DRAWING APPLICATIONS ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWSLIGLeonado da Vinci - back in the 1500's was a great inventor and produced thousands of drawings and sketches (4,200) of various inventions including the human muscular system. Many of his drawings include "Multiple Views" to help explain how something worked and it is thought that he invented the "Orthographic Projection" principle but the credit actually goes to an french mathematician Gaspard Monge (1746 - 1818) Detail ofan ink drawing: Ambrosini Mlan Wa A design for a movable bridge The main purpose of an Orthographic Drawing, is to allow the manufacturer to see the DIMENSIONS so that the product can be manufactured with accuracy. Effectively a set of rules needed to be made so that everyone in the Drawing Business were all talking the same language and could all understand each other's drawings. 1) Lets Start off with a simple house 2) How to go about drawing it?WinCE 3) Place the house in a 3 sided box - we will call them three planes (3 Dimensions) t Hinges ry 1D, MBIA sey WO kA . \ View ‘B' from here A Z View ‘A’ from here 4)Then view the house from the various arrows and paste the images you see on the opposite walls.5) Now remove the house, unfold the box at the hinges and you will have the following picture 6) This is the foundation of the "First Angle Orthographic View" 7) Below is how the drawing will appear on the drawing board showing how the views "borrowed" dimensions from each other to help them assemble Understanding this the entire drawing principle is vital to your future, in understanding the subject of drawing From this drawing a good craftsman can create the entire house! End View (Side) Top View (Plan) Symbol for First Angle Orthographic View (these measurements)Where to begin with Orthographic Drawing: All orthographic drawings have an X - Y line and an X’ - Y" line as shown below x’ The darkness of these lines should be much like a dimension line or a dotted line: Not as dark as an outline but not as light as a construction line. x Y ly 20 mm (min) | 20 mm (min) Front x! Side A minimum of 20mm distance must be kept between the X-Y and X'-Y' Lines and the item being drawn x Y = E e 3 N A Plan (Top View)8) To see if you understand the principle do the following exercises on the two sheets provided. By counting squares, draw freehand on squared paper, in first angle orthographic projection, a front elevation, a side elevation, and a plan of each of the objects shown on the page below. In each case the front elevation is shown when looking in the direction of the arrow.9) Take an A3 sheet of paper, place it landscape on your board and as previously instructed, place a 15mm border neatly around it adding a title block to the bottom right hand comer with all the required details neatly printed there-on. The title can be "ORTHOGRAPHIC”, 10) The two figures below show an isometric view of an object. In each case do not copy the given view, but draw, in first angle orthographic projection, the following three views: i) a front elevation i) a side elevation aplan © Show all Hidden detail by means of broken (dotted) lines © Spread the dimensions over the three views. (don't put them all on one view) In each case the front elevation is as seen when looking in the direction of the arrow.11) Your Drawings should look something like the Drawings shown below. 25 x’ 54 50 18 18 36 Note: These examples are not to scale but have been reduced to fit onto the page. 24 54 Y Note: Do not write "Plan", and "Side View"on your drawing. The symbol below explains it ! You get this!To assist you in your understanding of Orthographic Projection Principles, consider the following: Dimensional ity Below is an Isometric view and three orthographic views of a simple object. Understand the concept? x! — 4 | Z| " x LENGTH BREADTH Y za The two figures below show an isometric view of an object. In each case do not copy the given view but draw, in first angle orthographic projection, the following three views: i) a front elevation (front view) ii) a side elevation (end view) _ ii) a plan (top view) Show all Hidden detail by means of broken (dotted) lines. Spread the dimensions over the three views. In each case the front elevation is as seen when looking in the direction of the arrow. cA ~. Use your DIMENSION notes to dimension your orthographic drawing - not the dimensions as the drawings above