— ——— @ Difference blw strength and os. Gtangtn is ability of mantruel fe vi tovtong f9ed Tso Common near nusrtts of mremyrung go pitsbound 4003 ae Strung , vfo plosc de formato daitune(y) - Matemot [ > motemoh 2 (sArongt? FProughvers ic apitihg Ff poatenel be absorb enoryg vo frachtt’ In 4% otras - Strate cure, ara Under curve it mewn of nes: Maker ola > Material | (or ghrus ) Ay >A, Yo yids cHungth U> ULbrwate Shree gh| 9 wh4 iS AB Aas Comprumive strung of yencrere qurerrallg epealied 7 toncrate qaivs skrengin wits fire after oryivg - lt ees mur fre ko qaive [00/- otyengtr ound pls Ere 16 unknown Rate of goin op concrae comprenive shrengin hight” during ft ab dngs of carting and fron iE Shows das - a4 ! 16 es t 5 ie 28 44 Be giver wie voto, either Unowae in coment wnturk ot aggregate grading inuneares consistency. Wide is better 2 @ giver vie robo, weruronrge in AQ4 Ve Gre grading +0 inc consistency of aggregate mink une bez quati£y of aggregate depends on groke ov qroding: _g™®es, 44, However, gif 1s recommended to Adit the aggregate grading ralher moatent Tus 1S bez inc’ the ment cortenp con Lend to seve rol > incwared heat of ny dr oki on = piqghert yrdnoee > higher cost Adjusting 049 grading cam help to create oa form clistributi on of parhcles in Invproves packing ond reduces fhow inc’ dhe Carrens ve vere Qur nda mor Wt mirntne whicn~ vod. QB Why nor desirable to preducer contrete mite of Higher Conssteneg tran der necma — Reduced ckrengtr due to hiqler eter content > Wiqhet ve peremeability (veids> 7 waney ort 7 environrentoL concern 7 2ee not ic the Shams dighubuhion , in a specemnn ganecte? fo indisecl kension just prior to Q. Too mudn coarse aggregate and Litthe Pine aggreqese in Lenore mistine. whot prebleny an uw expect) : yweroh problems On “aralse, he, frye one hardened yoke of concrete, 3 pre Wworkobilibg (diffiurt to place and Wrsopidote rosutling in forrmohonw of voids, honeglombing & poon gunface ¥ fing) 7 Segregation Charre aggregate settles down hesuwting in nen uniform dished bution. Red ucadk duarrobi Liky (Aeys fine aggregate tes Pormeobi Li ky Tooroen ) ~~sRedued strong (mag not guwe daxired strangth det ko unewen diggrabubion) > Inuwasd coding (tao & ghrd nhoge coding & thermal cracking) BZ wnids facterrA wilh rewlt in Higher shreongtt; at @) aon? y () yoter cement ratio 0-5 vs 0-4 “ Wie (b) moist warcing tennprcoture ase vs 10C Fras a8 dag or \ NN | hem? 10 20 30 |ise? v wt ughvdet 150 by3oo VS 1% bg 150mm j ins | { ope with ymallere “AL Qiveys higher fo’ “ : sting yedwan in saturated condition vs pir dry gtrong hs of tonceute ig Wighla influenced by ve yohio. wren concrete ig Und In, satuvaked | por dihena beter Wydrakien of ment port ches. 5 ywot is Durability? temporud to otner unnidercation , eo much incportance dent * be given fo duvabi Lity in dete vewnd rerstrunchon of concrete Structurwas 7 mspurodi Lik is ability tf wonuwte to reich Aterierabien and maintain its structure overt Kinne, Auspite exporure fo various environmental ond pte Factores Welr os mosh, Chon cor ete: Durability jg a crurcial factor and rts importance jg commidared egal fo otter meee EES cle Os fen , wrorek@bilify § cost. |Lack of duxabili hg, Vv serwice Life PR maintainance yest YL aestrebo appet dekerrerahen occ From tre Surface worat ig dre bypicot in sean chruacturs 7. pe? Concrete 4S ceonbolly wed in sorkal anh otf shore strunetures poner if is directly exposed Ho 8 yoater and Cnomicols present in pater ond wil in we contact wit yookerte bruuchure THe serrereete €tfects + | 5 pn the curfant, Prom wechonicol attr On and inspact of wanes ln pre fdol zone, ertenmve domoge OCcArrd WP auc to cnystallization of salts within conoralt| due to condshons of auernade weHing and ing Wave APN cCousers obrarion, ee> pus to attack of dimolwed chomi cats on product ef waclrtation ef ebrment, me oo Mort prominent ef dese is Hee Gubphote atta where Na, & Mg and unm rk unr wphotes reat to produce products of renckons Which and very expansive in nature and 3 to disruption of concrete hides tdolzene mHomwerge > and cracking . a ale tore patti Lew bide exposes spe ft alr o> re teehee quyshot —> creme gence an Sale corgstetcy inks Shiean Cra ng g withn hale pozrolonic won, explain why wider given conditions tomparad fo port howd comont , powthond porzolana, and portland blosk Purrace Uments are Likely 4? product Lenuwtie with Wigher ulbrote strength and superiere ducyouei Lag do Ylphate attack Id: Te pozzolanic man, iS a dremicot ran tat OCeurts whin oO pozrzohon mofUUal Gur as Flyomn or shag is mixed with (Calon), in prasene of water: This Ten Tesutts in formation of additionot CSH. Compared 40 OPC, PCC ond PREC Lontaun porzohonic moaterriad (Pty orn, clog) whith can react with Glo), during pozrolani ~ ae it, WN. bale> emhane g¢trength £ durabits hy > % beng tacm strange > duce amount of Calon), which Ler chency of gulphate attack cubprote Lan react wit Col0Ma tohuwn wprote frot con lows cracking’ to form > f workabititg , v luat of Ingdnation , VY carcbon foot print: Q To eblain strangtr of AOMPa at FAays Frome concrete Cost in Srinagar in december ms pt ot from concrete Cart jn Brehanuwar in Moq, new to cheese min consi tvents indudivg addibiver 4, ‘ Hot weothert tment bype > hype HT, high eérungth of eariy age hype TD, nigh 7° ef CyS, early Shtengt gain a. 7 —Spa gre ye 7 pecatly ava bol Clara L debree Fret, appropwate gradation ratert > (old pestable water, free of inpun ty , tae, laqued Nr fdrurdure > needed £0 improve Setting bine workability » red we w/e rao water reducing admin. (Super plash cre r) acce Leyakov tela KWDHLY Coan > sane oA qre gake fame water => porn » ok tam Advanta > Same a kuepevature on sething firme ef cenurete - what Is moe efficient wag of ruducing Ane temp oP a free concrete ria 2 Wremp can Wore om aqnipicant etfect on sung re of concrete: Discus chet of As temp Fe, tre Chemical rour of woncreke accelerates Caumang jh £0 cet and narden quick Ly weTu radsute lemp, Outed wolee , lee, lay yulrogen , wong , for, Evaporah ve cooling »Mishing. whol is sigqrificana of SU wompachne | tenuwle ko wrstuc® industry? what changes howe bo be modl in We mene propertti ons fore mohung self compachng?, wes ole ig Oo dkype ee concrete that is obhe to Pew and PLL in ott spacts vfo fre need of \@ vibrobion or wmpachen - wed in > complex Frames shape Formwork ond whew ruinforument is densely packed . berehis > * wrsbirchon effuenty, L tabouy st, F quality 5 finish. of conc ub noise pollution , JY workers expose to vibroh on cnonges ke be made: t fine aggregate Low Laarre aggregate } ugh amount of powder mokerial (Cement ) , | capplersrorg Gmentitious materials bm) , pd wpertplor Uzere .mt il oo es wg. Compasud fo wormol cencemse of Hw some wie rato , gkructural Light wt uncre te wets Yrow bis tondanuy Ho crack Khy’) po SLO ckruchrol ght wt convute 1S made by raplaung seme noywal wt comerete wt 0g gre gates with Light wt- aggregates Ex’ expanded Wales, a4 pr ghokt, Pueperches SLC > Lowert lorchy higher poro sty anyon Wweff rent contrach on de SEL - cic hee loc Hrermoal exp This MmeONA Loy fo tump change > Lew Hermoat capaci hy dus bo inkernoh ct as presmure reliep expansion & => High fonyte Strain voids & pores Feras a nalves and ohwrb ronnte Stress - + plows morsture 4d reducing freezing B Higher perrmuani 4 kg Larilg ope AALS ark Yrowing damage:& foure non dvs Pructive methods fore enolmalion ef conuwte qpratity 1) UPV + Ubtra conic pulse velouhg | measur Sed ef sound wanes db ergs eoncr the (dv fecks) WD) Redeund Hommey tod. Hit wit epedal hammer, measures yebound fortce (nardnen & strength) iii) Elockrical verishvitg test - ruloled bo percosity ond moisture content jv) Ground penetrating wroday — v4 Hadar to measure Unange in denvity and Lor O41 bi on - & what is principle advantage of Using hore reinforced wencrete? Improve rtougwem & revistanw to cracking pores calor ’ SATLAEL Me under Planerat OF fenwite 3 “ Dorurnfoncoment astem snot can bridget SNgmat AMS , din pate eneryy, distr butes chess ower EAE an acgutye propertes (erase) Hreugh var ours . prochart on dapending on hegre geometry ze nd content of He Fibre. Generate] Improve the bond blw concrete motrnin 8 yen forcing bar. enhance duchiliky, Hresmal stabi lig » fre resistors impack rwvistau cl:8 : selon. feo" roms SVE V\\U\ VOY mye Cathode Go, 4 Hd +2e7 > ROH” a fe fem ae 27 ane vomumed, Ran tf 0, Occurs Cotredes con be He ewrface of reinfoscoment yhare it iS expord to meicthue £ Or DProvenkive measures ! (> Provide adequate uncerete (overt hf. steek reinforcement > protect it fom pene ingens! ef mosture & contaminands . _, Provide Lsreronton resistant steel and wate? ctecl bar. Reducing permenhi lily and porosity by ving dew W/o . (Catecum nitrole)) PF > Adding Wotuteven inhibitor or adminture 4not con forum O prokective Layer on HAL Gurcfae f He Steel ond reduce fre rate ce aof On Heduch On - _> Euctro Wang 5 Grune propere dHainage £ ventilation £0 mninine He accumtal’ . corbenOtion on of moisture and > Requiovtlg mointain £ mronikor tw concrete structure 4 MetoLLic, OTGoNniC , powder canting. Ov}msrodic protec” is often wed bo mitigate conrowen damage bo achve metel yur facts . Conmorion ig coud when 2 disimirarc mel, ane whmerged in an electreo LAC Wbsfance CAA as woter, ek or conurete - This bype oP metal conducting path blew & digrimiLar metals ablows a pathway Fert eee to trowel. If fruce” Prom the anede do nat reach active vse fu on catrocte befove Muivol of Or, jarrse@ achive “te Can Hen Meconmbine fo preduce ferrous hydsromidg 1-€', wh,Galvanic Cothodic —macn protection 7 IL 18 & Uorrtoxien prevention methsa tHrat wer eleckrendrennicod magus to prented fat boxe material From corvenen: | lk does wet this trvougin tre use Of gacrificiat anode trot corvedes betove He | ee emrplo-ged Powms of cotredic protect on ber of ks ease of Use. gacriPicral anode ig more olectto cnarmicoy reathve fran motenat to be protected: