GE 8 - ETHICS

Dalioan, Emmanuel, L. Module No. 1

BSBA MM - 1B October 2, 2022

Learning Activity 1
“Gear-up” Activity
Recall/review all the rules that you must follow at home, at the church, in the community and
in Pangasinan State University.
Among the rules (i.e., rules at home, in the community, at PSU), which rule do you find
constricting?
The rules that I find constricting at home, in the community, and in the Pangasinan State
University; is telling the truth, especially when under the point of being judged of my actions
towards individuals and the environment. Telling the truth is easy to express if the person is doing
what is good and right; but if that person has guilt within him, He or she is unable to express the
truth and exchange it with falsehood. Moreover, there’s also another rule that is constricting to
follow. A rule that is normalized because of the COVID-19 pandemic; the wearing of face mask
when leaving the household or within crowded places. Several people are genuinely suffering
because of wearing facemasks. They cannot breathe properly because of the situation that they are
in.

What do you think are the reasons behind these rules?

There is only one think I can think of on why these rules are being implemented. The reason
that these rules are mandated is only because of the safety of individuals. Although there are rules
that are constructed only to control persons, things, or the environment for selfish purposes; the
two rules stated above is for people to be made justified by wrong doings, to improve one’s
behavior in an ethical manner, and to prevent harm.

What would your home be without these rules? Your community? PSU?
It would be a place of Chaos and Unfairness. Without these rules, peace is uncertain. The
rights of humanity will be affected because of the freedom to do what is not written in the laws of
human beings. Furthermore, the absence of this rules will result of mischief. For example: when
you don’t wear face mask to a crowded place during a COVID-19 pandemic, there would be a
possibility to spread the virus and harm the people physically. Therefore, to be consistently safe
and avoid chaos and unfairness, rules must be created; to make a balanced society.

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Learning Activity 2
Self-Reflection:
Differentiate between standards and moral standards.
Standards are rules established by the authority that measure the quality, quantity, and
value. It is something that happens naturally, or something that is usual, such as spending time
with your loved ones, always telling the truth, and perform entertaining activities. Standards is our
personal measurement of how we act or behave in different areas of our lives. Moral standards
are based on objectives, unbiased judgements. It is a standard that goes beyond the regards of
individuals. A perspective that each person should be equal, and actions are believed to be morally
acceptable and morally unacceptable.

What features should a moral standard have?

a. Values
- A guide for human behavior that are good and right

b. Norms
- Behavior that are considered normal or natural in a certain society.

c. Beliefs
- A case to case to basis of truth.
- A statement that is acceptable but not yet proven.

d. Virtues
- A trait or quality that signifies decent personality
- The value of being good.

e. Morality
- A set of rules to guide the actions of individuals.
- A set of rules to shape our behavior in numerous social conditions.

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Learning Activity 3
Self-Reflection:
What is the difference between a dilemma and a moral dilemma?
A dilemma is a situation wherein the person is forced to select among two or more
conflicting situation. Any decision being made by the person will have the probability of causing
unwanted results. An example of dilemma is when two of your friends is arguing about a specific
topic wherein both sides have a good point, and you don’t know how to resolve their argument.
Moral dilemma is a condition where persons are forced to choose between two or more
conflicting choices, and neither of the choices resolves the situation in a morally acceptable
manner. An example of moral dilemma is when people are trapped in a place where water is
surging, and there is only one boat with the capacity of 5 people. Those who can’t aboard the boat
will surely drown and die. Who are the people that should aboard, or who will sacrifice their life
for the 5 people that will aboard the boat so they won’t drown and for them to live.

What features should a moral dilemma have?

When a human being is expected to do each of two or more actions. The person can do
each action but cannot do both actions at the same time.

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Written Homework
Moral versus Non-Moral Standards
1. “Not all rules are moral rules or standard”. Give three differences between moral standards
and non-moral standards.

a. Moral standard requires consideration of other’s feelings and opinions that affects their
conditions one way or another. Non-moral standard does not affect individual’s situation.

b. Moral standards are based on unbiased judgements wherein actions are believed to be
morally acceptable and morally unacceptable. Non-moral standards are rules not related
to moral or ethical perception.

c. Moral standards imply the laws that individuals believe they are morally right and wrong
by their deeds. Non-moral standard is not based on the “right and wrong” action. Rather,
it refers to such things as etiquette, fashion, rules in games, and various house rules.

2. Enumerate 5 examples of moral standards and 5 examples of non-moral standards.

Moral Standard: Non-Moral Standard:

1. Honesty 1. Etiquette (“Don’t talk when your mouth is full”)

2. To not Kill 2. Fashion (Barong Tagalog)

3. To not Steal 3. Traditions (Bayanihan)

4. To not Cheat 4. Rules in Games (Coin toss initiates a game)

5. To not Destroy Other’s Properties 5. House Rules (Sleep at 10 in the evening)

3. Recall an experience that you consider as a moral dilemma. Briefly explain why it is a moral
dilemma and not just any other dilemmas.
I have been forced to choose on whether to attend an appointment for my theoretical driving
course on Sunday or to attend the Church on that same day. Either way, choosing one of
the two may have a terrible result. If I do not attend in my driving course appointment, I
won’t be able to take my certificate of theoretical driving course which will be needed to
get my Driver’s license; and it will also result of waste of money. On the other hand, If I
won’t attend Church during that time, I may not fulfill my duties, responsibilities, and
ministries because of my absence. The flow of service will not be in order.

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