248 CHEMISTRY

1. Alum is : 13. Thermite is a mixture of :

(a) FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.24H2O
(a) Cr2 O3 + Al 2O3 (b) Fe 2 O 3 + Al
(b) Na2SO4. Al2(SO4)3.24H2O
(c) KCl.MgCl2.6H2O (c) Fe2 O3 + Al 2 O3 (d) Al2 O3 + 2Cr
(d) NaAlO2
2. In borax bead test which compound is formed? 14. Thermite is a mixture of iron oxide and
(a) Ortho-borate (b) Meta-borate (a) zinc powder (b) potassium metal
(c) Double oxide (d) Tetra-borate (c) sodium shavings (d) aluminium powder
3. Alum helps in purifying water by 15. Inorganic benzene is :
(a) forming Si complex with clay particles
(b) sulphate part which combines with the dirt and removes it (a) B3H 3 N 3 (b) BH 3 NH 3
(c) coagulaing the mud particles
(d) making mud water soluble. (c) B3 H 6 N 3 (d) H 3 B3 N 6
4. Which of the following halides is least stable and has 16. An aqueous solution of potash alum gives :
doubtful existence?
(a) CI4 (b) GeI4 (a) two types of ions (b) only one type of ion
(c) SnI4 (d) PbI4 (c) four types of ions (d) three types of ions
5. Unlike the other elements of its group carbon does not form
17. Ionisation enthalpy (D iH1kJ mol –1) for the elements of
CX2 type molecules because :
(a) energetically this is not possible Group 13 follows the order.
(b) carbon undergoes catenation (a) B > Al > Ga > In > Tl (b) B < Al < Ga < In < Tl
(c) it is non-metallic (c) B < Al > Ga < In > Tl (d) B > Al < Ga > In < Tl
(d) carbon does not contain d-orbital
6. AlI3, when react with CCl4, gives 18. The liquefied metal which expands on solidification is :
(a) AlCl3 (b) CI4 (a) Ga (b) Al
(c) Al4C3 (d) Al2O3 (c ) Zn (d) In
7. Which of the following statements about anhydrous
aluminium chloride is correct? 19. Amphoteric oxide among the following is –
(a) It exists as AlCl3 molecules (a) B2O3 (b) Ga2O3
(b) It is not easily hydrolysed (c) In2O3 (d) Tl2O3
(c) It sublimes at 180ºC 20. Which of the following has the least melting point ?
(d) It is a strong Lewis base
8. Orthoboric acid – (a) B (b) Al
(a) donate proton to form H2BO3– (c) Ga (d) In
(b) accept proton of form H4BO3+ 21. Borax is used as cleansing agent because on dissolving in
(c) donate OH– to form H2BO2+ water it gives
(d) accept OH– to form [B(OH)4]–
(a) Alkaline solution (b) Acidic solution
9. The approximate percentage of silica in cement is:
(a) 5 – 10% (b) 15 – 20% (c) Bleaching solution (d) Colloidal solution
(c) 20 – 25% (d) 25 – 30% 22. Which of the following properties of aluminium makes it
10. The strongest Lewis acid is – useful for food packaging ?
(a) BF3 (b) BCl3 (a) Good electrical conductivity
(c) BBr3 (d) BI3
11. Bell metal is an alloy of: (b) Good thermal conductivity
(a) Sn and Pb (b) Cu and Pb (c) Low density
(c) Sn and Cu (d) In, Sn and Cu (d) Non toxicity
12. In the Hoope’s process of aluminium extraction, the fused 23. Aluminium reacts with caustic soda to form:
materials remain in three different layers. These layers remain
separated even in electrolytic reduction, because : (a) aluminium hydroxide (b) aluminium oxide
(a) cell has the arrangement for separation (c) sodium meta-aluminate(d) sodium tetra-aluminate
(b) all the layers have different densities 24. In the reaction B2 O3 + C + Cl 2 ® A + CO. The A is
(c) all the layers are at different temperatures
(d) upper layer is attracted by cathode and lower layer is (a) BCl3 (b) BCl2
attracted by anode. (c) B2Cl2 (d) CCl2
 The p-block elements (Group 13 and 14) 249

25. Non-oxide ceramics can be (c) It is prepared by heating Al2O3 in a stream of sulphur
(a) B4C (b) SiC chloride (S2Cl2) vapours and chlorine.
(c) Si3N4 (d) All of these (d) All of these
26. Which of the following metals burn in air at high 38. Aqueous solution of orthoboric acid can be titrated against
temperature with the evolution of heat ? sodium hydroxide using phenolphthalein indicator only in
(a) Cu (b) Hg presence of –
(c) Pb (d) Al (a) trans-glycerol (b) catechol
27. Which of the following product is formed when SiF4 reacts (c) cis-glycerol (d) Both (b) and (c)
with water? 39. Which of the following statement is correct with respect to
(a) SiF3 (b) H4SiO4 the property of elements with an increase in atomic number
(c) H2SO4 (d) H2SiF4 in the carbon family (group 14)?
28. Boron forms covalent compound due to (a) atomic size decrease
(a) higher ionization energy (b) ionization energy increase
(b) lower ionization energy (c) metallic character decrease
(c) small size (d) stability of +2 oxidation state increase
(d) Both (a) and (c) 40. H3BO3 on heating up to 373 K yields:
29. Which metal is protected by a layer of its own oxide (a) boric anhydride (b) orthoboric acid
(a) Al (b) Ag (c) metaboric acid (d) tetraboric acid
(c) In (d) Fe 41. Which of the following statements about H3BO3 is not
30. When Al is added to KOH solution
correct?
(a) no action takes place (b) oxygen is evolved
(a) It is a strong tribasic acid
(c) water is produced (d) hydrogen is evolved
(b) It is prepared by acidifying an aqueous solution of
31. Which of the following is not true about potash alum?
(a) Its empirical formula is KAl(SO4)2. 12H2O. borax
(b) Its aqueous solution is basic (c) It has a layer structure in which planar BO3 units are
(c) It is used in dyeing industries joined by hydrogen bonds
(d) All are correct. (d) It does not act as proton donor but acts as a Lewis acid
32. AlCl3 acts as a strong Lewis acid because AlCl 3 is : by accepting a lone pair of electrons
(a) easily hydrolysed 42. Boron halides behave as Lewis base, because of their :
(b) a covalent compound (a) ionic nature (b) acidic nature
(c) on ionic compound (c) covalent nature (d) electron deficient nature
(d) an electron deficient compound 43. Aluminium chloride exists as dimer, (Al2Cl6) in solid state as
33. Which one of the following is a metalloid? well as in solution of non-polar solvents such as benzene.
(a) phosphorous (b) antimony When dissolved in water, it gives
(c) nitrogen (d) bismuth
(a) [Al(OH) 6 ]3- + 3HCl (b) [ Al( H 2 O ) 6 ]3+ + 3Cl -
34. In the electrolytic extraction of aluminium, cryolite is used
(a) to obtain more aluminium (c) Al 3+ + 3Cl - (d) Al2 O3 + 6HCl
(b) to decrease temperature to dissolve bauxite 44. Among the following the hardest is :
(c) to protect the anode (a) Peat (b) Lignite
(d) as reducing agent (c) Graphite (d) Anthractie
35. Select the correct statements for diborane : 45. Which one of the following exist in the oxidation state other
1. Boron is approximately sp3 hybridized than +3?
2. B – H – B angle is 180° (a) B (b) Al
3. There are two terminal B – H bonds for each boron (c) Ce (d) Ga
atom 46. In aqueous solution GaCl disproportionates to
4. There are only 12 bonding electrons (a) GaCl2 and GaCl3 (b) Ga and GaCl3
(a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) GaCl2 and Ga (d) GaCl3 and GaCl5
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 3 and 4
47. Which of the following is a semiconductor ?
36. Action of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) on metallic tin
produces (a) C (b) Pb
(a) stannic nitrate (b) stannous nitrite (c) Ge (d) Sn
(c) stannous nitrate (d) hydrated stannic oxide 48. Ordinary glass is :
37. Which of the following statements about anhydrous (a) Sodium silicate
aluminium chloride is correct? (b) Calcium silicate
(a) It fumes in moist air (c) Sodium and calcium silicate
(b) It exists as dimer both in the vapour state below 350°C (d) Mixed salt of Na and Ca
and in non-polar solvents 49. Which of the following types of forces bind together the
carbon atoms in diamond ?
 250 CHEMISTRY

(a) Ionic (b) Covalent (c) silica with magnesium

(c) Dipolar (d) Van der Waals. (d) None of these
50. Water gas is produced by 64. In the manufacture of glass addition of MnO2 gives :
(a) passing steam through a red hot coke bed (a) yellow colour (b) red colour
(b) saturating hydrogen with moisture (c) violet colour (d) pink colour
(c) mixing oxygen and hydrogen in the ratio of 1 : 2 65. Carborundum is
(d) heating a mixture of CO2 and CH4 in petroleum refineries. (a) SiC (b) CaC2
51. Activated charcoal is employed to remove colouring matter (c) Mg2C3 (d) None of these
from pure substances. It works by : 66. White lead is
(a) Bleaching (b) Oxidation (a) PbCO3 (b) PbCO3 .PbO
(c) Reduction (d) Adsorption (c) 2PbCO3 . Pb(OH)2 (d) 2PbSO4 .PbO
52. In graphite, electrons are 67. Pb reacts with dilute HNO3 and produces
(a) localised on every third C-atom (a) NO (b) NH4NO3
(b) present in anti-bonding orbital (c) N2O5 (d) NO2
(c) localised on each C-atom 68. In silica (SiO2), each silicon atom is bonded to
(d) spread out between the structure
(a) two oxygen atoms
53. Glass reacts with HF to produce
(b) four oxygen atoms
(a) SiF4 (b) H2SiF6
(c) one silicon and two oxygen atoms
(c) H2SiO3 (d) Na3AlF6
54. The oxide of lead used in lead accumulators is : (d) one silicon and three oxygen atoms
69. The inert pair effect is most prominent in –
(a) PbO (b) Pb 2 O3
(a) C (b) Pb
(c) Pb3O 4 (d) PbO 2 (c) Ge (d) Si
55. Producer gas is the mixture of : 70. Consider the following chemical reaction –
(a) CO + N2 (b) CO + H2 Fe2O3(s) + 3CO (g) ––® 2Fe (s) + 3CO2(g)
(c) CO + water vapours (d) N2 + CH4 (a) CO is an oxidising agent
56. Coal gas is a mixture of : (b) CO is reducing agent
(a) H 2 O and CO (b) H 2 ,CO, N 2 and CH 4 (c) CO is neutral towards litmus
(c) H 2 and CO (d) CH 4 and CO (d) CO acts as catalyst
57. The chemical name of phosgene is 71. Tetra ethyl lead is used as :
(a) Phosphorus (a) fire extinguisher (b) antiknock compound
(b) Carbonyl chloride (c) pain killer (d) mosquito killer
(c) Phosphorus oxychloride 72. To a piece of charcoal, sulphuric acid is added. Then:
(d) Phosphorus trichloride (a) there is no reaction
58. Least thermally stable is – (b) water gas is formed
(a) CCl4 (b) SiCl4 (c) SO2 and CO2 are evolved
(c) GeCl4 (d) GeBr4 (d) CO and SO2 are evolved
59. Be2C and Al4C3 are called – 73. Which of the following has the highest calorific value ?
(a) ethanides (b) methanides
(a) Coal gas (b) Water gas
(c) carbonides (d) acetylides
(c) Producer (d) Carbon dioxide gas
60. Which one of the following has the lowest m.p.?
(a) B (b) Al 74. Which one of the following statements about the zeolites is
(c) Ga (d) Tl. false ?
61. Red lead is: (a) They are used as cation exchangers
(a) Pb3O4 (b) Pb2O3 (b) They have open structure which enables them to take
(c) Pb2O (d) PbO up small molecules
62. Silicon dioxide is formed by the reaction of (c) Zeolites are aluminosilicates having three dimensional
(a) SiCl4 + H2O (b) SiO2 + HF network
(c) SiO2 + NaOH (d) SiCl4 + NaOH (d) None of the above
63. In laboratory silicon can be prepared by heating 75. When vapours of SiCl 4 are passed over hot Mg, the product
(a) carbon in electric furnance
(b) silica with sodium carbonate formed is :
(a) MgSiCl6 (b) SiCl2 + MgCl 2
(c) Si + MgCl 2 (d) MgSi + Cl 2
 The p-block elements (Group 13 and 14) 251

Heat High temp. (d) washing soda reacts with aluminium to form insoluble
1. PbS ¾¾¾® A + PbS ¾¾¾ ¾¾® Pb + SO 2
in air No air aluminium oxide
Identify A 12. Which one of the following is correct statement ?
(a) PbO (b) PbSO4 (a) The hydroxide of aluminium is more acidic than that of
(c) None (d) (a) or (b) boron
2. Aluminium hydroxide is soluble in excess of sodium (b) The hydroxide of boron is basic, while that of aluminium
hydroxide forming the ion is amphoteric
(a) AlO +2 3 (b) AlO -2 3 (c) The hydroxide of boron is acidic, while that of aluminium
is amphoteric
(c) AlO-2 (d) AlO 3- (d) The hydroxide of boron and aluminium are amphoteric
3. The hardest substance amongst the following is 13. Newly shaped glass articles when cooled suddenly become
(a) Be2C (b) titanium brittle, therefore these are cooled slowly, this process in
(c) SiC (d) B4C known as
4. Moissan boron is (a) Tempering (b) Annealing
(a) amorphous boron of ultra purity (c) Quenching (d) Galvanising
(b) crystalline boron of ultra purity 14. CO2 and N2 are non-supporters of combustion. However
(c) amorphous boron of low purity for putting out fires CO2 is preferred over N2 because CO2
(d) crystalline boron of low purity
(a) Does not burn
5. Silicon carbide is used as a/ an
(b) Forms noncombustible products with burning
(a) abrasive (b) dehydrating agent
substances
(c) solvent (d) catalyst
(c) Is denser than nitrogen
6. Which of the following does not exist in free form
(d) Is a more reactive gas
(a) BF3 (b) BCl3
15. Aluminium has a great affinity for oxygen and its oxidation
(c) BBr3 (d) BH3
is an exothermic process. This fact is used in
7. The role of fluorspar ( CaF2) which is added in small
(a) preparing thin foils of aluminium
quantities in the electrolytic reducation of alumina dissolved
(b) making utensils
in fused cryolite (Na3AlF6) is
(c) preparing duralumin alloy
(a) As a catalyst
(d) thermite welding
(b) To make the fused mixture very conducting
16. Tin plague is the
(c) To increase the temperature of the melt.
(a) Conversion of stannous to stannic
(d) To decrease the rate of oxidation of carbon at the anode.
(b) Conversion of white tin to grey tin
8. The precious Ruby stone is
(c) Emission of sound while bending a tin rod
(a) Alumina
(d) Atmospheric oxidation of tin
(b) Aluminium silicate
17. Tin cry refers to
(c) Sodium aluminium silicate
(a) Conversion of white to grey tin
(d) Sodium silicate
(b) Tin plating
9. Anhydrous AlCl3 cannot be obtained from which of the
(c) Conversion of white tetrahedral tin to white
following reactions ?
rhombohedral tin
(a) Heating AlCl3.6H2O
(d) Emission of sound while bending a tin rod.
(b) By passing dry HCl over hot aluminium powder
18. Lead is not affected by dil. HCl in cold because
(c) By passing dry Cl2 over hot aluminium powder
(a) Pb is less electronegative than H
(d) By passing dry Cl2 over a hot mixture of alumina and coke
(b) PbO film is formed which resists chemical attack by
10. The factor responsible for weak acidic nature of B–F bonds
acid
in BF3 is
(a) Large electronegativity of fluorine (c) A protective coating of PbCl2 is formed on Pb surface
(b) Three centred two electron bonds in BF3 (d) PbO2 film is always present on Pb surface, which resist
(c) p p - d pp back bonding chemical attack
(d) p p - p p back bonding 19. Carbon and silicon belong to group 14. The maximum
11. Aluminium vessels should not be washed with materials coordination number of carbon in commonly occurring
containing washing soda since compounds is 4, whereas that of silicon is 6. This is due to
(a) washing soda is expensive (a) large size of silicon
(b) washing soda is easily decomposed (b) more electropositive nature of silicon
(c) washing soda reacts with aluminium to form soluble (c) availability of d-orbitals in silicon
aluminate. (d) Both (a) and (b)
 252 CHEMISTRY

20. A kettle which becomes furred-up in use has inside it a 32. In view of the signs of D r G ° for the following reactions :
deposit composed mainly of :
(a) Magnesium bicarbonate (b) Magnesium sulphate PbO 2 + Pb ® 2PbO, DrG° < 0
(c) Sodium sulphate (d) Calcium carbonate SnO 2 + Sn ® 2SnO , D r G° > 0
21. Colour is imparted to glass by mixing Which oxidation states are more characteristics for lead and
(a) synthetic dyes (b) metal oxides tin ?
(c) oxides of non-metals (d) coloured salts (a) For lead + 2, for tin + 2 (b) For lead + 4, for tin + 4
22. The form of BN which is as hard as diamond is (c) For lead + 2, for tin + 4 (d) For lead + 4, for tin + 2
(a) hexagonal form 33. When PbO2 reacts with conc. HNO3 the gas evolved is
(b) Cubic form with ZnS structure (a) NO2 (b) O2
(c) both of these (c) N2 (d) N2O
(d) none of these 34. How can the following reaction be made to proceed in
23. The type of glass used in making lenses and prisms is forward direction?
(a) Flint glass (b) Jena glass B(OH)3 + NaOH NaBO2 + Na[B(OH)4] + H2O
(c) Pyrex glass (d) Quartz glass (a) addition of borax (b) addition of cis -1,2-diol
24. SiF4 gets hydrolysed giving........ (c) addition of Na2HPO4 (d) addition of trans -1,2-diol
(a) SiO2 (b) Si(OH)2F2 35. The species present in solution when CO2 is dissolved in
(c) H2SiF6 (d) Si(OH)4 water are
25. When alumina is heated with carbon in the atmosphere of
nitrogen then products formed are (a) CO2 ,H 2CO3 ,HCO3- ,CO32-
(a) Al + CO (b) Al + CO + N2
(b) H 2CO3 , CO32-
(c) Al + CO2 (d) AlN + CO
26. Soldiers of Napolean army while at alps during freezing winter (c) CO32- , HCO3
suffered a serious problem as regards to the tin buttons of
their uniforms. White metallic tin buttons got converted to (d) CO2, H2CO3
grey powder. This transformation is related to 36. Unlike the other elements of its group carbon and silicon
(a) a change in the partial pressure of oxygen in the air does not form MX2 type molecules because :
(a) energetically this is not possible
(b) a change in the crystalline structure of tin
(b) carbon undergoes catenation
(c) an interaction with nitrogen of the air at very low
(c) it is non-metallic
temperatures
(d) carbon does not contain d-orbital
(d) an interaction with water vapours contained in the
37. Gas A is bubbled through slaked lime when a white
humid air
precipitate is formed. On prolonged bubbling the precipitate
27. On controlled hydrolysis and condensation R3SiCl yields
is dissolved. On heating the resultant solution, the white
(a) R3Si – O – SiR3 (b) -(R3Si – O – SiR3)- n
precipitate appears with evolution of gas B. The gases A
R R and B respectively are
| |
(a) CO and CO (b) CO 2 and CO
– Si – O – Si –
| | (c) CO and CO 2 (d) CO 2 and CO 2
(c) R3SiOH (d) O O
| | 38. Nitrolim is a mixture of
– Si – O – Si – (a) CaC 2 & Ga (b) CaCN 2 & C
| |
R R (c) Ca (CN) 2 & Ga (d) CaCN 2 & N 2
28. Carborundum is obtained when silica is heated at high 39. The straight chain polymer is formed by
temperature with (a) hydrolysis of CH3SiCl 3 followed by condensation
(a) carbon (b) carbon monoxide polymerisation
(c) carbon dioxide (d) calcium carbonate (b) hydrolysis of (CH3)4Si by addition polymerisation
29. Maximum pp-pp back bonding exists in (c) hydrolysis of (CH3)2SiCl2 followed by condensation
(a) BCl3 (b) BF3 polymerisation
(c) BBr3 (d) BI3 (d) hydrolysis of (CH3)3SiCl followed by condensation
30. Aluminium is extracted from alumina (Al2O3 ) by electrolysis polymerisation
of a molten mixture of : 40. The tendency of BF3, BCl3 and BBr3 to behave as Lewis acid
(a) Al2O3 + HF + NaAlF4 decreases in the sequence:
(b) Al2O3 + CaF2 + NaAlF4 (a) BCl3 > BF3 > BBr3 (b) BBr3 > BCl3 > BF3
(c) Al2O3 + Na3AlF6 + CaF2 (c) BBr3 > BF3 > BCl3 (d) BF3 > BCl3 > BBr3
(d) Al2O3 + KF + Na3AlF6 41. Name the type of the structure of silicate in which one oxygen
31. Heating an aqueous solution of aluminium chloride to atom of [SiO4]4– is shared ?
dryness will give (a) Linear chain silicate (b) Sheet silicate
(a) Al(OH)Cl 2 (b) Al 2O 3 (c) Pyrosilicate (d) Three dimensional
(c) Al 2Cl 6 (d) AlCl3
 The p-block elements (Group 13 and 14) 253

42. In silicon dioxide
(a) there are double bonds between silicon and oxygen
atoms
(b) silicon atom is bonded to two oxygen atoms
(c) each silicon atom is surrounded by two oxygen atoms
and each oxygen atom is bonded to two silicon atoms
(d) each silicon atom is surrounded by four oxygen atoms
and each oxygen atom is bonded to two silicon atoms.
43. The structure of diborane ( B 2 H 6 ) contains
(a) four 2c-2e bonds and four 3c-2e bonds
(b) two 2c-2e bonds and two 3c-3e bonds
(c) two 2c-2e bonds and four 3c-2e bonds
(d) four 2c-2e bonds and two 3c-2e bonds
44. Which one of the following is the correct statement?
(a) Boric acid is a protonic acid
(b) Beryllium exhibits coordination number of six
(c) Chlorides of both beryllium and aluminium have bridged
structures in solid phase
(d) B2H6.2NH3 is known as ‘inorganic benzene’
45. Name of the structure of silicates in which three oxygen
atoms of [SiO4]4– are shared.
(a) Pyrosilicate (b) Sheet silicate
(c) Linear chain silicate (d) Three dimensional silicate
46. Lead pipes are not suitable for drinking water because
(a) A layer of lead dioxide is deposited over pipes
(b) Lead reacts with air to form litharge
(c) Lead reacts with water containing air to form Pb(OH)2
(d) Lead forms basic lead carbonate
DIRECTIONS for Qs. 47 to 50 : These are Assertion-Reason
type questions. Each of these question contains two statements:
Statement-1 (Assertion) and Statement-2 (Reason). Answer these
questions from the following four options.
(a) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true, Statement-2 is a
correct explanation for Statement-1
(b) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; Statement-2 is
NOT a correct explanation for Statement - 1
(c) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(d) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
47. Statement-1 : Boron is metalloid.
Statement-2 : Boron shows metallic nature.
48. Statement-1 : Benzene is reactive while inorganic benzene
is unreactive compound.
Statement-2 : Inorganic benzene is, borazine, B3N3H6.
49. Statement-1 : Silicones are hydrophobic in nature.
Statement-2 : Si – O – Si linkages are moisture sensitive.
50. Statement-1 : Pb4+ compounds are stronger oxidizing agents
than Sn4+ compounds.
Statement-2 : The higher oxidation states for the group 14
elements are more stable for the heavier members of the
group due to ‘inert pair effect’.

Exemplar Questions of the following elements is not likely to act as central atom
1. The elements which exists in liquid state for a wide range of in MF63- ?
temperature and can be used for measuring high temperature (a) B (b) Al
is (c) Ga (d) In
(a) B (b) Al 6. Boric acid is an acid because its molecule
(c) Ga (d) In (a) contains replaceable H+ ion
2. Which of the following is a Lewis acid? (b) gives up a proton
(a) AlCl3 (b) MgCl2 (c) accepts OH– from water releasing proton
(c) CaCl2 (d) BaCl2 (d) combines with proton from water molecule
3. The geometry of a complex species can be understood from 7. Catenation i.e., linking of similar atoms depends on size and
the knowledge of type of hybridisation of orbitals of central electronic configuration of atoms. The tendency of catenation
atom. The hybridisation of orbitals of central atom in in group 14 elements follows the order
[B(OH4)]– and the geometry of the complex are respectively. (a) C > Si > Ge > Sn (b) C > > Si > Ge » Sn
(a) sp3, tetrahedral (b) sp3, square planar (c) Si > C > Sn > Ge (d) Ge > Sn > Si > C
(c) sp3d2, octahedral (d) dsp2, square planar 8. Silicon has a strong tendency to form polymers like silicones.
4. Which of the following oxides is acidic in nature? The chain length of silicone polymer can be controlled by
(a) B2O3 (b) Al2O3 adding.
(c) Ga2O3 (d) In2O3 (a) MeSiCl3 (b) Me2SiCl2
5. The exhibition of highest coordination number depends on (c) Me3SiCl (d) Me4Si
the availability of vacant orbitals in the central atom. Which
 254 CHEMISTRY

9. Ionisation enthalpy (DiH kJ mol–1) for the elements of group 15. Cement, the important building material is a mixture of oxides
13 follows the order of several elements. Besides calcium, iron and sulphur, oxides
(a) B > Al > Ga > In > Tl (b) B < Al < Ga < In < Tl of elements of which of the group (s) are present in the
(c) B < Al > Ga < In > Tl (d) B > Al < Ga > In < Tl mixture?
10. In the structure of diborane, (a) Group 2 (b) Groups 2, 13 and 14
(c) Group 2 and 13 (d) Groups 2 and 14
(a) All hydrogen atoms lie in one plane and boron atoms
lie in a plane perpendicular to this plane NEET/AIPMT (2013-2017) Questions
(b) 2 boron atoms and 4 terminal hydrogen atoms lie in the 16. Which of the following structure is similar to graphite?
same plane and 2 bridging hydrogen atoms lie in the [2013]
perpendicular plane (a) B (b) B4C
(c) 4 bridging hydrogen atoms and boron atoms lie in one (c) B2H6 (d) BN
plane and two terminal hydrogen atoms lie in a plane 17. Which of these is not a monomer for a high molecular mass
silicone polymer? [2013]
perpendicular to this plane
(a) Me2SiCl2 (b) Me3SiCl
(d) All the atoms are in the same plane (c) PhSiCl3 (d) MeSiCl3
11. A compound X, of boron reacts with NH3 on heating to give 18. The basic structural unit of silicates is : [2013]
another compound Y which is called inorganic benzene. The
(a) SiO44- (b) SiO32-
compound X can be prepared by treating BF3 with lithium
aluminium hydride. The compounds X and Y are represented (c) SiO24- (d) SiO
by the formulas. 19. Which statement is wrong? [NEET Kar. 2013]
(a) B2H6, B3N3H6 (b) B2O3, B3N3H6 (a) Feldspars are not aluminosilicates
(c) BF3, B3N3H6 (d) B3N3H6, B2H6 (b) Beryl is an example of cyclic silicate
12. Quartz is extensively used as a piezoelectric material, it (c) Mg2SiO4 is orthosilicate
contains .............. . (d) Basic structural unit in silicates is the SiO4 tetrahedron
20. The stability of +1 oxidation state among Al, Ga, In and Tl
(a) Pb (b) Si
increases in the sequence : [2015 RS]
(c) Ti (d) Sn (a) Ga < In < Al < Tl (b) Al < Ga < In < Tl
13. The most commonly used reducing agent is (c) Tl < In < Ga < Al (d) In < Tl < Ga < Al
(a) AlCl3 (b) PbCl2 21. It is because of inability of ns2 electrons of the valence shell
(c) SnCl4 (d) SnCl2 to participate in bonding that:- [2017]
14. Dry ice is (a) Sn2+ is oxidising while Pb4+ is reducing
(b) Sn2+ and Pb2+ are both oxidising and reducing
(a) solid NH3 (b) solid SO2 (c) Sn4+ is reducing while Pb4+ is oxidising
(c) solid CO2 (d) solid N2 (d) Sn2+ is reducing while Pb4+ is oxidising
 The p-block elements (Group 13 and 14) 255

Hints & Solutions

EXERCISE - 1
15. (c) H
1. (b) Alums are double salts. They have general formula |
B
M 2SO 4 .M '2 (SO 4 )3 .24H 2 O where M is monovalent

|
||
H N N H

|
|
cation and M ' is trivalent cation. | ||
\ Na 2SO4 .Al2 (SO4 )3 .24H 2O is alum. H B B H

|
N

||
|
2. D
(b) Na2B4O7. 10 H2O ¾¾¾¾® Na2B4O7 |
- 10H 2O H
Inorganic benzene, B 3N 3H6
D
Na 2 B4O7 ¾¾
® 2 NaBO2 + B2 O3
anhydrous sod.metaborate Boric anhydride It is isoelectronic with benzene.
water
CuO + B2 O3 ¾¾
® Cu(BO 2 )2 16. (d) K 2SO 4 .Al 2 (SO4 )3 .24H 2 O ¾¾¾®
cupric meta borate(Blue beed)
3. (c) Alum furnishes Al3+ ions which bring about coagulation 2K + + 4SO24 - + 2Al3+ + 24H 2O
of negatively charged clay particles, bacteria etc. 17. (d)
4. (d) The stability of +2 oxidation state increases and 18. (a) Gallium (Ga) is soft , silvery metal. Its melting point is
+4 oxidation state decreases as we move down in 30ºC. This metal expands by 3.1% when it solidifies
Group-14. So Pb(IV) is strongly oxidising and also I– is and hence, it should not be stored in glass or metal
strong reducing agent. Hence PbI4 is non existing. containers.
19. (b) Down the group basic character of oxides increases.
5. (a) The stability of dihalides (MX2) increases down the
B2O3 – Acidic
group. Except C and Si, the other members form
Al2O3 – Amphoteric
dihalides.
Ga2O3 – Amphoteric
6. (a) AlI3, on reaction with CCl4, gives the AlCl3
In2O3 – Basic
4AlI3 + 3CCl4 ¾¾ ® 4AlCl3 + 3CI 4 Tl2O3 – Basic
7. (c) AlCl3 exists as a dimer (Al2Cl6). It is a strong Lewis acid 20. (c) Element B Al Ga In
as it has an incomplete octet and has a tendency to m.p.(°C) 2076 660 30 157
gain electrons. AlCl3 undergoes hydrolysis easily and B have high m.p. due to giant polymeric structure. Ga
forms an acidic solution. has exceptionally low melting point due to unusual
AlCl3 + 3H2O ® Al(OH)3 + 3HCl structure consisting of only discrete Ga2 molecules.
Option (c) is true that AlCl3 sublimes at 180ºC. 21. (a) Borax is Na2B4O7.10H2O. It gives alkaline solution on
8. (d) H3BO3 acts as a Lewis acid and accepts OH– ions to dissolution in water as it is a salt of strong base and
form [B(OH)4]– weak acid.
9. (c) The approximate composition of cement is : Na2B4O7 + 7H2O ® 4H3BO3 + 2NaOH
22. (c) Due to the low density of aluminium it is useful for
Lime (CaO) = 50 – 60%
food packaging.
Silica (SiO2) = 20 – 25 % 23. (c) Aluminium reacts with caustic soda to form sodium
Alumina (Al2O3) = 5 – 10 % meta aluminate
Magnesia (MgO) = 2 – 3% 2Al + 2NaOH + 6H2O ¾¾ ® 2NaAlO2.2H2O + 3H2
Ferric oxide (Fe2O3) = 2 – 3% 24. (a) B2 O3 + 3C + 3Cl2 ® 2BCl3 + 3CO
10. (d) The order of strength of Lewis acid character for boron 25. (d) Ceramics are inorganic , non-metallic, solid minerals.
halides is, BF3 < BCl3 < BBr3 < BI3 (due to back bonding) They come in a variety of forms, including silicates
11. (d) Bell metal is an alloy of Cu and Sn. (silica, SiO2 with metal oxides), oxides (oxygen and
12. (b) All the layers have different densities and therefore metals), carbides (carbon and metals), aluminates
they remain separated from each other. (alumina, Al2O3 with metal oxides) and nitrides.
13. (b) Thermite is mixture of Fe2O3 + Al. The given ceramics are B4C (carbides), SiC (carbides),
14. (d) Thermite is a mixture of iron oxide and Al powder. Al Si3N4 (nitrides) and thus, none of these is an oxide . All
reduces iron oxide to iron giving out enormouns heat. of these are non-oxide ceramics.
Fe 2 O 3 + 2Al ¾¾ ® 2Fe + Al 2 O 3 + Heat 26. (d) 4Al + 3O2 ¾¾ ® 2Al2O3 DH = -ve
 256 CHEMISTRY

27. (b) In reaction with water, SiF4 (like SiCl4) gets hydrolysed 43. (b) Al2Cl6 + 12H2O 2[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 6 C1-
to form H4SiO4 (silicic acid).
44. (d) Anthracite is a coal of hard variety burning with little
SiF4 + 4H 2 O ¾¾ ® Si(OH) 4 or H 4SiO 4 + 4HF flame & smoke. Graphite layers are held together by
(Silicic acid)
weak van der waal forces so it is very soft. Lignite is
28. (d) 29. (a)
soft brown coal showing traces of plant structure,
30. (d) 2KOH + 2Al + 2H 2 O ® 2KAlO 2 + 3H 2
intermediate between coal & Peat. peat is vegetable
31. (a) KAl(SO4 )2 .12H 2O is a molecular formula of potash matter decomposed in water and partly carbonized.
alum. 45. (c) Boron (B), aluminium (Al) and gallium (Ga) are present
in group 13. They show + 3 oxidation state. While
32. (d) AlCl3 acts as a strong Lewis acid because AlCl3 is
cerium (Ce) is a lanthanoid. It presents in lanthanide
an electron deficient compound. Al has three electrons series. It shows + 3 and + 4 oxidation states.
in outer most electron. Through sharing it gets 3 46. (b)
electrons. Still it requires 2 electrons to complete its 47. (c) Ge is used as a semiconductor in transistors.
octet. 48. (c) Normal glass is calcium alkali silicate glass made by
33. (b) Antimony is a metalloid because it has some characters fusing the alkali metal carbonate, CaCO3 and SiO2.
of metals and some of non-metals. 49. (b) In diamond each carbon atom is sp3 hybridized and
34. (b) Cryolite Na3AlF6 is added thus forms covalent bonds with four other carbon atoms
(1) to decrease the melting temperature from 2323 K to lying at the corners of a regular tetrahedron.
1140 K
50. (a) H 2 O + C ¾¾ ® H 2 + CO
(2) to increase the electrical conductivity of solution
Steam Red hot coke water gas
H H H 51. (d) Activated charcoal is an allotropic form of carbon made
35. (d) B 197° B by heating or chemically oxidizing sawdust or peat. It
H H H has large surface area and acts as adsorbant.
B is sp3 hybridized 52. (d) In graphite, each carbon is sp2-hybridized and one
Only 12 bonding electrons available singly occupied unhybridized p-orbitals of C-atoms
BHB angle is 97° not 180°. overlap sidewise to form a p -electron cloud which is
36. (d) Action of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) on metallic delocalized and thus the electrons are spread out
tin produces hydrated tin oxide (SnO2. 2H2O) which is between the structure.
also called meta stannic acid 53. (b) 6 HF + SiO 2 ® H 2SiF6 + 2 H 2 O
Sn + 4 HNO 3 ¾
¾® SnO 2 .H 2 O + 4 NO 2 + H 2 O 54. (d) PbO2 is a strong oxidising agent and is produced in
37. (d) (A) AlCl3 + 3H2O ––––® Al(OH)3 + 3HCl ­ (fumes) situ in lead storage batteries. The anode is oxidized to
(B) It exists as dimer in non-polar solvents like benzene PbO2 and cathode is reduced to spongy Pb.
and in vapour state below 400°C. 55. (a) Producer gas is a fuel gas and is mixture of CO and N2.
(C) 4Al2O3 + 3S2Cl2 + 9Cl2 ––––® 8AlCl3 + 6SO2 ­ 56. (b) Coal gas is a mixture of H2 + CO + N2 + CH4
So all options are correct. 57. (b) Carbonyl chloride (COCl2) is known as phosgene.
38. (d) It forms a stable cyclic complex with polyhydroxy 58. (d) The thermal stability of tetrahalides decreases in order
compounds like cis-glycerol, cathechol, etc. This helps CX4 > SiX4 > GeX4 > SnX4 and in terms of same metal
in the release of H+ as H3O+ and, therefore, boric acid with different halides is in order of
acts as a strong acid and hence can be titrated with MF4 > MCl4 > MBr4 > MI4.
sodium hydroxide using phenolphthalein. 59. (b) Because they react with water to form methane gas
39. (d) In the carbon family the stability of +2 oxidation state Al4C3 + 12H2O –––® 4 Al(OH)3 + 3CH4
increases with increase in atomic number due to inert Aluminium carbide Methane
pair effect.
Be 2C + 4H 2 O ¾¾
® 2Be(OH) 2 + CH 4
Therefore SnCl4 is more stable than SnCl2 & PbCl2 is Beryllium carbide Methane
more stable than PbCl4.
40. (c) H3BO3 on heating at 373K yields metaboric acid (HBO2) 60. (c) The m.p dcreases form B to Ga , hence gallium (Ga) has
least m.p. (303 K) among group of 13 element.
373K
H3BO3 ¾¾¾® HBO2 + H 2O 61. (a) Red lead is Pb3O4. It is a mixed oxide of Pb (II) and
D
metaboricacid Pb (IV). It acts as a powerful oxidising agent.
(orthorombic form)
41. (a) H3BO3 is a weak monobasic acid. D
62. (a ) SiCl4 ( s ) + 2H 2O( ) ¾¾¾¾
® Si(OH) 4 ( aq)
-4HCl
42. (d) Boron halides behave as Lewis acid because of their Silicic acid
electron deficient nature. Boron halide like BCl3 has
D
only six electrons around Boron, which is less than ¾¾
® SiO 2 .xH2O( s)
required for octat rule. So it has a tendency to attract Silica gel
electron from others. Thus it behaves as an acid. 63. (c) SiO2 + 2Mg ® Si + 2MgO.
 The p-block elements (Group 13 and 14) 257

64. (c) Manganese salts are violet or purple coloured. So EXERCISE - 2

MnO2 gives violet colour to the glass. Fe3+ gives yellow
1. (d)
colour mixture of Fe3+ & Fe2+ gives green colour. CO2+
gives deep blue and colloidal particle of Cu gives ruby 2. (c) Al(OH)3 + NaOH ¾¾
® NaAlO2 + 2H 2O
Sodium meta-aluminate
-red colour.
3. (d) B4C is the hardest substance after diamond and BN.
65. (a)
4. (c) Moissan boron is amorphous boron, obtained by
66. (c) White lead is 2PbCO 3 .Pb ( OH ) 2 also known as basic reduction of B2O3 with Na or Mg. It has 95-98% boron
lead carbonate. and is black in colour.
67. (a) 3Pb + 8 HNO3 (dil) ¾¾
® 2NO + 3Pb(NO3)2 + 4H2O 5. (a) Abrasive is tough material used for sharpening and
nitric oxide grinding the uneven surfaces and silicon carbide is
Therefore, Pb reacts with dil HNO3 to produce NO. used for grinding glass
68. (b) In silica (SiO2); each Si atom is surrounded by four 6. (d) Boron form different hydride of general formula BnHn+4
and BnHn+6 but BH3 is unknown.
oxygen atom.
7. (b) CaF2 when added to fused Cryolite, lowers the m.p.
and increases the conductivity.
8. (a) Alumina Al2O3 is known as Ruby stone
— —

— —

— —

— —

— Si — O —Si — O — Si — O —Si —
9. (a) D , air
2Al + 6HCl ¾¾¾® 2AlCl3 + 3H 2
O O O O
—

2Al + 3Cl 2 ¾¾
® 2AlCl3
— Si — O —Si — O — Si — O —Si —
—

1000°C
O O O O Al 2O3 + 3C + 3Cl 2 ¾¾¾¾
® 2AlCl3 + 3CO
vapours
— —

— —

— —

— —

— Si — O —Si — O — Si — O —Si —
Cooling

Structure of SiO2 Anhydrous AlCl3

Only Si – O bonds exist and no Si = O. D
AlCl3 .6H 2O ¾¾
® Al(OH)3 + 3HCl + 3H 2O
69. (b) The inert pair effect is most prominent in the heavier
members of the group. Inert pair effect increases as we Thus AlCl3 cannot be obtained by this method
move the group down the group. 10. (d) It is pp - Pp back bonding involving B and F. The
70. (b) CO is reducing agent because it readily accepts oxygen smaller atoms show more back bonding.
to form CO2. CO is used as reducing agent to reduce 11. (c) Na 2CO3 + H 2O ® 2NaOH + CO 2
many metallic oxides into metals in metallurgy.
71. (b) Knocking (metallic sound or rattle) decreases the power 2Al + 2NaOH + 2H 2O ® 2NaAlO 2 + 3H 2 ­
and increases the wear of the engine. Knocking is more Sodium meta-aluminate
(soluble)
if petrol contains greater percentage of straight chain
hydrocarbon. It is least in case of alkene / branched 12. (c) B(OH)3 Þ H3BO3 Boric acid
Al(OH)3 Þ Amphoteric
chain HC/ aromatic HC. Tetra ethyl lead dissociates
13. (b) Annealing makes the glass soft.
into ethyl radicals which combine with some straight
14. (c) CO2 being more dense covers the igniting material more
chain HC and thus lowering the knocking property of
effectively than N2.
fuel by forming branched chain HC.
15. (d)
72. (c) Charcoal is a pure form of carbon, its reaction with hot
16. (b) It is the conversion of white tin to grey tin at low
conc. H2SO4 is as follows :
temperature which crumbles into powder.
C + 2H2SO4 ææ ↑ 2H2O + 2SO2 + CO2 17. (d) Tin cry is the emission of sound on bending the tin.
73. (a) The larger the percentage of hydrogen present in a 18. (c) Pb with dil HCl forms protective coating of PbCl2
fuel, the higher will be its calorific value. Thus the 19. (c) Due to non-availability of vacant d-orbitals, it cannot
calorific values of coal gas, water gas and producer exceed its coordination number more than four. Thus
gas are of the order of 500, 350 and 103 BTH (British carbon never forms complexes e.g., [CCl6]2– deos not
Thermal Unit) per cubic foot respectively. exist but [SiCl6]2– exists.
1BTH = 252 calories. 20. (d) The bicarbonates of Ca and Mg are decomposed to Ca
74. (d) and Mg carbonates by boiling.
75. (c) SiCl4 + 2Mg ¾¾ ® Si + 2MgCl2 21. (b) Metal oxides or some salts are fused with glass to impart
colour.
(vapours) hot.
 258 CHEMISTRY

22. (b) The cubic form of BN with ZnS structure is as hard as 35. (a)
diamond.
CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO3 H + + HCO3- 2H + + CO32-
23. (a)
24. (d) It is hydrolysed with water to form a Si(OH)4. 36. (a) The stability of dihalides (MX2) increases down the
1800ºC
group. Except C and Si, the other members form
25. (d) Al2 O3 .2H 2 O + 3C + N 2 ¾¾¾¾
® dihalides.
2A N + 3CO + 2H 2O 37. (d) CO 2 + Ca(OH) 2 ¾¾
® CaCO3 ¯+ H 2O
(A) white ppt
15.2°C 164°C 232°C
26. (b) a-tin b-Sn g -Sn Liquid tin
(Grey) (White) (Britle) CaCO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O ¾
¾® Ca ( HCO 3 ) 2
Calcium bicarbonat e
(most common and stable) (Rhombic) (Souble in water )
Although transitions of white to grey tin occurs at any Heat
temperature below 15.2°C, it becomes rapid only at Ca (HCO 3 ) 2 ¾¾¾® CaCO3 + CO 2 + H 2 O
( B)
–50°C, unless a catalyst is present. During the
conversion of white tin to grey tin (in cold countries) A and B are CO 2 and CO 2 .
volume increases. Grey Sn is very brittle easily crumbles 38. (b) Nitrolim is a mixture of CaCN 2 and graphite (C) which
down to powder. This phenomenon is called tin
diseases, tin past or tin plague. is used as fertilizer.
27. (a) R3SiCl on hydrolysis forms only a dimer. 39. (c) Hydrolysis of substituted chlorosilanes yield
R3SiOH + HOSiR3 ® R3Si – O – SiR3. corresponding silanols which undergo polymerisation.
28. (a) Silica on heating with carbon at elevated temperature, Cl H OH – 2HCl
CH3
gives carborundum (silicon carbide) Si +
D CH3 Cl H OH
SiO 2 + 3C ¾¾
® SiC + 2CO
carborundum
Carborundum is a very hard substance. CH3 OH
29. (b) In BF3, boron atom has vacant 2pz A.O. and fluorine Si
CH3 OH
atom has electron pair in 2p A.O. so, maximum
overlapping is possible between vacant 2pz A.O. of Dialkyl silandiol
boron and fully filled 2p A.O. of fluorine due to similar Polymerisation of dialkyl silandiol yields linear
size of A.O’s. thermoplastic polymer.
30. (c) Fused alumina (Al2O3) is a bad conductor of electricity.
CH3 CH3
Therefore, cryolite (Na 3AlF6) and fluorspar (CaF2) are
added to purified alumina which not only make alumina
HO — Si — OH + H O — Si — OH
a good conductor of electricity but also reduce the
melting point of the mixture to around 1140 K.
CH3 CH3
31. (b) The solution of aluminium chloride in water is acidic
due to hydrolysis. CH3 CH3
AlCl3 + 3H2O –––––® Al(OH)3 + 3HCl.
On heating it till dryness Al(OH)3 is converted into HO — Si — O — Si — OH
Al2O3
D Al O + 3H O CH3 CH3
Al(OH)3 ¾¾® 2 3 2
°
40. (b) p-p overlap between B and F is maximum due to identical
32. (c) Negative D r G value indicates that + 2 oxidation state size and energy of p-orbitals, so electron deficiency in
is more stable for Pb. Also it is supported by inert pair boron of BF3 is neutralized partially to the maximum
effect that + 2 oxidation state is more stable for Pb and extent by back donation. Hence BF3 is least acidic.
as DrG° value is positive in second reaction it indicates As the size of halogen atom increases from F to I, the
that + 4 oxidation state is more stable for Sn. extent of overlap between 2p-orbital of B and a bigger
i.e., Sn++ < Pb++, Sn4+ > Pb4+ p-orbital of halogen decreases. Therefore the electron
33. (b) PbO2 is a powerful oxidizing agent and liberate O2 when deficiency of B increases.
treated with acids.
2PbO 2 + 4HNO3 ¾¾ ® 2Pb(NO 3 ) 2 + 2H 2 O + O 2 ­ O– O–
34. (b) cis-1,2-diol forms chelated complex ion with the
41. (c)
product, [B(OH)4]– causing the reaction to proceed in Si Si
–
forward direction. O O O–
– O–
– –
CH2–OH HO OH HO–CH2 CH2–O O–CH2 O
+ B + B
CH2–OH HO OH HO–CH2 CH2–O O–CH2
Pyrosilicate [Si2O7]6–
Stable chelated complex ion
 The p-block elements (Group 13 and 14) 259

42. (d) In SiO2 (quartz), each of O-atom is shared between two 49. (b)
SiO44– tetrahedra. 50. (c) Assertion is true because lower oxidation state becomes
more & more stable for heavier elements in p-block due
— —

— —

— —

— —
to inert pair effect. Hence Reason is false.
— Si — O —Si — O — Si — O —Si —
EXERCISE - 3
O O O O
Exemplar Questions
—

—
— Si — O —Si — O — Si — O —Si —
1. (c) Among these elements, in gallium, the crystal structure
—

—
O O O O is different which suggests that Ga consists of almost
discrete Ga2 molecule, so its melting point is lowest.
— —

— —

— —

— —
— Si — O —Si — O — Si — O —Si — Ga exists as liquid from 30°C upto 2000°C and hence, it
is used in high temperature measurement.
2. (a) Alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca, Ba) form ionic chloride
Structure of SiO2 whereas aluminium form covalent chloride. Despite of
43. (d) In diborane (B2H6) structure there are four 2c-2e bonds sharing electrons with chlorine, the octet of aluminium
and two 3c–2e bonds (see structure of diborane). is incomplete. To complete the octet, it needs electrons
Structure of B2H6 : and thus, acts as a Lewis acid.
Hb 3. (a) Structure of B ( OH ) -4 is
Ht •• Ht OH
| s
B B HO B OH

|
|
Ht •• Ht OH
Hb 4 bond pair + 0 lone pair
44. (c) The correct formula of inorganic benzene is B3N3H6 so Hybridisation — sp3
(d) is incorrect statement Geometry —Tetrahedral
OH 4. (a) On moving down the group the acidic nature of oxides
| changes from acidic to basic through amphoteric
Boric acid (H3BO3 or B - OH ) is a lewis acid so (a) is
| B2 O 3 , AI2 O3 and Ga 2 O3 , In 2 O3 and TI2 O3
{ 14442444 3 144 42444 3
OH More acidic Amphoteric Basic
incorrect statement. less basic
The coordination number exhibited by beryllium is 4 5. (a) Among these elements boron has the lowest atomic
and not 6 so statement (b) is incorrect. number. It has atomic number 5 and do not have vacant
Both BeCl2 and AlCl3 exhibit bridged structures in solid d-orbital. Boron can show maximum coordination
state so (c) is correct statement. number of 4. The element M in the complex ion
Cl pm Cl Cl Cl Cl MF63- has a coordination number of six. Hence, B can
20
2 not form complex of the type MF63- .
Be 98° Be 263 pm Be Be 6. (c) Boric acid is a monobasic weak acid. It does not liberate
82° H+ ion but accepts electrons from OH– ion.
Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl
H3BO3+ H2O ® B ( OH ) -4 + H+
Cl Cl Cl
7. (b) The tendency of forming long open or closed chains
Al Al by combination of some atoms in themselves is known
as catenation. The tendency of catenation is maximum
Cl Cl Cl in carbon and decreases on moving down the group.
45. (b) Two dimensional sheet structures of the formula C > > Si > Ge » Sn > Pb
(SiO5 ) n2n - are formed when tetrahedral are shared. This is due to high bond energy of C — C bonds. On
46. (c) moving down the group, atomic size increases and
47. (c) Boron is metalloid. Thus assertion is correct. Metalloids electronegativity decreases, hence, tendency to show
possess, metallic as well as non-metallic nature. Hence, catenation decreases.
reason is false. 8. (c) Silicon has a strong tendency to form polymers like
48. (d) Borazine has more polarity as compared to benzene silicones. The chain length of silicon polymer can be
because nitrogen is more and boron is less
controlled by adding (CH3)3SiCl which block the ends
electronegative than carbon. Thus due to polarity
as shown below
inorganic benzene, borazine is highly reactive while
benzene is much less reactive.
 260
CH3 CH3
| |
n HO — Si — OH + Cl — Si — CH 3
| |
CH3 CH3
–HCl Polymerisation
CH3 CH3
| |
— O — Si — O — Si — CH3
| |
CH3 CH3
Silicone
9. (d) On moving down a group the ionization enthalpies
generally decreases due to increase in atomic size and
screening effect which is more than to compensate the
effect of increase in nuclear charge. Consequently the
electron becomes less and less tightly held by the
nucleus as we move down the group. The sharp
decrease in ionization enthalpy from B to Al is due to
increase in size. In case of Ga, there are 10 d-electrons
in its inner electronic configuration. Since the
d-electrons shield the nuclear charge less effectively
than the s & p electrons, the outer electron are held
strongly by the nucleus. As a result the ionization
enthalpy increases slightly inspite of the increase in
atomic size as we move from Al to Ga. The similar
increase is also observed from In to Tl, which is due to
presence of 14f electrons in inner electronic
configuration of Tl which has poor shielding effect.
10. (b) In diborane, there are 12 valence electrons, three from
each boron atoms and six from the six hydrogen atoms.
The structure of B2H6 can be represented as
H H H 13 (Al) and group 14 (Si).
B B
H H H structure similar to graphite.
Bonding in diborane
The four terminal hydrogen atoms and two boron atoms
lie in the same plane. These four terminal B-H bonds
are regular 3C-2e bonds. Above and below the plane,
there are two bridging hydrogen atoms. Each boron
atom forms four bonds even though it has only three
electrons. The terminal B — H bonds are regular bonds
but the bridge B — H bonds are different.
Each bridge hydrogen is bonded to the two boron atoms
only by sharing of two electrons. Such covalent bond
is called banana bond.
11. (a) (i) Reaction of ammonia with diborane gives
initially B2 H6 .2NH3 which is represented as
[BH2 (NH3 )2]+[BH4]– which on further heating
gives borazine, B3N3H6 also called borazole.
473 K
3B2 H 6 + 6NH3 ¾¾¾® 2B3 N 3 H 6 + 12H 2
Diborane Barozole
(X) (Y)
inorganic benzene
CHEMISTRY
(ii) Diborane can be prepared by the reaction of BF3
with lithium aluminium hydride in diethyl ether.
4BF3 + 3LiAIH4 ® 2B2H6 + 3AIF3 + 3LiF
12. (b) Quartz, is a crystalline forms of silica. Quartz is
extensively used as a piezoelectric material.
13. (d) Sn and Pb can show two oxidation states i.e. +2 and
+4. These elements in +4 oxidation state behave as
oxidising agent, where as in +2 oxidation state behave
as reducing agent. The stability of +2 oxidation state
increases on moving down in a group i.e., reducing
character decreases from Ge (I) to Pb (II). i.e.,
Germanium salts are strongest reducing agent and
Pb(II) salt the weakest. Ge is much less abundant than
tin in nature. hence Sn (II) salts are widely used as
reducing agent.
14. (c) Carbon dioxide can be obtained as a solid in the form
of dry ice allowing the liquified CO2 to expand rapidly.
It is used to maintain the low temperature in laboratory.
Dry ice is solid CO2
15. (b) Cement is obtained by combining a material rich in lime
(CaO) with other material like silica SiO2 alongwith the
oxides of aluminium, iron and magnesium. The average
composition of cement is
CaO (50 – 60%)
SiO2 (20 – 25%)
Al2O3 (5 – 10%)
Fe2O3 (1 – 2%)
SO2 (1 – 2%)
MgO (2 – 3)%
Thus, it contains elements of group 2(Ca), group
NEET/AIPMT (2013-2017) Questions
16. (d) Boron nitride (BN) is known as inorganic graphite. The
most stable form is hexagonal one. It has layered
17. (b) Since Me3SiCl contains only one Cl, therefore it can’t
form high molecular mass silicon polymer. It can form
only dimer.
18. (a) SiO44– is basic structural unit of silicates.
19. (a) Feldspars are 3-dimensional alumino-silicates.
20. (b) Lower oxidation state become more stable on moving
down the group
Al < Ga < ln < Tl
21. (d) Inertness of ns2 electrons of the valence shell to
participate in bonding on moving down the group in
heavier p-block elements is called inert pair effect.
As a result, Pb(II) is more stable than Pb(IV)
Sn(IV) is more stable than Sn(II)
\ Pb(IV) is easily reduced to Pb(II) and can acts as an
oxidising agent whereas Sn(II) is easily oxidised to
Sn(IV) and can acts as a reducing agent.