up to 3). Reflex cameras only.
o indicates an image will be taken and analyzed.
o indicates an image will be taken but not analyzed.
o indicates an image will not be taken.
• Interval – The time in seconds between each snap flag image.

8.3.5 Scale
Use a snapped image from the camera to set the scale.

• Scale Length - The length of the scale reference in real-

world units.
• Units - The real-world units of the scale length.
• Scale Factor - The scale factor of the image in pixels per
selected unit.

Note: See 3.3.1 Drawing the Scale Reference Line for more info.

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 8.3.6 Sizes
Set the size classes (up to 25) and the material specification envelopes for each profile.

• Tap the header of the first column to set the units.

o Selecting ISO (mm), Standard (in) or Log (mm)
will also automatically enter preselected size
classes.
• Tap a cell in the first column to begin entering a size.
• Tap a cell in columns 2, 4, 6, 8 to begin entering a lower
material specification in percent passing.
• Tap a cell in columns 3, 5, 7, 9 to begin entering an
upper material specification in percent passing.
• Tap and drag to select multiple cells.
o Tap to clear the selected cells.

8.4 Material Profile Settings

These settings are profile specific. Up to 4 profiles can be defined for each camera.

8.4.1 Profile Name

Tap and hold (right-click) on Material Profile X to rename the profile.

8.4.2 Active Profile

Tap a profile number to set is as the active profile.

8.4.3 EDP
Set the parameters used to automatically delineate particles in the image. See section 3.4 Edge
Detection Parameters (EDP).

8.4.4 Calibration
Set the calibration adjust factors. See section 4.8 Calibration.

8.4.5 Data Box

Set items that are visible on the chart. See section 4.2 Chart Data Box.

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 8.4.6 Filter
Set ranges to only save data when certain image requirements are met.

• Mean – The image brightness must be between the two

values otherwise the image is not analyzed.
o Used to filter out image that are too dark or too
bright.
• Block Count – The analysis block count must be
between the two values otherwise the data is discarded.
o Used to filter out analyses with too few or too
many blocks.
• Coverage – The analysis coverage value must be
between the two values otherwise the data is discarded.
o Used to filter out analyses that don’t use enough of the image area.

8.4.7 Color ID
Allows deletion and renaming of Color ID. Must snap a picture to an analysis file to adjust the
color lookup table. See section 3.6 Color ID.

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9.0 Vertex-S Controls
Vertex-S is a special system type for crusher gap control that only reports the maximum particle size. As
a result, some controls are different or disabled altogether.

9.1 Conditional Trigger

When the system type is set to Vertex-S the Conditional Trigger options are limited to one slot and the
target item and condition cannot be changed.

9.2 Vertex-S Chart

The typical WipFrag chart is replaced with a chart that looks like a speedometer that displays the
average maximum particle size.

• Max – The size in the center of the speedometer

pointer is the current max size.
o The background color turns red when the max
size is over the conditional trigger value.
o The background color will flash red when the
alarm is triggered.
• Limit – The value at the top center is always equal to
the specified conditional trigger value.
o The red zone on the right side of the
speedometer indicates values over the Limit
will trigger the alarm if over for the specified
amount of time.
• Alarm – When the max average is over the Limit a timer will begin counting down from the
specified conditional trigger time. When the timer reaches 0 the alarm will trigger and the
background of the center value will begin to flash.
o If the max average goes under the Limit, or is over the Limit and the system untriggers;
the timer will reset over time (count up) until it is fully reset.

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10.0 Vertex-C Controls
Vertex-C is a special system type for sorting that only reports the amount of colored material in the
image. As a result, some controls are different or disabled altogether.

10.1 Conditional Trigger

When the system type is set to Vertex-C the Conditional Trigger options are limited to two slots and the
target item and condition cannot be changed.

10.2 Vertex-C Chart

The typical WipFrag chart is replaced with a chart that looks like a speedometer that displays the
average maximum particle size.

• Color 1– Represented by the red section

of the pie chart.
• Color 1 Limit – Represented by the thick
red line in the pie chart. Is equal to the
conditional trigger value of slot 1.
• Color 2– Represented by the green
section of the pie chart.
• Color 2 Limit – Represented by the thick
green line in the pie chart. Is equal to
the conditional trigger value of slot 2.
• Alarm – When a color value is over its Limit a timer will begin counting down from the specified
conditional trigger time. When the timer reaches 0 the alarm will trigger and the value and
name will begin to flash.
o If the color value goes under the Limit, or is over the Limit and the system untriggers;
the timer will reset over time (count up) until it is fully reset.

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Appendix 1: Rock Pile Sampling and Photography

1.0 Rock Pile Sampling

The better the images, the better the results. Develop a sampling strategy: taking images is like taking
samples for sieving or other tests. The results must statistically represent the product as a whole. You
can only measure what you can see; so reliable results call for some basic precautions in selecting
suitable viewpoints, and in photography.

The 2 most important questions to ask yourself while obtaining your images are simply 1) can I delineate
all of the particles within these images and 2) when done, will I have gathered an adequate statistical
representation of the material in question?

To adequately compensate for rock pile segregation and heterogeneity, each image must contain a
sufficient number of fragments, and the results from dozens of images per blast must be merged and
averaged. Accurate estimation of larger blocks, in particular, requires merged data because of the
scarcity of such blocks. High-fidelity and high-speed automatic edge detection is essential - methods that
rely on tracing or manual editing are incapable of processing sufficient data and so are prone to large
sampling errors.

In Short: Superior Images = Superior Results!

• Fill the field of view with fragmented rock, preferably at least 400 particles.
• Still images greatly improve when a tripod is used. Hand-held shots are seldom sharp,
particularly telephoto shots where the slightest movement causes image blur.
• Include all sizes. No single block should occupy more than 20% of the width of image. For
improved resolution of fines, use WipFrag's zoom-merge capability to combine images at
different scales of magnification.
• Take several shots, preferably at least five at random locations on a large rockpile, or of several
truckloads or draw points. For improved estimates of oversize, increase the number of full-scale
shots to at least ten.
• Beware of rockpile segregation. Large blocks tend to roll to the outer edges and fines may cover
the surface or become hidden as a result of gravity or rainfall. The effects can be minimized by
increasing the number of images per sample but only with careful selection of image locations.
• 1280x960 is recommended for digital pictures to find an EDP easily. Good clarity and contrast is
better than size (although, any size picture can be used).
• Wide angle lenses have edge distortion. Try to avoid them.
• Digital Zooming results in interpolated pixels and should not be used.
• You should try to use a suitable size scale for each picture. Avoid using balls as they are
dimensionally unstable (i.e. air-filled balls expand/contract, softballs are two small, etc. Range
rods, yard/meter sticks, hula-hoops work well.)
• Don’t waste an image. Get images of the particles in question, not the sky and area around it.
• WipFrag measures what it can see. If your pictures are far away, fines will not be resolved. If the
image is taken too close, oversize may be missed. Get a good mix of images of the sample in
question.

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1.1 Lighting and Photography
You can only measure what you can see; so reliable results call for some basic precautions in selecting
suitable viewpoints and lighting.

• Develop a sampling strategy. Taking images is like taking samples for sieving or other tests. The
results must statistically represent the product as a whole.
• Take several shots, preferably at least five at random locations on a large rock pile, or of several
truckloads or draw points. WipFrag allows the results for several images to be merged and
averaged as a single data sample.
• Beware of rock pile segregation. Large blocks tend to roll to the outer edges and fines may cover
the surface or become hidden as a result of gravity or rainfall. The effects can be minimized by
increasing the number of images per sample but only with careful selection of image locations.
For example, take slices through the pile, or photograph the rock during loading or in trucks.
However, segregation usually increases with digging and other forms of materials handling.
• Provide uniform indirect or diffuse lighting without excessive sharp or one-sided shadows and
"hot spots". WipFrag works best when each fragment is equally bright and surrounded by a thin,
uniform shadow.
• Position the scale near the edge of the image so as not to obscure the rock you are trying to
measure.
• Avoid wide-angle close-up photography and oblique shots that distort the scale. If the rock pile
surface is oblique to the camera, place identical scaling objects at the nearest and furthest
points that can be averaged or used in auto-tilt correction.
• For underground photography, choose area illumination with several medium-power lamps in
preference to direct flash or spotlight. The use of tri-pods and time lapse photography is usually
mandatory for underground (low light) images.
• For outdoor work, choose dull days in preference to bright sunlight.
• Maintain cameras and lamps in good working condition. Clean lenses using compressed air to
avoid scratching.

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1.2 FAQs

Are larger images better than smaller ones?

Large and small images each have their pros and cons.

• Fines can be delineated easier with larger images and tend to get fused together with smaller
images.
• Oversize is usually analyzed properly with smaller images but tends to get slightly disintegrated
in larger images.

WipWare always recommends taking the original images at a high resolution. It is always possible to
downsize the image without distortion, but nearly impossible to make an image larger while keeping
clarity and definition. As a rule of thumb, if you cannot delineate the particle with your eye, the software
will be unable to as well.

What should I use as a proper scale?

WipWare recommends using any solid scaling device with a contrasting color to the material which can
be laid down flat onto the material in question. Range rods, yard/meter sticks and customized frames
can all be used. WipWare discourages the use of balls as they can expand and contract with changes in
temperature and altitude. Be sure to have the scaling device perpendicular to the camera.

Where should I place the scaling devices?

Scaling device(s) should be placed in an easy to see location. Depending on the size of the pile of
particles being analyzed, one or two scaling devices will be needed. Larger samples and images where
you cannot be perpendicular to the pile will require two scales. Two scales will allow the software to
correct for tilt in the image. Scales must be separated vertically within the image and are usually placed
at the foot of the pile and half way up.

How many images should I take of the material?

The number of images needed to properly analyze muck piles or other sample is dependent on a
number of things and changes from condition to condition. The two questions to ask yourself while
obtaining your images are simply 1) can I delineate all of the particles within these images and 2) when
done, will I have gathered an adequate statistical representation of the material in question?

In order to finish the study, some information should be recorded while acquiring images. This
information is needed for the actual results, and for the analysis:

• Title of Project
• Date of Project
• Size of the scaling device(s) in each image (most important).

For multiple samples, keep track of the images you have taken so you know which analysis to merge
together.

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Appendix 2: WipFrag “Fines” Strategies
WipFrag uses geometric probability theory to unfold a 3-D distribution. This accounts for partially
overlapped fragments, as well as missing fines to some extent. However, since the number of fines in a
distribution, which are too small to be identified on the image, are highly variable, impossible to
measure, and difficult to predict, one of the following solutions is suggested:

2.0 Engineering Solution

The engineering solution provides a quick answer with a minimal amount of effort. This involves taking
one or more images and simply analyzing them.

This solution works well for comparative purposes and for narrow (poorly graded) distributions. For
wide distributions (well graded) it must be recognized that the missing fines will result in a
measurement bias toward the larger sizes.

2.1 Empirically Calibrated Solution (Long term studies)

Like the engineering solution, the empirically calibrated solution provides a quick answer while doing
production measurement. Again, this involves taking one or more images and analyzing them using the
empirically derived Rosin-Rammler (R-R) or Swebrec correction.

The appropriate calibration factor, (factors determined by laboratory sieving) is selected calculating
various aspects of the R-R or Swebrec curve of the actual distribution. Where appropriate, calibration
factors can be determined by a full-scale sieving trial by the user under the conditions and rock types
appropriate to the measurement. Please contact WipWare Technical Support for more information
regarding calculating calibration factors based on Sieve analysis.

This method is much more accurate than the engineering solution. Analysis is quick and simple, but a
one-time investment must be made for calibration, prior to the start of analysis.

2.2 Zoom-Merge Solution

Unlike the previous two solutions, this solution provides a measurement that is as accurate as possible.

This, quite often the most accurate of solutions requires multiple images to be analyzed, at different
scales of observation. By varying image size, zoom and location it is possible to acquire and analyze
images that represent all particle sizes. Fines can be acquired by simply zooming into an area.

Page 38 of 42
Appendix 3: Calibration Samples and Techniques
WipFrag inherently converts the measurements of 2-D net segment areas into 3-D fragment volumes
and weights using a mathematical unfolding function. This accounts for fragment overlap, shape effects
and missing fines (i.e. particles too small to be seen in a full-scale image) to some extent.

Calibration can be done quite quickly using sieve data (3+ samples) along with the WipFrag analysis of
each of the sieve samples.

To calibrate the WipFrag system, sieving of a muck pile after analyzing with WipFrag results in the best
values. However, because of the effort required, alternatively scaled down laboratory crushed rock
calibration samples with linear R-R size distribution and uniformity coefficients covering the full range
anticipated in the mine can be used. The samples should have similar color, sphericity and general
appearance to the typical rock to be analyzed. Crush sufficient rock, about twice the total quantity
required per sample. Separate into size fractions using a nest of sieves of different mesh sizes. Use an
automatic shaker for ten minutes. Weigh and record the weight fractions to determine the true Xc and n
values. Re-mix the sample, and run analyses about ten times per sample, shaking and re-mixing the
sample between each run. Merge the data and obtain uncorrected Xc and n. Divide true values by raw
values to obtain a new set of correction factors. Repeat for other n values. Compare the results with the
defaults in WipFrag and if required, make changes to the calibration settings.

The R-R empirical correction in WipFrag uses factors Fn and Fxc to rotate and translate a Rosin-Rammler
straight line fitted to the WipFrag data in log-log co-ordinates. The R-R parameters n and Xc for the raw
data are multiplied by Fn and Fxc to obtain the "true" values that would be measured by sieving a muck
pile or a crushed rock calibration standard, or by a zoom-merge procedure. The values of Fn and Fxc will
range between 3.0 for good images with narrow size distributions (well sorted), to as low as 0.5 for
poorer images with wide size distributions (well graded).

The Swebrec empirical correction in WipFrag uses adjustment factors for b, X50 and Xmax to shift and
undulate the raw WipFrag output to obtain the “true” values that would be measured by sieving a muck
pile or a crushed rock calibration standard, or by a zoom-merge procedure.

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Appendix 4: WipFrag Licenses
A WipFrag license is required in order to open your own images for analysis. However, once the
WipFrag analysis file is created a license is no longer required. Therefore, the demo version of WipFrag
can open and edit a pre-existing analysis file that was created with a licensed version of WipFrag.

4.0 WipFrag 3 for Windows

WipFrag 3 for Windows requires the use of a security key and comes as a hardware license (micro USB
key) or a software license (product key).

Hardware License
The hardware license must be attached to the computer when attempting to open a non-demo image.
The software may be copied onto more than one computer, however because of the need for the
physical presence of the key; WipFrag can only be run on one computer at a time.

Software License
The software license can only be installed on one computer. Since this license type cannot be moved to
a different computer it can instead be shared over the network (on the same subnetwork). However,
just like the hardware license version, only one computer at a time can ‘borrow’ the license.

4.1 WipFrag 3 for iOS

WipFrag 3 for iOS is free on the Apple App Store and simply requires an in-app purchase from the App
Store in order to open your own images. All transactions must take place on the Apple App Store and
cannot be provided by WipWare directly.

It is strongly recommended that newly created Apple IDs should wait 24 hours before purchasing
WipFrag 3 from the App Store. Making a large purchase immediately after creating a new account
highly increased the chance that your purchase will be blocked (for your protection) and your account
will become flagged.

Contacting Apple directly is the only way to resolve this issue if it happens. You can find a list of Apple
support phone numbers at https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201232

4.2 Lost or Damaged Security Keys

Lost keys cannot be replaced! Please make sure that you do not lose your security key. WipWare Inc.
recommends that you insure your security key for the full value of the WipFrag software.

Damaged security keys can be returned and replaced at a nominal cost, at the discretion of WipWare
Inc. Keys that have been tampered with will not be replaced.

Computers which hold a software license that are lost, damaged or replaced can have up to 2 additional
product key activations on a different computer, at the discretion of WipWare Inc (for a total of 3
activations).

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Appendix 5: Modbus Register / OPC Tag List
• Items that start with ‘CX_’ indicate camera specific registers that are available for all cameras
(up to 6 on Momentum). Simply replace ‘X’ with the camera number (ie, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6).
• Modbus register numbers vary depending on the order defined in WipFrag.

Read/
Name Description
Write
YEAR r Year of the last data point.
MONTH r Month of the last data point.
DAY r Day of the last data point.
HOUR r Hour of the last data point.
MINUTE r Minute of the last data point.
SECOND r Second of the last data point.
CX_UPTIME r Percent uptime for the day.
CX_ONLINE rw Camera ready to analyze. 1 = yes, 0 = no. Still observes
trigger dist.
0 = untriggered, 1 = triggered, 2 = data, 3 = Failed image
CX_STATUS r mean filter, 4 = failed block count filter, 5 = failed coverage
filter.
CX_MATERIAL_PROFILE rw Current active material profile.
CX_BELT_SPEED rw Current belt speed.
CX_D01 r 1% of material is smaller than this value.
CX_D05 r 5% of material is smaller than this value.
CX_D10 r 10% of material is smaller than this value.
CX_D20 r 20% of material is smaller than this value.
CX_D25 r 25% of material is smaller than this value.
CX_D50 r 50% of material is smaller than this value.
CX_D75 r 75% of material is smaller than this value.
CX_D80 r 80% of material is smaller than this value.
CX_D90 r 90% of material is smaller than this value.
CX_D95 r 95% of material is smaller than this value.
CX_D99 r 99% of material is smaller than this value.
CX_SIZE_CLASS_1 r Cumulative percent passing for size class 1 (smallest).
… … …
CX_SIZE_CLASS_25 r Cumulative percent passing for size class 25 (largest).
CX_IN_SPEC r 0 = under spec, 1 = on spec, 2 = over spec for all.
CX_SPHERICITY_1 r Sphericity for size class 1.
… … …
CX_SPHERICITY_25 r Sphericity for size class 25.
CX_SPHERICITY r Sphericity for all.
CX_COLORID1 r Percent color for all.
CX_COLORID2 r Percent color for all.
CX_N r Rosin-Rammler raw n value (uniformity).
CX_XC r Rosin-Rammler raw Xc value (D63.2).

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CX_B r Swebrec raw b value (curve undulation).
CX_XMAX r Swebrec raw Xmax value (max size).
CX_X50 r Swebrec raw X50 value (D50).
CX_BLOCKS r Number of particles.
CX_COVERAGE r Percent image coverage.
CX_VOLUME r Volume (m^3).
CX_DAILY_VOLUME r Daily Volume (m^3).
CX_VOLUME_RATE r Volume Rate (m^3/hour).
CX_MASS r Mass (metric tons).
CX_DAILY_MASS r Daily Mass (metric tons).
CX_MASS_RATE r Mass Rate (metric tons/hour).
CX_TRIGGER_DISTANCE r Trigger distance.
CX_CONDITIONAL_TRIGGER_1 r Conditional trigger value for slot 1 (0 = false, 1 = true).
…
CX_CONDITIONAL_TRIGGER_4 r Conditional trigger value for slot 4 (0 = false, 1 = true).

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