POCKETS
TUCKS AND DARTS
BUTTONHOLES
Front
Scoop
Pocket
Welt Pocket
Welt pocket
with Flap
Ss
CS
Patch
Pocket,
with Bellows
STRETCH BAND NECKLINES
S_— am _
Crew Mock Turtle
SHIRT COLLARS
Flat Collar Rolled Collar
y —
Convertible
|
Drawings by Sumi Lee
Pocket eee
Fish-ye Dart
ested SSSREED shit sutonnote
cm ~| | dO
Key Shirt
Hole Buttonhole Bound
Buttonhole
Self and
Release Tucks
Pin Tucks
SHIRT AND BLOUSE CUFFS
D
-
Turtle locket
Lapped
; &
Fitted Cuff French Cuff Rolled Cuff
Mandarin Collar
BUTTON IN HIDDEN PLACKET
Collar Band
fashion flatsBasic Seams
For those who sew, the fact that pattern pieces are attached together with
seams is a very obvious fact. But for the rest of us, how seams function may
be a bit of a mystery. Of course, we know our jeans have an inseam, and a
side seam, but that is about it. Seams are one of the tools that can add con-
tent to your work, so understanding their versatility is a good thing. Study the
flats shown in this section to understand the many
types of seams and their uses. Notice that side Flared Skirt Pencil Skirt
seams will not be shown on front and back flats.
Many garments
have CENTER
FRONT SEAMS,
NOTE that
seams can be used
instead of darts,
which is often more
interesting,
This skirt is
gathered into Seams to Create Tiers ‘Seams for Fit
the waistband
seam.
Gored Skirt Dirndl Skirt Godets
This seam is
Indicative of a
side panel,
which provides
better fit and
replaces the
side seam.
Skirts divided into panels of
various numbers ~ this is an ‘Seams can be opened
tight-gore skirt ~ are a classic Upto add extra fabric
use of seaming cated GODETS.
Flared Gored Skit
— Zippers are
eaeead A set-in sleeve follows
eat closely withthe line
of the shoulder.
Most tailored shirts
have a separate seam
il for a cuff.
‘These seams are shaped A placket is usually sewn to the
to add more volume Center front of the shirt or blouse.
‘Note: Any of these flats can be utlized as templates.
fashion flatschapter 3
Gathers, Folds, and Drapes
The next tools we will want to add to our flat toolbox are gathers, folds, and
Grape. The three are inextricably linked because gathering any cloth will result
in some kind of fold or some form of drape. The terms fold and drape are
sometimes used interchangeably, but | use folds for more controlled shapes,
as in the sleeve (see example A) and drape for fabric that falls into natural
folds from fixed points as in the bodice. We will consider tucks to be a close
cousin of gathering as the results are very similar,
There are some basic “structures” to folds and drape that it pays to be
aware of, The first is called a half-lock drape, and we see a subtle example of
itin our bodice (A). When a drape folds over on itself, that can be called a half-
lock. The Victorians loved to add a large quantity of various drapes to their
dresses and this one offers another example of half-lock.
1. HALF-LOCK DRAPE 2. COWL DRAPE
COWL NECKLINE
B ) Only certain very ur second basic structure is a
j soft fabrics ike cow! drape. For a basic cov, fabric
jersey or charmeuse is anchored at two points and the
‘could drape with drop in between creates multiple
auch we on folds. But as you see in our example
Semcon as (8), you can also anchor at many
points and create more complex
Grapes. This drape also is beautiful
on the back of a garment, or any-
where on a skit
Gathers: Fabric is pulled together
at regular intervals by thread, gener-
ally along a predetermined line.3. PIPE DRAPE
Our third basic structure is the pipe drape,
which drops from its anchor point or
points to a series of rounded folds.
4. BIAS DRAPE OR CASCADE
This drape is extremely handy because it
can add a graceful look to all kinds of gar-
ments and accessories.
5. ZIGZAG DRAPE
Thisis similar to the cowl drape, but they crisscross,
6. SPIRAL FOLDS
Ye é 7
WS gg
Spiral folds can wrap around an arm or
leg as shown in this shirred sleeve, or
the fabric itself can be twisted into folds.
MORE EXAMPLES OF
ELABORATE GATHERS
Note how the AND DRAPE
drape originates
primarily at two
points.
More Basic and
Complex Drapes
—_ [7ONE-WAY PLEATS ACCORDION PLEATS: SUNBURST PLEATS
(A box pleat is in the middle.)
Pleat Variations
Pleats are a lovely, classic design detail that never go out of style.
Familiarize yourself with all the variations, and take note when you see
them used by current designers to analyze how they make them look
new again
‘SUNBURST PLEAT
Pigats can be set in almost
anywhere on a garment.
INVERTED PLEAT
LOOSE PLEATS BOX PLEATS
The pleats are released from Cheerleaders costumes and school uni-
the seam and are not forms for young girs often include a skit Pleats can be used in unexpected
pressed flat. with box pleats. and dramatic ways.
chapter 3‘SOFT RAYON
CIRCLE SKIRT
(Partially on Bias)
ELASTIC CASING
RUFFLED TRIM sates rules) SHREDDED MIXED FABRICS
‘AND UNEVEN LAYERS
Drawing Ruffles
Although there is a recognizable structure to ruffles
in general, they are stil complex to draw and should
be carefully studied, as there is quite a variety of
“looks.” The kind of fabric makes a big difference, of
course. Ruttlas of soft crepe de chine are “drapey” The Victorians loved
and unstructured: those of medium-weight wool ‘ules, and used
hold their shape them rather freely, as
do the feminine Goth
kids in Japan today.
RUFFLES: STEP-BY-STEP
1. Establish your holding line
2. Skeichin your rufle shapes.
3. Connect them and make
necessary adjustments. Try
for a pleasing “rhythm.”
4. It can work equally well to
establish the ruffle hem, then
draw the rufties,
Note: Uneven ruffles stil have to
flow naturally from one to the
next.Swimwear Templates
Center Tie ‘Scoop Bottom
Low Waist Boy Cut
Keyhole Halter
Tanktop Bra
—_ ["
Flats by Sumi LeeSwimwear Design Notes
Designing and drawing swimwear has some of the same aspects as a math problem. As you go around the body, all the
elements have to “add up” to a cohesive silhouette that makes sense from every angle. Its fun for example, to draw bold
designs with plunging necklines, but you also have to consider if your potential customer is going to fall out of the suit the
minute she raises her arm. One of the best ways you can research swimwear design is to visit a good swim store or depart-
‘ment and try on as many different suits as you can. if you're a guy, get a friend to help you. Note the way the suit edges are
finished, and how they fit. Take notes of what works and doesn't work, and review them before you do your own designs.Alternative Angles
The examples on this page are all female fashion eyes, but
the perspective principles will, of course, apply to both
genders. The male eyebrow will be closer to the eye, with
less arch, and the eyes will be more angular.
1. Eyes must look in the same direction.
2. Eyebrows sit on the same arc that is the brow.
3. The eye behind the nose must be slightly smaller due to
the effects of perspective.
‘THREE-QUARTER EYES
EYE STRUCTURE
This aaa ofthe bow
OOS stays light
The ey
a shadow.
Female eyes turn
up slightly for
additional glamour.
The foreshortened
eye is compressed,
and the irs is an oval
We see more of the
eyelid and less of the eye.
The three-dimensional
aspect of the eyelid
is very clear from this,
< angle.
The pupil is a very
compressed oval.
EXTREME THREE-QUARTER EYES
Note the angles,
of the essential
‘eye shapes:
Note how the
eyelid wraps.
around the aye.
There is always
‘some shadow
around the eye
socket.Alternative Angles
Se
a
Mm
ee
4 MALE THREE-
eel QUARTER MOUTH
QUARTER MOUTH
Keep in mind that the front plane
of the face is round, not flat, so a 1
three-quarter mouth is wrapping Create a halt
around the plane, not sitting on a football shape.
straight line.
a
‘Shape lips, noting
how lower ip drops
back.
‘An open mouth can
make a male face more
expressive as well, AS 7
with a female muse, ‘Add shadow on
avoid the necessity of lower planes,
drawing teeth, s
3
PROFILE MALE MOUTH
4
Upper lip
is darker.
PROFILE FEMALE MOUTH
fashion headsHAIRLINE
Divide top halt of
Halfling head 1/3 down,
EYES
Divide egg in halt
vertically and
B= horizontally.
N NOSE LINE
pe Divide tower haf
Bottbm into hai (slightly less
‘of Mbputh space on top),
MOUTH LINE
Divide in hat from
the nase line down.
1. Begin with an egg-shaped oval
(Aittle wider at the top). Divide
into sections as shown.
4. Add glamorous fashion features,
‘thinking about makeup and propor-
tion. Add hair, trying to achieve a
rhythm in the tine quality.
2, Shape the face: Shape cheekbones,
jaw, and chin; add ears from A to B;
and sketch in neck column,
o) -})
ow
=a
>
Note: The neck
is narrower than
the jaw.
3. Block in the features.
Sketch the eyebrow
line, eye shapes (one
eye apart), bottom of
nose, and mouth
shape.
5. Add tone as needed. You do not have
to put strong shadows on a
female face (can be aging).
Step-by-Step Front View
Fashion Heads
Even if you work primarily with tracing in the begin-
ning, you will want to understand the facial propor-
tions and keep them in mind as you work. It is easy
for drawings to become distorted if the basic struc-
ture and feature placement is not recognized.
chapter 4
‘Note: These same proportions for feature placement
apply to the male fashion face as well. Of course,
proportions will vary slightly from face to face, and
you will be making adjustments even for faces that
look perfect in the photo. The most common mis-
take is to drop the mouth too low, so pay careful
attention to that placement.Head Tipped Slightly Up
Fashion illustrators tend to like the upturned head be-
cause it conveys a sense of glamour and drama. It
also can be very tricky to pull off, especially the more
extreme angles.
Straight Three-Quarter Head
Facial Planes and Perspective Checklist
1. The eyes are looking in the same direction.
2. The ball of the nose is indicated
3. The features are in perspective.
Rounded
Female
Forehead “ft Lo
Zygomatic
Arch
Cheekbone:
Cheek:
Chin
y Note: The rather complex contours
of the three-quarter face,
This diagram shows the planes of the
three-quarter faces. Note how the eye-
ball sets in the socket and is encircled
‘The eyebrows sit on an
arc. The cheekbones curve
toward the corners of the
mouth. On a three-quarter by the eyelid
view, we see the neck The dotted lines indicate the perspec-
emerge from behind the tive issues that come with turning the
ear, which attaches at an head. All the features must sit on these
angle to the head, imaginary lines.Female Profiles ragay test?
ihity Less |
than 1/2 E032 ~
helen
of the throat (A to B). B
1. Sketch head shape
and neck. Divide as
shown,
This is the
key angle for
profiles. The
features must
trop back or
the face will have
“lantern jaw.”
z
j
3. This diagram emphasizes the
strong curves between the fea-
tures of a female face. If the
y spaces are more angular, the
face becomes more masculine.
Don't be afraid SEMI-PROFILE
to stylize! It will Note that this view is not a pure profile, You can recognize
make your work this when the second eye is in view. The shaded area is the
7 unique. plane that would not be seen in a true profile. Also note that
the very full upper lip is even with the nose.
Profiles, Step by Step
ae
2. Sketch features, using propor-
tion guidelines. Note angles of
‘eye, nose to chin, and eat.
Structure
sos |Head Tilted Down
Checklist
ay
2
3.
Contours titt down with the
angle of the head,
Features are placed on
these contours,
Less neck is seen because
head is lowered
More top of head is seen,
Ears are placed higher on
the head.
chapter 4
These alternative angles tend to be more
challenging. in order to draw them correctly,
you must pay attention both to the contour
changes and the feature foreshortening
However, the use of such angles can make
your work more visually exciting, and you
Can fee! good about mastering a new draw-
ing ski
This angle is close to a pro-
file, but stil showing a bit of
the right piane.
Note that when you
draw the face from
one of these angles,
you first draw the
structure of the
cheekbone-to-jaw
area, then the fea
tures sit behind.