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    7700 - Theory of Operation

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    AlejandraGomez

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    c Theory of Operation Power On Compact ‘When you press on-switch S39, LED 39 illuminates and K1 on PCB B111 energizes. Power relay K1 energizes AC passes to T1. T1 is tapped to provide 90V AC to both NG1 and NG? of the power plate assembly. Seventy milliseconds later, K2 energizes permitting current to bypass RI. The RC time ‘constant established by R3 and C1 on PCB B79 creats the 70ms delay. In addition, when you press on-switch $39, you generate signal -KON(B). This signal rotates the monitor to the home position when power is applied. The monitor rotation to the home position also ‘occurs by pressing each monitor rotation switch, $20 and S21, at the same time. Series ‘When you press on-switch $51, LED 52 illuminates and K1 on PCB B111 energizes. Power relay K1 in the C-arm and power relay K3 in the Workstation energize passing AC to the C-arm T1 and the Workstation T!. T1 on the C-arm is tapped to provide 90VAC to NGI of the power plate assembly. Seventy milliseconds later K2 in both the C-arm and Workstation energize permitting current to bypass R1. This 70ms develops through the RC time constant established by R3 and C1 on PCB B79. In addition, when you press on-switch $39, you generate signal -KON(B). This signal rotates the monitor to the home position on power up. However, monitor rotation to the home position also occurs by pressing each monitor rotation switch, $20 and S21, at the same time. Power Off Compact ‘When you press off-switch $40, K1 de-energizes on PCB B111. This removes power from Tl. Series ‘When you press off-switch $52 on the Workstation or $40 on the C-arm relays K1 on both the Work- station and C-arm de-energize. Power relay K1 on the C-arm and K3 on the workstation then de-ener- gize removing AC power to both the Workstation and C-Arm. Emergency Off Compact / Series ‘When you press emergency off switch $27, K1 is de-energized on PCB B111. This removes power- from the main transformer T1. The emergency off switch is in series with the system off switch. System Warm-up and Generator Error Compact / Series ‘The system requires a 30 second warm-up period before X-ray production. The warm-up sequence visually displays as a blinking warm up indicator on the control panel. The control logic on PCB B100 consisting of PAL U3, timer Ul4 and inverter U13 provides the signal -WARMLED necessary to illu- oe ‘inate the warm-up indicator. After 30 seconds the signal goes high and extinguishes the warm-up OI Len indicator. Once the warm-up is complete X-rays production may occur. If the temperature indicator does not extinguish or illuminates during an exposure an error condition exists. _ This condition can generally be attributed to: either the monoblock temperature is greater that 158 degrees F or there is no tube current. To determine if you have an “Over Temperature” ot a “No Tube Current” condition monitor U2 pins 2 and 3 on PCB B43. If U2 pin 3 is a logic low an “Over Temper- ature” fault exists. If U2 pin 2 is a logic low a “No Filament Current” fault exists. C-Arm Lift Operation Compact / Series ‘When you press up-switch $26/S29, you generate signal -KCUP. This signal travels to PCB B100. On this PCB the signal becomes +INCUP and +CUP and eventually leaves the collector of Tl as -CUP. This signal exits PCB B100 and passes through the upper limit switch to the normally closed contacts, of relay KS pin 3 on PCB B10S. The -CUP signal energizes the current control relay KI, direction control up relay K2 and current enable up relay K4. These three relay’s, along with the normally closed contacts of the direction control down relay K3, provide a path for the +24VDC out of BRI, located in the power plate assembly, to activate the motor. C-Arm Down Compact / Series ‘When you press down-switch $25\$30, you generate signal -KCDOWN. This signal enters PCB B100 where it becomes +INCDOWN and +CDOWN and leaves the collector of T2 as CDOWN, This signal exits PCB B100 and passes through the lower limit switch to the normally closed contacts, of K4 pin 3 on PCB B105. The -CDOWN signal energizes the current control relay K1, direction con- ‘rol down relay K3 and current enable down relay KS. These three relays, along with the normally =) closed contacts of the direction control up relay K2, provide a path for the +24VDC out of BR1, located in the power plate assembly, to activate the motor. C-Arm No Movement - (Emergency off) Compact / Series ‘The normally closed contacts of the direction control down relay K3 and the normally closed contacts of the direction control up relay K2 place a ground potential on both sides of the lift motor. Collimator Control eee Compact / Series ‘When you press switch $15, you generate the signal -IBZU (manual collimator iris close). This signal travels through PCB B100 to the keyboard interface and control logic on PCB B101. The keyboard interface and iris control logic consist of buffer US, PAL's U2, U3, transistor T7 and NAND gate U9. ‘These components receive the keyboard and control panel selection signals and provide the control signals necessary to activate the appropriate relays required to open and close the iris collimator. Sig- nal -IBZU inverts to+RBLMIN. This signal passes through the normally closed contacts of K7 and energizes relay K6. The output of K6 is a pulsed signal called -MIBZ. This signal passes through PCB 'B100 and the filter board to PCB B45 where it activates the drive circuit relay K6. The activation of K6 applies +16VDC to the iris motor. De-energized relay K5 on PCB B45 provides the return path to ‘ground. ‘When you press switch $18, you generate the signal -IBAUF (manual collimator iris open). This sig- rnal passes through PCB B100 to the keyboard interface and control logic on PCB B101. It exits the control logic as +RBLPLU and inverts at U1 on PCB B101 to activate the iris open relay KS. From relay KS the pulsed signal -MIBA passes through PCB B100 and the filter board to the drive circuit relay KS on PCB B4S. This applies +16VDC to the iris motor. De-energized relay K6 on PCB B45 provides the return path. Normal Compact / Series In the normal mode, the iris collimator defaults to the nine-inch position. The keyboard interface and control logic, consisting of buffer US,PAL’s U2, U3, transistor T7 and NAND gate U9, activates the appropriate relays necessary to establish the desired iris positioning signal (refer to relay truth table 1). The actual iris position signal (POTIM) comes from the iris potentiometer located on the collima- tor assembly. These signals feed to the iris comparator circuit that consists of the voltage divider net- work R52 and R2 and iris close comparator U6 and iris open comparator U7. ‘The difference between the desired iris position (applied to R52) and the actual iris position (applied to R2) causes the itis comparators to either activate iris close relay K6 ot iris open relay KS. The cor- responding drive signal, either pulsed open (-MIBA) or pulsed closed (-MIBZ), passes through PCB 'B100 and the filter board to the drive circuit on PCB B45 that controls iris motor direction. Once the desired and actual iris positions match, a ground potential exists on both sides of the iris collimator motor. Hand Compact / Series ‘When you press switch $34, LED 34 illuminates and you generate the signal -KHAND. This signal passes through PCB B100 and exits PCB B100 as-KHA in route to the keyboard and control logic on PCB B101 (Compact). The -KHAND signal passes through the keyboard interface and control logic on PCB B100 and exits this PCB as +HANDMO (Series). The keyboard interface and iris control logic, consisting of buffer US,PAL's U2, U3, transistor T7 and NAND gate U9, receives each signal and activates the appropriate relays necessary to establish the desired iris positioning signal (refer to relay truth table 1). The actual iris position signal (POTIM) comes from the iris potentiometer located on the collimator assembly. These signals feed the iris comparator circuit that consists of the voltage divider network R52 and R2 and iris close comparator U6 and iris open comparator U7. The difference between the desired iris position (applied to R52) and the actual iris position (applied to R2) causes the iris comparators to either activate iris close relay K6 or iris open relay KS. The cor- 33 Pound responding drive signal, either pulsed open (-MIBA) or pulsed closed (-MIBZ), passes through PCB B100 and the filter board to the drive circuit on PCB B4S that controls iris motor direction. Once the desired and actual iris positions match, a ground potential exists on both sides of the iris collimator Y motor. ‘Compact / Series For MAGI, press switch $19, LED 19 illuminates and you generate the signal -KMAG. This signal centers PCB B100 where it inverts and renamed as +MAG. The +MAG signal travels to the keyboard interface and control logic on PCB B101. The keyboard interface and control logic, consisting of buffer US, PAL's U2, U3, transistor T7 and NAND gate U9, activates the appropriate relays necessary to establish the desired iris positioning signal (refer to relay truth table 1), For MAG2, press switch S19 and switch $34. LEDs 19 and 36 illuminate and the signals -KMAG and -UNAND ate generated. These signals enter PCB B100 where they invert and rename as +MAG and +NANDMO. The signals travel to PCB B101 where the Control Logic activate the appropriate relays (refer to Relay Truth Table 1). ‘The actual iris position signal (POTIM) comes from the iris potentiometer located on the collimator assembly. These signals feed the iris comparator circuit that consists of voltage divider network R52 and R2 and iris close comparator U6 and itis open comparator U7. ‘The difference between the desired iris position (applied to R52) and actual iris position (applied to R2) causes the iris comparators to either activate iris close relay K6 or iris open relay K5. The corre- sponding drive signal, either pulsed open (-MIBA) ot pulsed closed (-MIBZ), passes through PCB B100 and the filter board to the drive circuit on PCB B45 that controls iris motor direction. Once the actual and desired iris positions match, a ground potential exists on both sides ofthe iris collimator wy motor. im Compact / Series ‘When you press switch S4, LED 4 illuminates, and you generate the signal -KDA. This signal enters the keyboard interface and control logic on PCB B100. It exits this PCB as -DA* and enters the key- bboard interface and control logic on PCB B101 that places the system in the film mode. The keyboard interface and control logic on PCB B101 will initiate iris collimator movement if you press switch S3. (This switch is only available on system SN 142 and earlier). When you press switch $3, LED 3 illu- ‘minates, and you generate the signal -BL24. This signal travels to the keyboard interface and control logic on PCB B100 and from there to the keyboard interface and control logic on PCB B101. On PCB BIOI the appropriate relays are activated to move the iris collimator to the desired 24cm (9.4”) posi- tion once the hand switch is pressed to make the film exposure. When the film exposure concludes, the iris collimator moves back to its previous position. If you select the film mode and no new itis collimator position, the collimator will maintain its current position and will change with the manual iris collimator switches on the control panel. ‘The difference between the desired iris position (applied to R52) and actual iris position (applied to R2) causes the iris comparators to either activate iris close relay K6 or iris open relay KS. The comre- sponding drive signal, either pulsed open (-MIBA) ot pulsed closed (-MIBZ), passes through PCB B100 and the filter board to the drive circuit on PCB B45 that controls iris motor direction. Once the actual and desired iris positions match, a ground potential exists on both sides of the iris collimator motor. OU 34 CULL Mead Shutter And Rotation Motor Drive Control Compact / Series Switch’s $13 and $16 control shutter operation. When you press switch $13 you generate the shutter close signal -SBZU. The SBZU signal travels through PCB B100 and the Filter Board and activates K2 of the drive circuit on PCB B45. The activation of K2 applies +16VDC to the shutter motor. Relay KI on PCB B45 provides the return path to ground. When you press switch $16 you generate the shutter open signal -SBAUF. The SBAUF signal travels through PCB B100 and the Filter Board and activates K1 of the drive circuit on PCB B45. The activation of K1 applies +16VDC to the shutter rotor inthe reverse direction. Relay K2 provides the return path to ground, Switch's $14 and $17 control shutter rotation. When you press switch $14, you generate the rotate ‘counterclockwise signal -SBCCW. The SBCCW signal travels through PCB B100 and the Filter Board and activates K3 of the drive circuit on PCB B45. The activation of K3 applies +16VDC to the shutter rotation motor. Relay K4 provides the return path to ground. When you press switch $17 you ‘generate the rotate clockwise signal -SBCW. This signal travels through PCB B100 and the Filter ‘Board and to K4 of the drive circuit on PCB B45. The activation of K4 applies +16VDC to the rota- tion motor. Relay K3 provides the return path to ground. Shutter close, shutter open, rotations coun- terclockwise and clockwise terminates upon limit switch activation. Fluoro Mode Control Logic Compact / Series ‘When you press the handswitch you generate the signal -HAND. This signal enters PCB B206 and exits as -HANDSW where it enters PCB B100 at the cathode of diode D15. When you press the foot- switch you generate the signal -FUSS. This signal enters PCB B106 and exits this PCB as -FOOTS Where it enters PCB B100 at the cathode of diode D14. On PCB B100 the control logic, consisting of PAL’s U2,U3 and IC’s U1] and U12, receives the -HANDSW or -FOOTSW signal and generates the -FLUOREQ® signal. This signal exits PCB B100 and travels to PCB B104 at Opto-Isolator U2. The output signal from U2 is -XRY. The Series utilizes PCB B104 (B) located on the workstation, ‘The -XRY signal then enters control logic PAL Ul. Ul then generates the signal -SPT on pin 21 and the signal -STRA on pin 6. The -STRA signal takes two paths after leaving U1 pin 6. One path is to the monitor X-ray lamp logic, consisting of relay K1 and inverter U8, and enables the24VAC neces- sary to light the X-ray on lamp located on the top of the monitor. The second path has the signal -STRA entering Opto-Isolator U7 (A), U13 (B). The output from U7 (A), U13 (B) is -MEMFLUREQ that exits PCB B104 and enters PCB B100 and the control logic consistingof PAL’s U2, U3 and IC's ULI and U12. This control logic generates the signal -XRAY that is responsible for a number of oper- ations. It turns on LED D43 on PCB B100. In addition, it exits PCB B100 and travels to the control panel where it illuminates the X-ray on indicator. At the same time, the -XRAY signal travels to the KV and control logic on PCB B64 and the mA control logic on PCB B143 to initiate X-rays. (Refer to the mA and kV theory in this section for more information). It aso travels to the Filter Board and monoblock as well as the fluoro time display logic on PCB B101. ‘The fluoro time and display logic on PCB B101, consisting of PAL’s U17 and U18 as well as IC’s U4, U10, ULL, U12, UL3 and U14, provide and pass the timing pulses to the control pane! necessary for the fluoro exposure time display. These timing pulse signals include: 10ER, 100ER, 1000ER, ER, TIMA, TIMD, TIMC, TIMB. In addition, the display logic on PCB B101 produces the signal -LED- ALARM that travels to the control panel and becomes signal -SMINLED required to illuminate the 5 _ ‘minute warning indicator. Furthermore, when you press control panel switch S28 you generate the 35 Gua ed signal -SMINSW that travels back to the fluoro time display logic on PCB B101 and becomes signal -CLRBUZ required to extinguish the 5 minute warning indicator. fall other circuits are operating properly X-ray production begins. If an “Over Temperature” or a “No Tube Current” condition occurs and the error signal -GERR develops. This signal exits the ‘monoblock and travels to the control logic on PCB B100 where X-ray production terminates. Refer to system warm-up and generator error theory and the temperature sense theory, both in this section. ‘The -SPT signal enters Opto-Isolator U3 (A), U6 (B) and leaves PCB B104 in route to the image pro- cessor as the signal -TRIGIN. This signal represents the frame store enable request sent to the IPS-200 (Compact) and IPS-300 (Series) at parallel port $4. ‘The IPS-200 (Compact) and IPS-300 (Series), in response, generates and transmits from parallel port S4 the signal -TRIGOUT. This signal represents the frame store ready condition. The TRIGOUT sig nal travels to PCB B104 where it enters Opto-Isolator U3 (A), U7 (B). This signal exits U3 (A) or U7 (B) as -SPR and enters the control logicPAL U1 pin 44. ‘The -SPR signal enters the control logic PAL UI pin 44 and maintains the active signal -STRA until the image processor has sufficient time for last image hold. The -SPR signal stays active for 640 msec after you release the X-ray switch. Once the last image hold operation completes the -SPR signal goes hhigh that causes the -STRA signal to go high and X-rays terminate. Film Mode Control Logic Compact / Series ‘The film shot initiates by operating the handswitch. Before a film shot generates you must activate the film mode switch S4 to create signal -KDA. The activation of this switch also illuminates LED 4. In ~) addition, manual selection of the kV occurs by operating the kV increase switch S11 creating the sig- nal -KVPLUS or operating kV decrease switch $12 creating the signal -KVMINUS. The kV default value displayed when you select the film mode may also be used. At the same time, a manually selected exposure time must be entered. This occurs by operating the time increase switch S5 that creates the signal -SECPLUS or time decrease switch $6 that creates the signal -SECMINUS. Both of the manually selected time signals pass through PCB B100 before enter- ing the film exposure timer control logic on PCB B102. The film exposure timer control logic on PCB 'B102 generates the signals necessary to illuminate the film exposure time display located on the con- ‘tol panel. The four timer signals include: QA, QB, QC, QD. These signals pass through PCB B101 before entering the control panel. The manually selected kV theory appears in the KV generation and regulation section. ‘The combinations of handswitch signal -HANDSH and film mode signal -KDA at the control logic, consisting of PAL U2 and buffer U12, on PCB B100 starts the film mode process. From the control logic the signal +DAREQ (film exposure request) generates. This signal travels to the one second preparation timer and the control logic consistingof PAL U3, inverter's ULI and U23 and relay K1. ‘The preparation timer generates signal +MOVORB that travels to the same control logic as the +DAREQ signal. ‘This control logic generates the three signals necessary for X-ray production in the film mode. They include: -DA, -XRAY and -ENCNTS3. Signal -DA is active one second before the exposure and illu- minates LED D36 on PCB B100 and continues to the Filter Board and monoblock. The -DA signal also travels to the filament mA select logic to place the system in the 20mA mode. Signal -XRAY illu- minates LED D43 on PCB B100 and continues to the Filter Board and monoblock. In addition, the 36 C Eee -XRAY signal travels to the control pane! to illuminate X-ray indicator, LF1 and to PCB B64 to enable the kV control logic and PCB B143 to enable the mA control logic. Finally, it goes to the film exposure timer control logic on PCB B102. At this time X-ray production begins. fall other circuits are operating properly, X-ray production begins. If an “Over Temperature” or “No Filament Current” condition develops, the error signal -GERR generates. This signal exits the monob- lock and travels to the control logic on PCB B100 and X-ray production terminates. Refer to system ‘warm-up and generator error theory and the temperature sense theory, both in this section. ‘The -ENCNT63 signal is the count signal generated by the control logic located on PCB B100. This signal travels to the film exposure time and control logic on PCB B102. The film exposure time and control logic will monitor the -ENCNT63 signal and compare it to the control panel selected exposure time, When the two internal registers detect an “equal” condition the film exposure time and control logic generates and transmits the +ENDA signal to the control logic on PCB B100 necessary to termi- nate X-ray production, kV Genera Manual Compact / Series ‘When you press the kV Manual switch $10, LED 10 illuminates and you generate the signal -KKV- MAN. This signal feeds the keyboard interface and control logic on PCB B100 and from there it ‘enters PCB B64 at relays D6 and D7. It also enters the kV Control Logic on PCB B64 where it com- bines with the -KVPLUS, (KV increase) and the -KVMINUS, (KV decrease), produced during man- ual kV selection, and the -XRAY signal necessary for any exposure. The -KVPLUS, -KVMINUS and -XRAY enter PCB B64 from PCB B100. ‘The kV Control Logic feeds the kV Display Control on PCB B64 where a 4 bit kV display code gen- crates and feeds back to the control panel to display the selectedkV. The -KKVMAN signal energizes D6 that sends the video level signal from the camera to ground. The -KKVMAN signal also energizes relay D7 to select manual KV control. The output of PCB B64 is KVSOLL. The KVSOLL signal is a de voltage corresponding to the KV selected. Refer to table 2 for additional information. KVSOLL travels from PCB B64 to PCB B100 where it goes through variable resister R28, required for the kV calibration, and comparator IC7. The output from this comparator is KVSOLL*. This signal travels, from PCB B100 and passes through the Filter Board and PCB B45 and into PCB B54, From PCB B54 the signal enters PCB B43 as H. V. PWM Drive. On this PCB, additional kV regulation occurs and the signal combines with the Drive Pulses at IC13. The 4 outputs from IC13 travel to Power Driver PCB B42 and its intermediate drive circuit. kV KVSOLL The modulated pulse signal outputs travel from PCB B42 to feed Power PCB B40, These modulated pulses turn on the FETS in pairs: Groups I and IV or Groups Il and IIT. The current flow in transformers Tr3 to Tr8 generates an induction voltage that transforms up, rectified and cascaded to a maximum of +/- ‘SSKV on the anode/cathode. The power developed by the pri- ‘mary transformer TI and governed by the control logic of PCB B100 and the VAC select relays on PCB B79. These relays pass either 90VAC, 120VAC and 195VAC depending upon the mode selected and the monoblock temperature. The signals that deter- KVSOLL Control Voltage ‘mine the relay activity are the temperature sense signal, Table 2 in & Regulation a7 TN — SET Ps “oA SINGS a QMAOS and the -SWITRAF signal. The VAC outputs from PCB B79 rectify to DC and then pass through the Filter Board and provide power to the FET’s on PCB B40, Refer to table 3 for additional Nw) information. MODE POWER | K4 | KS Fluoro Temp. >144 Degrees F 0VAC x Standard Fluoro - Chest and Hand and (Hip 56kV assvac | E Table 3 Table 4 illustrates the voltages present at the FET’s on PCB B40. These voltages represent the recti fied AC voltage multiplied by 1.414. MODE APPROX. | COMMENT VOLTAGE 0. 5 mA Fluoro (Temp>62 C) 125vde Standard Fluoro, Chest, Hand, Hip 56kV 265vde Film 265vde ‘Must Prep. Table 4 From the tank the -kV Sense and +kVSense signals generate and feed back to PCB B54 at IC2 and ‘compared with the KVSOLL* signal for additional tuning of the actual and selected kVp. 38 eed Auto UC Compact / Series ‘When you press the auto fluoro mode switch S7 you generate the signal -KFLUORO. In addition, the auto fluoro mode relays Dé and D7 on the B64 PCB remain de-energized. This removes the ground path of video level signal, DLIST, from the camera PCB AU-01 and allows it to feed through OP AMP IC25 and become KVSOLL. Refer to the KVSOLL control table 2. ‘Once the KVSOLL signal occurs the kV Generation & Regulation operates the same in the auto mode as it does in the manual mode. mA Generation & Regulation Compact / Series FLUORO MODE kV/mA TRACKING & FILM MODE KV/mA as = FIM MODE _ All systems without Series 100/240 (Fim mode dsabed wih a temperature >144 degrees F) eee =< Only Series 110V SIDI III SE Guy Series 100y n= a= += !g_— SNAPSHOTIONESHOT FLUORO MODE —> cet Some (Exposure time approximately 600m) Snap shot wereslac'te HUE in te [ib ators toe (Rana wou dont oed Fr ‘STANDARD FLUORO MODE = << TEMPERATURE > 144 DEGREES F (mA limited @ 0.5 with a temperature > 144 degrees F) Tears —meamity Fs sabod with a temperature > 158 degrees F) Figure 1 MA Generation & Regulation is kV controlled. From figure 1 above it demonstrates that in certain ‘modes and kV ranges the mA output does not change. In addition, when mA varies, kV drives the mA output. ‘The mA control process begins with the KVSOLL signal generated on PCB B64. The KVSOLL sig- nal travels to PCB B143 where it combines with either the fluoro or film mode selection made at the control panel. At the same time, the Filament mA Select Logic on PCB B143 activates the appropriate IC switches necessary to match the mA output with any X-ray mode selected. {A time interval of 1 second between exposures in fluoroscopy occurs to allow the filament current to decrease. {Al fluoro and film modes operate in the same manner as described below in the snapshot mode except for the switch, LED and signal designations. Therefore, understanding snapshot will allow you to follow any selected fluoro or film mode. 39 SCN A LLL CUS Snapshot/Oneshot Compact / Series Y ‘When you press the handswitch or footswitch, LED 9 illuminates and you generate the signal -KSIPU. This signal enters the keyboard interface control logic on PCB B100. The signals out of this board are -SIPU* and -XRAY. These two signals travel to the filament mA select logic on PCB B143, ‘The filament mA select logic then activates the appropriate IC switches in U10, U9 and US to produce ‘an 8mA output. U10, U9 and UB are digitally selected analog CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) switches. Once this concludes, the filament voltage regulation and overvoltage logic section of PCB B143 pro- duce the UH Filament Voltage. This is an analog representation of the mA. From PCB B143, the UH Filament Voltage passes through the filter board and to the filament current detect circuit on PCB B40. The filament pre-drive logic on PCB B43 feeds the filament drive transistors on PCB B40. These drive transistors combine with the UH Filament Voltage on PCB B40 to drive either filament. From the monoblock, which is a combination of the tank and tube, the mA Sense line passes through PCB B40 and to the mA detect logic on PCB B43. On this PCB the mA Sense line becomes MAIST. ‘The MAIST signal exits PCB B43 and passes through PCB B45 and the filter board to PCB B100. On PCB B100 the signal takes two paths. One path feeds the mA display control circuit on PCB B100 ‘where it then feeds the control panel mA display after passing through PCB B64. The second path feeds the MAIST signal out of PCB B100 where it travels to comparator U12 pin 5 on PCB B143, ‘The output of comparator U12 pin 7 sums with the mA control line. The output of comparator U12 pin 1 is the corrective voltage. This voltage travels to the filament voltage regulation and overvollage logic on PCB B143. The output from this logic is the UH Filament Voltage that applies tothe filament to increase or decrease mA output. Temperature Sense Compact / Series ‘When the internal monoblock temperature sense thermistor detects a temperature of greater than 144 degrees F, the mA output limits to 0. 5 mA. The temperature sense line feeds from the monoblock to PCB B45. It exits PCB B45 and passes through the Filter Board and exits this board as signal - QMAOS. From the Filter Board the signal travels to PCB B100. From this PCB the signal takes two paths. One path is to the Filament mA Select Logic on PCB B143. The Filament mA Select Logic then activates the appropriate switches necessary to limit the mA generation to 0. 5 mA. The other path is to PCB B79 where it limits the high voltage power 90VAC. Image intensifier Compact / Series ‘The -KMAG signal created by pressing switch S19 enters PCB B100 where it inverts and renamed to +INMAG and +MAG and exits PCB B100 as -MAGI. The -MAG signal travels to PCB B35 where it splits to feed the CCD camera and the I. I. power supply PCB B35. The -MAG signal puts the system in the MAGI mode. "When $34 is pressed the signal -UNAND is created and travels to the PCB B100 where it inverts and is renamed to IONAND and +NAND and exits PCB B100 as -NAND. The -NAND signal travels to the LI. power supply B35. In combination with the -MAGI signal, it puts the system in MAG2 mode. ‘The CCD camera receives 24VDC from power supply NG-1. The 24VDC passes through PCB B35 before entering the CCD camera. In addition, the CCD camera transmits the signal HSYNC to PCB J 310 GCOS ea B35 commonly referred to as the I. I. power supply. The CCD camera also transmits 18VDC through PCB B35 to the I. I. power supply. The combination of the -MAG*,HSYNC and +18y places the image intensifier in the magnification mode. Table 5 an IPS-200 Digital Image Sub-System (Compact) BSA.5000 18SA.500 CT) SYNC O vn ons SIG AadoTa oO O ee IPS-200 DIGITAL IMAGE SUB-SYSTEM Figure 2 General Description ‘The IPS-200 digital image storage system operates in a wide variety of applications due to its modular structure and its high processing capabilities. Starting from the minimum system with a CPU card and aan image input and processing unit for the integration of up to 256 images, the system expands with a 100/120 Hz refresh frequency. A RAM disk with a capacity of 3 standard images provides short-term storage. The system makes the following functions available: Display and storage of the video signal Noise reduction by image integration Auto-windowing Storage of images on a RAM disk Image reversal Save to Floppy Disk Download from Floppy Disk Dose Area Product measurement utility 342 een Functional Description ‘The IPS-200 offers multiple image recording functions. The individual functions occur via the paral- Jel port S4. All the inputs and outputs of the parallel port are Low Active, that is, if there is a zero level at the input of the parallel port, the input activates and the corresponding function commences. After you turn on the unit, the initialization completes and the readiness of image recording functions displays by the presence of a test image on the moniter. During the initialization, a self-test performs and the message “WALT” appears in the status line that indicates that no functions occur for the duration of the self-test. ‘An additional output that can appear in the status line independent of the functions is the message “OUTSYNC.” This message indicates that the image memory is being synchronized with the con- nected video source. ‘No image recall occurs during this time, but all other functions will execute. ‘The components of the IPS-200 Frame Store Assembly are: ‘The BSA-500 Subassembly is the central image recording and processing unit. It comes with the BNC {jack sockets for the video input (VIN) and the video output (VOUT). It also contains the digitization unit, and the overlay and control logic. BMS-500C: The BSA-500C subassembly contains the image memory. NWA-500: The NWA-500 subassembly receives images from the BSA-500 subassembly and outputs these images to either the hard copy printer and/or monitor. The NWA--500 subassembly has a total of 4 video outputs (V1 - V4). V1 supplies a 50/60Hz image and V2 - V4 each supplies a 100/120 Hz image signal. V1 feeds the hard copy printer and V4 feeds the video monitor. NOTE: NWA-500 for right monitor only - V4 - 100-120Hz. CPU-200 ‘The CPU-200 subassembly is the central processing unit. It contains a Reset Switch and three LED's. ‘The three LEDs are SV, L2 and L3. The Reset Switch will restart the software. The SV LED, also referred to as the supervisor LED, display's processor operation. L2 indicates whether the image ‘memory runs in synchronization with the video signal at the input of the image memory. If not, the LED turns off for the duration of the synchronization that then initiates. You can not acquire images uring synchronization. Subsequently, L2 and L3 can also indicate error conditions that may occur uring the self test. The self test performs automatically each time the system starts or restarts. ‘The IPS-200 Frame Store Assembly requires +/-12VDC and +5VDC received from Power Supply NG2. NN NEE Sunn Tn UU nT EEUEEUREEEEEEEEETETTTTET COS ened 1cPUK ‘The image recording divides into two phases: continuous display and storage (LIVE Phase), and the end of the continuous storage of the video signal. (STO Phase) Different methods to reduce noises are available for the two phase: For the LIVE Phase, the user can select between direct display (no filtering) and recursive filtering (AVR). In recursive filtering an average corresponding to the selected filter stage occurs between the past image and the current image. The weighting ratio is as follows: YW + Filter Stage 1 at a ratio of 50% to 50% + Filter Stage 2 at a ratio of 60% to 40% + Filter Stage 3 at a ratio of 75% to 25% + Minimum time: 80 ms [ Mode FC Filter Filter SmaMode | 8 AVR (0) WO) ‘Standard Double Puss | —o AVRO) WC Single Pulse | 4 Live AvQ (16) HIP 7 AR) Hand 3 AVEO) AVG) ‘Thorax 9 ‘AVE (0) Av) 1 Doss 0 AVR (1) AVG (a) For the STO Phase, between storing the current image and integration, the user can select from 2 to 256 images (in steps of powers of two). ‘Time = No. of images * 40 ms. ‘The method for noise suppression comes from the SETUP menu. It activates with the Signal . ‘The image recording phases display on the status line located at the lower edge of the picture. Mes- Y U eed sages include “LIVE” and “STORE.” The instantaneous image content of the monitor stores on the RAM disk during the LIVE Phase with the signal at the parallel port. Only one image stores with each signal. Select automatic storage from the SETUP menu. In the active stage (response “MAUTO” at the paral- {el port), the current image stores on the RAM disk after each image recording (after the STO phase). Image Recording ‘To control the image recording, there isa recording input atthe parallel interface to activate and end the recording process. As long as the signal is LOW active, the system is in the LIVE mode. It then automatically switches to the STO mode. With image recording units in which there is a delay between the start of recording and the transmission of the first image, a delay time for the image recording after the activation of the recording input can be set in the SETUP menu. ‘The image storage system then waits to input the image until this amount of time has passed before storing the first image. During this period of delay, the message “WAIT” appears on the lower edge of the monitor screen. Image recording units activate only briefly to record images controlled by the IPS-200 via the record- ing output. Auto-Window ‘The IPS-200 image storage system is capable of expanding a limited gray range over the full contrast range of 0 to 255 (8-bit). The contrast spread does not change the content of the image, only the dis- play. ‘The minimum and maximum gray-scale values develop from the average trimmed picture. These val- vues calculate the optimal contrast and brightness of the image for the contrast spread. The calculation, and setting of the contrast spread occur automatically during the LIVE phase, either cyclically or by being called up (Auto-window) with the final image (STO). This function activates and deactivates via the signal on the parallel port. The time at which the calculation activates occurs in the SETUP menu. With the Auto-window function inactive, the entire contrast range from 0 to 255 always displays. If the Auto-window function is active while in the LIVE phase, the contrast values continuously updated during the LIVE Phase and retained for the STO Phase. On the other hand in ‘Auto-window during STO, the contrast values over the entire range reset at the beginning of the LIVE, Phase, and are recalculated only in the STO phase. ‘When you turn on the unit, the Auto-window function activates automatically. RAM Disk Functions In the IPS-200 image storage system, the images displayed on the monitor are stored on a standard installed RAM disk, and can be read from the same disk. Five images plus last Image hold are also stored on the RAM disk. Store Images ‘With the signal , the current image from the monitor stores on the RAM Disk. Only one image stores per signal. After storing, the image number automatically increases. Once the maximum. ‘umber of images store, the next image is Number 1. Older images disappear. In addition, the image content and contrast range are also stored on the RAM disk. Stored images deteriorate once you remove power from the system. 35 GCOS en ad Search Forward And Backward ‘The RAM disk searches forward with the signal > and backwards with the signal . The YU image number automatically increases or decreases by one before reading. The user can thereby select between the display of an individual image or a continuous display of the images. ‘The RAM disk is in the Individual Image Mode when one of the two signals activates briefly. Each signal increases or decreases the Image Number by 1. If one of the signals activates for longer than 100 ms, the RAM disk automatically switches to continuous display. As long as the respective signal remains active, images display from the RAM disk on the monitor in ascending or descending sequence. For identification purposes, the current image number displays on the monitor. ‘The length of time between the display of the individual images determined by selecting the Search Delay in the SETUP menu, in intervals from 40 ms to 10 s. After the signal terminates, the image ‘most recently selected displays with the corresponding contrast data. ‘The RAM disk searches cyclically. When the highest image number occurs, the search continues with Image No. 1, and vice-versa. Automatic Storage By way of the “Automatic Storage” menu item in the SETUP memu, the user can select whether or not the current image stores automatically on the RAM disk after the STO Phase. ‘When “Automatic Storage” turns on, the message “ON” appears in the SETUP menu after the menu. item and the acknowledgment “MAPUTO” at the parallel port afier leaving the SETUP menu. Image Reversal [Atte 100/120 Hz output ofthe NW'T-500 subassembly, the mage displays reversed lefttoright.The reversal commences by a signal at the Image Reversal input of the parallel port and displays at the corresponding output. The reversed image is not available at the 50/60 Hz. outputs of the system. Ee ea Jumper Settings Dp aie ran) [dh a oe vo) Hit stan aie | a 18 on | SE a Hardware ‘The image processing system is integrated into the IPS-300 19-inch housing. Figure 5: IPS-300 SYSTEM HOUSING This housing contains the VMEbus boards, the power supply unit, one or more hard disks and the interfaces. The following sections describe these components. 348 Eee eal CPU-100 Board ‘The CPU-100 board is the central processing unit of the IPS-300 system. It contains the Motorola CPU 68000, the RAM and EPROM and various interfaces, among these are two serial, one parallel and one SCSI interface. ‘The front panel comes equipped with the reset button and 3 LED's (SV, L3, L2). ‘The reset button is used for a new start of the software. LED "SV" is on, if the processor is in the "supervisor mode". As all programs are usually carried out in this mode, this LED indicates that the processor is in operation. LED "L2" indicates whether the frame store synchronizes with the video signal on the input of the frame store. If this is not the case, the LED turns off during the synchronization. During this time itis not possible to record images. With each turn-on or reset of the system a self test carries out automatically. If an error occurs, the LED's “L2" and "L3" indicates the cause of the errors. e~|_ Reset Button e+|_ Supervisor LED CPU-100 e-}— Sync LED Le FIGURE 6 319 TG nn Og i AA AL LL INS Se eed BSA-500 Board ‘The image recording and processing unit of the BMS-100 consist of two VMEbus cards, BSA-500 ) and BSA-500C, ‘The BSA-500 board contains the digitizing part, the overlay and the control logic, whereas the BSA-500C board contains the frame store. BSA-500 spcoupat ouput amps = —4 FIGURE7 ‘The BSA-500 card comes equipped with one BNC connector, respectively, for the video input (VIN) and video output (OUT). ‘The sync. connector SYN is available with H and V syne signals and the syne mix for the synchroni- zation of a video camera. 3:20 EIU e ead NWA-500 Board With the NWA-500 board video images can be outputted with an image repeat rate of 100/120 Hz. Images created by the board BSA-500 are used for the display. ‘The board NWA-S00 has 4 video outputs (V1 to V4), of which output V4 provides a 100 / 120 Hz image signal and output V1 provides a 50 / 60 Hz signal. Wee ouput +L) ns) rmonner 1°) as) FIGURE 8 ‘The sync output of the board provides the horizontal (H) and vertical (V) sync. signal for the 100/ 12087 field frequency, only. ‘The connections V2 and V3 can be switched between 5S0/60Hz and 100/120Hz by means of jumper 45, Contrast Display The V1 to V4 connectors configure with the following output functions: VuUSOHz Contrast change with optional gamma correction v2/S0H2 Contrast change V2/100Hz = no contrast change 'V3/S0Hz = no contrast change V3/100Hz = Contrast change with optional gamma correction ‘VA/lOOHZ, Contrast change 3-21 EOL ea Image System Frame Store Control Compact UY Four selections from the control panel affect the image on the monitor. These include: Reversal, Auto- ‘window, Save and Increment Memory. ‘When you press switch $22 you activate the image reversal function. This creates signal -KMIR. This signal exits the control panel and enters the control logic on PCB B100. It exits the control logic as -KMIR. The KMIR signal travels to PCB B104 and exits this PCB as -MIR. This is the reverse image request signal sent to parallel port $40on the IPS-200 Frame Store Assembly. The Frame Store Assem- bly completes the request and sends the reverse image acknowledge signal, -LEDMIR, to PCB B104. In addition, the IPS-200 sends the horizontally modified image signal out port V4 on the NWA-500 subassembly to display on the monitor. The signal, -LEDMIR, enters PCB B104 and inverts to +LED- MIR and exits this PCB and returns to the control panel to activate LED 22, confirming the completed image reversal request. ‘When you press switch $37 you activate the auto-window function. This creates signal -KENH that travels from the control panel to PCB B104. It exits the PCB as -ENH. This is the auto-window request signal sent to parallel port, $4, of the IPS-200 Frame Store Assembly. The IPS-200 Frame Store Assembly completes the request and sends the auto window acknowledge signal, -LEDENH (A) or -ENHLED (B) to PCB B104. The IPS-200 sends the modified image out port V4 on the NWA- ‘500 subassembly to display on the monitor. The signal, -LEDENH (A) or -ENHLED (B) enters PCB 'B104 and inverts to +LEDENH (A) or +LEDAENH (B). This signal exits this PCB and returns to the control panel to activate LED 37, confirming the completed image request. ‘When you press switch $101 you activate the image save function. This creates signal -KSAFE that travels from the control panel to PCB B104. On this PCB the signal becomes -SAFE andexits as-M+. ‘his is the save image request signal sent to parallel port S4 of the BMS-500 Frame Store Assembly. ‘The IPS-200 Frame Store Assembly completes the request by storing the image in the BSA-500C subassembly. The storage capability of the 7700 is five images plus last image hold. As save requests are initiated, the IPS-200 Frame Store unit replaces the earliest image with the latest image. As images are recalled, the current image on the monitor becomes the fifth image available. This process occurs by pressing switch 36 on the control panel. This generates signal -KUP that travels to PCB B104. The signal exits PCB B104 as -M>. ‘The -M> signal is the increment image memory signal sent to parallel port S4 on the IPS-200 Frame Store Assembly. The -M> signal causes the stored image register to sequence one image. Refer to fig- ure 9 for proper sequencing: “MD = 41 Sequence TH aHstatg Image Store Memory - Last Image Hold Figure 9 ‘The Image Store Memory holds the last fluoro image until the next fluoroscopic exposure or you remove system power. ena Frame Store Setup 1. To-access the frame store setup menu press and hold the power on button as you press the image save button, 2. To scroll through the setup selections press the image recall button. 3. To select a setup option press the image save button. To change data within an option press the ‘mage recall button. Changed data saves when you quit setup. 4, To quit setup scroll to the quit setup selection and press image save. | SERVICEMENU u | QUIT MENU DOCUMENTATION VALUES | FRAME OFFSET |IMAGE PROCESSING VALUES VIDEO NORM SCREENSAVER OPERATING HOURS, OVERLAY LEVEL [DAP MENU Figure 10 Series Four selections from the control panel affect the image on the monitor. These include: Reversal, ‘Auto-window, Save and Increment Memory. ‘When you press switch $22 you activate the image reversal function. This creates signal -KMIR. This signal exits the control panel and enters the control logic on PCB B100. It exits the control logic as -KMIR. The KMIR signal travels to the workstation and PCB B104 and exits this PCB as -KMIRIN ‘and enters the keyboard matrix logic on PCB B550. This is the reverse image request signal sent to parallel port $40on the IPS-300 Frame Store Assembly. The Frame Store Assembly completes the request and sends the reverse image acknowledge signal, -LEDMIR, to PCB B104. In addition, the BMS. 100 sends the horizontally modified image signal out port V4 on the NWA-500 subassembly to

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