QUTHM UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA a Centre for Diploma Studies DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING HIGHWAY AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING LABORATORY LAPORAN MAKMAL/LABORATORY REPORT pene eel HIGHWAY AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING ‘stent mca ajuk UialZ Title of Experiment_|FLAFINESS AND ELONGATION INDEK ‘ectrer/ Instructor Pion Ce NORNADIHAH GINTI_NOHAMMAD YA2IO Kumpular/Group |g poe Nama Ketua WAN MUHABRRO FATA | wo, mann Kumpulan (Group | {psya pin WAN PuTERA | NO-Matrk Leader Name SHAH AAD HY fone! ei eee ‘No. Matrik Penilaian / Assessment T] Poise Reys ADEN bint yuivan | A¥2I2¢E0 Bx 2 [sug TUHANISAR = |bInTi DAFARIA 312783 | anatysis/resut) | 75% 3 Perbincangan i {oiscussion) tals) “aie Uk Kesimpula coop tzprnen | 22 NOVENBER 23 eco) a Tarikh Hantat/ 00 cae arttton {Ue NovEMeEe 2003 [JUMAK/ Tora | 1 ULASAN PEMERIKSA/COMMENTS || [ COP DITERIMA/APPROVED STAMPTunem| Sacieneeaes | tees a ns ae srs = S| eet | megane can a Sees | SEE | eee | ss | eee | ne Cee Se at ad a © ‘pacha ‘vac ao 04 pac ee ee xe) a Pe ne mia ned eed ne | Fa Ry ofeees Seen emenes | Some ae naa acess oman S| ees | RIT | ES — a Fon S04, uye4y pure AeMYBIH :t060z Va (uo UOWSseSsy) aUGMy Hodew qey | WHIN@(QUTHM —_UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA Centre of Diploma Studies STUDENT CODE OF ETHIC (SCE) DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING CENTRE OF DIPLOMA STUDIES I, hereby confess that I have prepared this report on my own effort. | also admit not {0 receive or give any help during the preparation of this report and pledge that everything mentioned in the report is true. cp. ‘Student Signature Name; PUTER AKYA. ADRIONA BINTI..YHIUAN Matric No. : kA al2.cd0... Date 1"10 LABORATORY 3 AGGREGATE SHAPE TEST: FLAKINESS AND ELONGATION INDEX INTRODUCTION The patticle shape of aggregates is determined by the percentages of flaky and elongation particles. Flaky and elongation particles are considered undesirable as they cause weakness of the pavement, Rounded aggregates are preferred in cement concrete pavements as the workabilly of concrete improves. Regular shopes of parlicies are desirable for granular base course due fo increase stability desired from betterinterlocking. When the shape of aggregates deviates more from the spherical shape. as in the case of angular, flaky and elongation aggregate the void content increase and hence the grain size distribution of the aggregates hos to be suitable altered in order to obtain minimum voids in the dry mix on the ‘monimum density 1.1 Flokiness Index Aggregate particles are classified as floky when they have a thickness {smallest dimension] of less than 0.6 of their mean sieve size. The flakiness index of on aggregate sample is found by separating the flaky patlicies and expressing their mass as a percentage of the mass of the sample tested. Ths, tests nol applicable to cggregate passing 6.30mm sieve and retained os 63.0 mm sieve, 1.2 Elongation index ‘Aggregate particles ore classiied as elongation when they have a length {greatest dimension) of more than 1.8 of their mean sieve size. The elongation indexis found by separating the elongation particles and expressing their mess 05 a percentage of the mass of sample tested. The test is not applicable to ‘matetial passing 6.30 mm sieve or retained on 50 mm sieve,2.0 OBJECTIVE 3.0 40 4a To determine the flakiness and elongation indices of the given aggregate sample. ‘APPARATUS. 31 32 33 34 Metal length gauge Sieve Bolonce Tray Figure 1: Metal length gauges for elongation (above) and flakiness (below) PROCEDURE Flakiness Index 4d 4h Sieve sample with sieves mentioned in Table 1. Weight each of the \dividual size fraction |wi, w2, ws....] retained on these sieve, other than the 63.0 mm sieve and store them in separate trays marked with their size. Gauge each fraction from the respective slots in the thickness gauge weigh pieces which pass through the slots (x1, x2, X3...€1C.) L8324.2 Elongation Index 4.2. 422 Sieve the sample with sieve mentioned in Table 2. Weight each of the individual size fractions (ws, ws, Ws...) retained on these sieves other than the 50.0 mm sieve. Gauge each traction as follows, select the length gauge appropriate to the single fraction under test and gauge each particle separately by hand. Elongated particles are those whose greatest dimension prevent them from possing through the gauge. Weigh each fraction of which not pass through the gauge (yt, Ya Yarnmete) 5.0 FORM AND CALCULATION Size of Aggregate Weight on Weight on Passing Weight ofthe | aggregate in each | aggregate in each through Retained re Hen 2 fraction passing fraction retained on 0 atsieve raction (g) thickness gauge (g) | length gauge (9) sieve (mm) (WW) (mm) (40.X2,..90) (yryann¥) m @ @ @ © @ 2 0 a5 aS % % 2 2 14 1948 - 85 255-5 324.53 4 ¥0 WU 55 Wd oy 53.5 10 63 o68- 1b 26-4 Voy 32 soil 240+ Ie 345-4 452-1 Index Valve 395-44 Flakiness index = |i *2*%*~_|x199 | ————— ¥ 100 = 13-68 -7, Ww +H) + My +. BYOH-1G 45a gation Index= x 100 = 15-59 Jy Elongation Index ( Banualt. ae6.0 DISCUSSION 2) Determine whether the aggregates tested meets JKR requirement or not? The. .aggregates...Lested..d968...me6ks... IFR,...keguinement 'b) Discuss why flaky and elongated aggregates should not be used in road construction work? Mhove..larger...0pecifie,..ucfare...ared.r.which..AR6MLF Ai. aig Mer... demand...of..cemen!...paste..in..cement...conccate,..oik...N6S&. pardiGes..mpede...ckmpauisn...o%..reak...during..Lolltig..0.nd.... decease the Shengt of pavement larger - 7.0 CONCLUSION (Answer the objectives) Basedl.en.the,..ekjediin® fot Abts cxpetimen.15.40.idenlify. dle.flarmess..Aed, Along aildn..indet.af.dbe..oNEN.aggregals... camples.,.ubs..indenHfied,.Hoe Aavines.and.clougation. isnot. infiuensed.cach..cther.:.We got. ARE. AME. fot. dh8...larinest.index..1863.2/o..and. far. Ahs...2longanon. ind kX. is. WB4%Yo..s..Mok..th. ouch...different eth sen....bth..of. Hat...alu[es..... ond.beth walve....meets..dne., JER. seawicement.. Appendix LapsTable 1 [Ragregate Size Fracbon Wiatr of olin ickness | Wirimum mass for Best sieve nominal aperture size | Gauge or peda sieve sudsion 100% passing 100% passing mm mm mn ig 630 500 339203 0 500 a5 253203 % m5 230 ja7203 5 280 200 14d 2015 5 20 140 1022015 2 140 100 72204 1 100 63 49201 05 Table 2 agregate Sze Frocion Width of stn hickness ] —_ Ninna mass for BS test seve nominal apere ze | Gauge or special sive subvision To0% passing | 100% passng mm mm mm ig 500 m5 18703 % 315 230 580203 5 280 200 822015 5 200 140 3062015, 2 tao 100 216202 t oo 63 ‘47202 05 Lass