Preface to the Fourth Edition... Acknowledgments ..... Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Singular pronouns + be .. Plural pronouns + be Singular nouns + be - Plural nouns + Be... Contractions with be - Negative with be Be + adjective Be +aplace ... ‘Summary: basic sentence patterns with be USING BE AND HAVE... 241 Yesino questions with be 2-2 Short answers to yesino questions... 23 Questions with be using where 2-4 Using have and has 245 Using my, your, her, his, our, their 2-6 Using this and that «.. 2-7 Using these and those. <... 28 Asking questions with what and who + be LUSNG THE SIMPLE PRESENT. . 3-1 Formand sv ming fein pees se 3-2 Frequency adverbs... 3.3 Position of frequency adverbs.» 3-4 Spelling and pronunciation of final “es =... 3-5. Adding final ~s/-ee to words that end in =. - 3-6 Irregular singular verbs: has, does, goes... 3:7 Like to, want to, need (0... : 3-8 Simple present terse: negative... 3.8 Simple present terse: yesino questions «-..- 3-0. Simple present terse: asking information questions with where | fand what... 3-11 Simple present ters king information questo wih hen and what timeChopter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chopter 7 Chapter 8 vi contents USING THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE . . 4:1 Being the present progressive 42 Spelling of ing... 43. Present progressive: negatives 44 Present progressive: questions 465 Simple present tense vs, the present progressive 4:6 Non-action verbs not used in the present progressive 47 See, look at, watch, hear, and listen 10 48 Think about and think that TALKING ABOUT THE PRESENT 5-1 Using it totalk about time 5:2 Prepositions of time 5-3 Using it and what to talk about the weather 5-4 There be. 55 There ~ be: yesino questions 5-6 There * be: asking questions with how many 57 Prepositi 5-8 More pre 59 Would like 5-10 Would like vs. tke NOUNS AND PRONOUNS . 6-1 Nouns: subjects and objects 6-2 Nouns as objects of prepositions 6-3 Adjectives with nouns GA Subject pronouns and object pronouns 6-5 Nouns: singular and plural forms 6-6 Nouns: irregular plural forms 6-7 Possessive pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs 6-8 Possessive nouns 6-9 Questions with ewhose 6-10 Possessives iregular plural nouns COUNT AND NONCOUNT NOUNS 7-1 Nouns: count and noncount 72 Usingavs an. 7-3 Using alan vs. some ‘Measurements with noncount nouns Using many, much, a few, alittle Using the Using @ (no article) to make generalizations Using some and any 7 - v4 7 7 EXPRESSING PAST TIME, PART 1... 8-1 Using be: past time 8-2. Simple pas tense of be: negative 8.3. Past of be: questions Bet Simple pas tense: using -ed 96 96 102 105 110 116 118 11 125 232Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 85 Past time words: yesterday, last, and ago 235 8-6 Simple past tense irregular verbs (Group 1) 230 8-7 Simple past tense: negative 243 8-8 Simple past tense: yes/no questions. 246 8-9 Simple past tense: irregular verbs (Group 2) 251 8-10. Simple past tense: irregular verbs (Group 3) 254 8-11 Simple past tens: irregular verbs (Group 4) - : 257 EXPRESSING PAST TIME, PART 2 eee 265: 9-1 Simple pst ease: ming where, shy, tohen, and eahat time 265 9-2 Questions with what 260 9-5 Questions with eho and whom eer 272 9-4 Simple past tent: irregular verbs (Group 5) 277 9.5 Simple past tense: irregular verbs (Group 6) 279 946 Simple past tent: irregular verbs (Group 7) 282 95 Before and after in time causes 284 9-8 When in time clauses... ae 287 9.9 Present progressive and past progressive 289 9-10 Using while with past progrestive . 293 8-11 Simple past tense ws. past progressive 204 EXPRESSING FUTURE TME, PART 1 303 10-1 Furure time: using be going to : 303 10.2. Using present progressive to express furure ime 307 10-3 Words used for past time and future time 309 104 Using a couple of or a few with ago (past) and én (Future) 314 105 Using today tonight and this * morning afternoon, evenin ‘week, month, year ce 317 1046 Future time: using wi 319 10-7 Asking questions with will cucoonearrnn S321 108 Verb summary: present, past, and future 325 109 Verb summary: forms of be... i 327 EXPRESSING FUTURE TIME, PART 2 aad LLL Mayimighe vs. will pceoeorn = 334 112 Maybe (one word) vs. may be (sro words) 337 113 Future time clauses with before, after, and when... ce aaa) 114 Clauses with if 346 11-5 Expressing future and habitual present with time clauses and if-clauses 349 116 Using what + form of do 2220222 es 353 MODALS, PART 1: EXPRESSING ABILITY... 121 Using can 12.2 Pronunciation of can and can’t 123 Using can: questions « 124 Using know howto 125. Using could: past of ean 12.6 Using be able 10 127. Using very and to0 + adjective contents. vil‘Chapter 13. MODALS, PART 2: ADVICE, NECESSITY, REQUESTS, SUGGESTIONS . .. . 383 13-1 Using should. 384 13-2 Using have + infinitive (have tofhas torhad to)... i 388 13-3 Using must, have to/has to, and should 302 13-4 Polite questions: may I, could I, and can re 356) 13-5. Polite questions: could you and would you 307 13-6 Imperative sentences 400 13-7 Modal ausiares ‘ 403 13-8 Summary chart: modal ausliaries and similar expressions. 404 13.9. Using let's. ee ae 409 Chapter 14 NOUNS AND MODIFIERS . . . 413 14-1 Modifying nouns with adjectives and nouns . 4B 142 Word order of adjectives ee cate 143 Linking verbs + adjectives 425 144 Adjectives and adverbs 428 14-5. Expressions of quantiy: ail af, most af, some af, almost all of. BI 146 Expressions of quantiry: subject-verb agreement 433 14-7 Using every, everyone, everybody, everything : 2436 168 Indefne pronune: something, samacas, someday, cain, ‘anyone, anybody... a ‘ we BB Chapter 15 MAKING COMPARISONS... .2 22.0660 seseceeeeeees Aas; 15-1. The comparative: using -er and more «0.2.0.0... cee MS 415-2. The superlative: using -est and most 452 15-3 Using ome of + superlative + plural noun... ee a60l 13-4 Making comparisons with adverbs. 407 15-5 Compatisens: using the same (as), similar (to), and different (from) fs - 470 15-6 Compurisens: using lke and alike 473 15-7 Using but. eek Hats 15-8 Using verbs after but 476 Appendix 1. English Handwriting ‘Appendix 2. Numbers 5 Appendix 3 Ways of Saying Time Appendix 4 Days/Months/Seasons. Appendix 5 Supplementary Charts... ‘AS-1_ Basic capilization rules. 487 ‘A5-2 Voiceless and voiced sounds for ~ endings on verbs... 488 ‘A5-3 Final -ed pronunciation for simple past verbs : : 488 Ustening Script 489 Lot's Tolk: Answers Answer Key . Index. ‘Audio CD Tracking lst vill contents:Preface to the Fourth Edition Basie Engish Grammars a developmental skills text for beginning English language learners. Teuses a grammar-based approsch integrated with communicative methodologies to promote ‘the development of all language skis in a variety of ways. Starting from a foundation of Lunderstarding form and meening, students engage in meaningful communication about real actions, rel things, and their own lives inthe classroom context, Grammar tasks are designed. to encourage both fluency and accuracy. “The eclecie approach and aburslant variety of exercise material remain the same asin the earlier edtions, bu this fourth edition incorporates new ways and means. In particular: + CORPUS-INFORMED CONTENT Based on corpus research, grammar content has been added, deleted, or modified ro reflect dlisecurse patterns. New information highlighting diferences between spoken and written Englsh has been added to the charts, and students practice more frequently used structures. We have been careful to keep the information manageable fer beginning, students + PRESENTATION OF KEY GRAMMAR Chapter 15 (in earlier editions of BEG) has been moved to Chapter 6 ofthis edition in lode: to teach possessive forms earlier and present all pronouns together WARM-UP EXERCISES FOR THE GRAMMAR CHARTS. [Newly cteated for the fourth edition, these innovative exercises precede she grammar chars and introduce the peint(s) to be taught. ‘They have been carefully crafted to help Students discover the target grammar as they progress through each warm-up exercise. The warm-up exercises can help the teacher assess how much explanation and practice students will reed, MICKO-PRACTICE ‘At the beginning level, a single grammar structure (e.g. basic pronouns and possessives) ‘sometimes needs to be presented in several steps. Additional exercises have been created to ge students more incremental practice. + LISTENING PRACTICE, Recent reseatch highlights the importance of helping students at all eves understand authentic spoken English, New as well as revised exercises introduce stadents to relaxed, reduced speech. An audio CD accompanies the student text, and a full audio seript can be feund in the back of the book.+ READINGS This fourth edition now has a wide selection of readings for students to read and respond, to. ‘The content is carefully controlled so that the vocabulary is accessible to beginning, students and the grammar structures appropriate to the chapter(s) studied. «WRITING TASKS ‘New writing tasks help students naturally produce the target grammar structures in extended discourse. These end-of-chapter activities include writing models for students to follow. Editing checklists draw students’ attention to the grammar focus and help them develop proofteading sills. Basie English Grammaris accompanied by + A comprehensive Workbook, consisting of self-study exercises for independent work + An all-new Teacher's Guide, with step-by-step teacting suggestions for each char, notes to the teacher on key grammar structures, vocabulary lists, and expansion activities. + An expanded Test Bank, with additional quizzes, chapter tests, mid-terms, and final + Exam View sofiware that allows teachers to customize their own tests using quizzes and tests from the Test Bank. + AzarGrammar.com, a website that provides a varery of supplementary classroom ‘materials, PowerPinr presentations forall chapters, and a place where teachers can support each other by sharing their knowledge and experience ‘The Student Book is available with or without an answer key in the back. Homework can be comected as a clas of, if appropriate, students can correct tat home with the answer key and briag questions to class. In some cases, the teacher may want to collect the assignments written ‘ona separate piece of papet, correct them, and then highlight common problems in class. “The Azar-Hagen Grammar Series consists of + Understanding and Using English Grammar (blue cover, for upper-level students, * Fundamentals of English Grammar (black cover), for mid-level students. * Basic English Grammar (ed cover, for lower or beginning levels, X PREFACE