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4/11/23, 3:55 PM About the Journal | Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism

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Aims and scope

Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism is an interdisciplinary research journal, aimed to publish articles and original research papers that should contribute to the development of
both experimental and theoretical nature in the field of Environmental Management and Tourism Sciences. Journal will publish original research and seeks to cover a wide range of topics
regarding environmental management and engineering, environmental management and health, environmental chemistry, environmental protection technologies (water, air, soil), pollution
reduction at source and waste minimization, energy and environment, modeling, simulation and optimization for environmental protection; environmental biotechnology, environmental
education and sustainable development, environmental strategies and policies, etc. 
Authors are encouraged to submit high quality, original works that discuss the latest developments in environmental management research and application with the certain scope to share
experiences and research findings and to stimulate more ideas and useful insights regarding current best-practices and future directions in Environmental Management.

Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism is indexed in SCOPUS, ProQuest, EBSCO, RePEC, CABELL'S Directories and CEEOL 

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Journal's official e-mail: jemt@aserspublishing.eu

Editor in Chief:
Ramona Pîrvu, University of Craiova, Romania (https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/102518; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6973-6521)

Co-Editor:
Cristina Mihaela Barbu, Spiru Haret University, Romania (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0787-6980; https://www.webofscience.com/wos/author/record/2405271)

Editorial Advisory Board

Omran Abdelnaser, University Sains Malaysia, Malaysia (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0719-1386)

Huong Ha, University of Newcastle, Singapore, Australia (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2463-7770)
Harjeet Kaur, HELP University College, Malaysia
Janusz Grabara, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2794-2068)
Vicky Katsoni, Techonological Educational Institute of Athens, Greece (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4808-9564)
Sebastian Kot, Czestochowa University of Technology, The Institute of Logistics and International Management, Poland (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8272-6918)
Nodar Lekishvili, Tibilisi State University, Georgia
Andreea Marin-Pantelescu, Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, Romania (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3532-1395)
Piotr Misztal, The Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Faculty of Management and Administration, Poland (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2609-3439)
Agnieszka Mrozik, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9312-7438)
Laura Nicola - Gavrila, Spiru Haret University, Romania (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3309-275X)
Chuen-Chee Pek, Nottingham University Business School, Malaysia
Roberta De Santis, LUISS University, Italy (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4410-1375)
Fabio Gaetano Santeramo, University of Foggia, Italy (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-4618)
Dan Selişteanu, University of Craiova, Romania (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9770-405X)
Lesia Kucher, Lviv Polytechnic National University (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7112-8763)
Lóránt Dénes Dávid, Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7880-9860) 
Laura Ungureanu, Spiru Haret University, Romania (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7455-567X)

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Interested applicants must submit a detailed CV along with a List of Publications at apg@aserspublishing.eu.
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Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism is committed to pursuing the highest standards of probity and the elimination of malpractice in research presented within this journal.
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4/11/23, 3:55 PM About the Journal | Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism
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• That all the manuscripts are evaluated in fairness based on the intellectual content of the paper regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, religion, citizenry nor political values of authors.
• Any observed conflict of interest pertaining manuscripts must be disclosed.
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• The editor should respect the intellectual independence of authors.
The Editorial Board takes responsibility for making publication decisions for submitted manuscripts based on the reviewer’s evaluation of the manuscript, policies of the journal editorial board
and legal restrain acting against plagiarism, libel and copyright infringement.

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ASERS Publishing is committed to pursuing the highest standards of probity and the elimination of malpractice in research presented within own journals.
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4/11/23, 3:56 PM Vol 14 No 2 (2023): JEMT, Volume XIV, Issue 2(66), Spring 2023 | Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism

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Home / Archives / Vol 14 No 2 (2023): JEMT, Volume XIV, Issue 2(66), Spring 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v14.2(66).00

Published: 2023-03-31

Article

Tourist Potential of Ukraine: Challenges and Prospects of the Post-War Time

Inna LEVYTSKA, Alona KLYMCHUK, Anna SHESTAKOVA, Natalia BILETSKA
299 - 305

 PDF

Tourists’ Hotel Booking Preferences Changed by the COVID-19 Outbreak

Sauwanee RODYU, Onanong CHEABLAM, Nuttaprachya NANTAVISIT, Yang LING
306 - 319

 PDF

Crises and Conflicts on the Way to Sustainable Tourism Development: A Study of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh
Mohammad Rakib Uddin BHUIYAN, M. Badruzzaman BHUIYAN
320 - 334

 PDF

The Impact of Marketing Mix Elements on Tourist's Satisfaction towards Five Stars Hotel Services in Dubai during COVID-19
Ashraf JAHMANI, Omar JAWABREH, Reneh ABOKHOZA, Ali Mahmoud ALRABEI
335 - 346

 PDF

Key Factors to Promote a Vulnerable Region as a Competitive Tourist Destination

Diego MARÍN-IDÁRRAGA, Juan SÁNCHEZ-TORRES, Pedro SANABRIA-RANGEL
347 - 361

 PDF

Explore the Potential for Tourist Scams in Indonesia

Tarjo TARJO, Alexander ANGGONO, Eklamsia SAKTI, Zakik ZAKIK, Muh SYARIF, Otniel SAFKAUR, Jamaliah SAID
362 - 368

 PDF

Competitiveness of Milk Production. New Perspectives for Developing a New Direction in Tourism: Dairy Tourism
Anar YERNAZAROVA, Karlygash ALYONOVA, Zhibek ANAFIYAYEVA, Anar NUKESHEVA NUKESHEVA, Adaskhan DARIBAYEVA, Azhar KIZIMBAYEVA
369 - 378

 PDF

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4/11/23, 3:56 PM Vol 14 No 2 (2023): JEMT, Volume XIV, Issue 2(66), Spring 2023 | Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism
The Applications of Technology Acceptance Models in Tourism and Hospitality Research: A Systematic Literature Review
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Youssef EL ARCHI, Brahim BENBBA
379 - 391

 PDF

Rising Customer Loyalty with Beneficial Impact on Service Quality Dimensions during the COVID-19 Pandemic for Tourism in Thailand
Musriha MUSRIHA, Diana RAPITASARI
392 - 397

 PDF

Features of Rural Tourism as an Element of Kazakh Culture during the Pandemic Syndrome
Aitolkyn TLEUBAYEVA, Altynbek ZHAKUPOV, Roza SHOKHAN, Aizharkyn NURGAZINA, Zhanbota KARIPBAYEV, Maral SIYEUBAYEVA, Makhabbat DOSSOVAk
398 - 416

 PDF

Tourism of Ukraine as a Type of Business before and during the War

Ilona YASNOLOB, Nataliia DEMIANENKO, Oleksandr GALYCH, Oleg GORB, Olena YEHOROVA, Roman LIPSKYI, Tetyana BOROVYK, Inna MYKOLENKO, Nataliia
PROTSIUK
417 - 424

 PDF

Development of Mangrove Ecotourism Based on the Tourist Perspective in Lembung Village, Indonesia
Akhmad FARID, Apri ARISANDI, Akhmad Farhan FARIDY, Moh. Wahyudi PRIYANTO
425 - 434

 PDF

Tennis Tournaments from the Perspective of Sport Tourism

Alexandru-Nicolae BANCIU, Claudiu-Ionut POPIRLAN, Germina COSMA
435 - 441

 PDF

Overtourism in a City Destination from the Perspective of Entrepreneurs: Evidence from Wroclaw, Poland
Wojciech FEDYK, Mariusz SOŁTYSIK, Tomasz RÓLCZYŃSKI, Babak TAHERI, Jacek BORZYSZKOWSKI, Fevzi OKUMUS
442 - 457

 PDF

Entrepreneurial Leadership Values in Tourism Classroom Teaching. Enhancing the Learning Processes for Tourism Business
Muh. FAHRURROZI, Hamzani WATHONI, Hasan BASRI, Mohzana MOHZANA, Astrid DWIMAULANI
458 - 468

 PDF

A Study on the Causality Relationship between Total Capital Increase, Foreign Investments, and Tourism Sector Revenues in Azerbaijan
Nigar HUSEYNLI
469 - 476

 PDF

Socio-Economic Consequences of the Transition to Organic Agriculture and Its Impact on Ecotourism
Rassul KARABASSOV, Kairat NURMAGANBETOV, Kairat BODAUKHAN, Aisulu KULMAGANBETOVA, Gulnar ORYNBEKOVA, Zhibek OMARKHANOVA
477 - 490

 PDF

Accessibility of Women's Empowerment in Tourism Industry from Mandalika Special Economic Zone
Syafruddin SYAFRUDDIN, Muh. SALAHUDDIN, Nurhilaliati NURHILALIATI
491 - 499

 PDF

Factors Influencing Customer Attitudes towards Online Food Delivery Application after the COVID-19 Epidemic in Jordanian Restaurants
Bashar M. AL NAJDAWI, Mohammad KHASAWNEH, Issam Mohammad AL-MAKHADMAHj, Hakam SHATNAWI, Qusay KHALEEFAHj, Ramzi AL ROUSAN

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4/11/23, 3:56 PM Vol 14 No 2 (2023): JEMT, Volume XIV, Issue 2(66), Spring 2023 | Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism
500 - 512
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 PDF

Marine Tourism-Based Sustainable Community Empowerment Model in the New Normal Era
Elimawaty ROMBE, Zakiyah ZAHARA, Rosida P. ADAM, Suardi SUARDI, Wahyuningsih WAHYUNINGSIH, Moh. TAUFAL
513 - 521

 PDF

The Effect of Creativity Skill, Motivation, Locus of Control on Self-Efficiency That Impact on the Success of Culinary Tourism Entrepreneurs in
North Sumatra
Rasmulia SEMBIRING, Umi Yusniar LUBIS, Syaifuddin SYAIFUDDIN
522 - 528

 PDF

The Sustainable Development Strategy of the Light Industry and New Orientations towards Ecotourism
Bakytzhan MUKHAN, Altyn YESSIRKEPOVA, Aigul TULEMETOVAk, Nazgul ORAZAYEVA, Ayimzhan ZHAKESHOVA, Daulet KANASHAYEV
529 - 539

 PDF

The Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Risk Management Perception in Tourism Business
Nguyen Van NINH
540 - 551

 PDF

Kazakhstan Tourism Industry in Promoting Sustainable Agriculture Development

Bakytgul AINAKANOVA, Anar NUKESHEVA, Zhaskairat SUNDETULY, Aigul KAZKENOVA, Zhibek OMARKHANOVA, Anar YERNAZAROVA
552 - 562

 PDF

Motives to Visit Urban Ecotourism Sites: A Study of a Botanical Garden in South Africa
Uwe P. HERMANN, Samantha C. BOUWER
563 - 574

 PDF

Determinants of Sustainable Tourism Destinations in Indonesia

Pasaman SILABAN, Wisnu Rayhan ADHITYA, Khaeruman KHAERUMAN, Surya Wisada DACHI, Joli AFRIANI, Siti AISYAH, Sunday Ade SITORUS
575 - 581

 PDF

The Dynamics of Religious Tourism. Case Study: Romania

Laura UNGUREANU
582 - 598

 PDF

Join our team! INFORMATION MY ACCOUNT LOCATION

Become an author About Us Sign In Company: ASERS SRL 26503057

Privacy Policy Register Address: Str. Eugeniu Carada, nr. 7, 200390, Craiova,

Also check our books Customer Service Contact us Romania

platform
Privacy Policy Mail to: apg@aserspublishing.eu
Asers books
Refunds Politics Phone: +40 754 027 417

ANPC

Online support 24/7

+40 754 027 417

© 2022 ASERS Publishing System. All Rights Reserved. Powered by ASERS Publishing System

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 Volume VII, Issue 4(16) Winter 2016

ASERS

J ournal of Environmental Management

and Tourism

Quarterly
Volume XIV
Issue 2(66)
Spring 2023
ISSN 2068 – 7729
Journal DOI
https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt
 Spring 2023
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism
Volume XIV
Issue 2(66)

Editor in Chief: Ramona Pîrvu Table of Contents:

University of Craiova, Romania
Co-Editor: Cristina Barbu Tourist Potential of Ukraine: Challenges and Prospects of the Post-War Time
1 Inna LEVYTSKA, Alona KLYMCHUK, Anna SHESTAKOVA, Natalia BILETSKA 299
Spiru Haret University, Romania
Editorial Board Tourists’ Hotel Booking Preferences Changed by the COVID-19 Outbreak
2 Sauwanee RODYU, Onanong CHEABLAM, Nuttaprachya NANTAVISIT, Yang LING 306
Omran Abdelnaser
University Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
Crises and Conflicts on the Way to Sustainable Tourism Development: A Study of
Huong Ha
3 Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh 320
University of Newcastle, Singapore, Mohammad Rakib Uddin BHUIYAN, M. Badruzzaman BHUIYAN
Australia
The Impact of Marketing Mix Elements on Tourist's Satisfaction towards Five Stars
Harjeet Kaur 4 Hotel Services in Dubai during COVID-19 335
HELP University College, Malaysia Ashraf JAHMANI, Omar JAWABREH, Reneh ABOKHOZA, Ali Mahmoud ALRABEI
Janusz Grabara
Czestochowa University of Technology, Key Factors to Promote a Vulnerable Region as a Competitive Tourist Destination
5 Diego MARÍN-IDÁRRAGA, Juan SÁNCHEZ-TORRES, Pedro SANABRIA-RANGEL 347
Poland
Vicky Katsoni
Techonological Educational Institute of Explore the Potential for Tourist Scams in Indonesia
Athens, Greece 6 Tarjo TARJO, Alexander ANGGONO, Eklamsia SAKTI, Zakik ZAKIK, Muh SYARIF, 363
Otniel SAFKAUR, Jamaliah SAID
Sebastian Kot
Competitiveness of Milk Production. New Perspectives for Developing a New Direction
Czestochowa University of Technology,
in Tourism: Dairy Tourism
The Institute of Logistics and International 7 Anar YERNAZAROVA, Karlygash ALYONOVA, Zhibek ANAFIYAYEVA,
369
Management, Poland
Anar NUKESHEVA, Adaskhan DARIBAYEVA, Azhar KIZIMBAYEVA
Nodar Lekishvili
The Applications of Technology Acceptance Models in Tourism and Hospitality
Tibilisi State University, Georgia
8 Research: A Systematic Literature Review 379
Andreea Marin-Pantelescu Youssef EL ARCHI, Brahim BENBBA
Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest,
Rising Customer Loyalty with Beneficial Impact on Service Quality Dimensions during
Romania
9 the COVID-19 Pandemic for Tourism in Thailand 392
Piotr Misztal MUSRIHA, Diana RAPITASARI
The Jan Kochanowski University in
Features of Rural Tourism as an Element of Kazakh Culture during the Pandemic
Kielce, Poland
Syndrome
Agnieszka Mrozik 10 Aitolkyn TLEUBAYEVA, Altynbek ZHAKUPOV, Roza SHOKHAN, 398
University of Silesia, Poland Aizharkyn NURGAZINA, Zhanbota KARIPBAYEV, Maral SIYEUBAYEVA,
Chuen-Chee Pek Makhabbat DOSSOVA
Nottingham University Business School, Tourism of Ukraine as a Type of Business before and during the War
Malaysia Ilona YASNOLOB, Nataliia DEMIANENKO, Oleksandr GALYCH, Oleg GORB,
11 417
Roberta De Santis Olena YEHOROVA, Roman LIPSKYI, Tetyana BOROVYK, Inna MYKOLENKO,
LUISS University, Italy Nataliia PROTSIUK
Fabio Gaetano Santeramo Development of Mangrove Ecotourism Based on The Tourist Perspective in Lembung
University of Foggia, Italy 12 Village, Indonesia 425
Akhmad FARID, Apri ARISANDI, Akhmad Farhan FARIDY, Moh. Wahyudi PRIYANTO
Dan Selişteanu
University of Craiova, Romania Tennis Tournaments from the Perspective of Sport Tourism
13 Alexandru-Nicolae BANCIU, Claudiu-Ionut POPIRLAN, Germina COSMA
435
Lesia Kucher, Lviv Polytechnic National
University, Ukraine
Laura Ungureanu
Spiru Haret University, Romania

ASERS Publishing
http://www.asers.eu/asers-publishing
ISSN 2068 – 7729
Journal DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt
 Spring 2023
Volume XIV
Issue 2(66)
Overtourism in a City Destination from the Perspective of Entrepreneurs: Evidence
from Wroclaw, Poland
Editor in Chief: Ramona Pîrvu Wojciech FEDYK, Mariusz SOŁTYSIK, Tomasz RÓLCZYŃSKI, Babak TAHERI, 442
University of Craiova, Romania 14
Jacek BORZYSZKOWSKI, Fevzi OKUMUS
Co-Editor: Cristina Barbu Entrepreneurial Leadership Values in Tourism Classroom Teaching. Enhancing the
Spiru Haret University, Romania Learning Processes for Tourism Business
15 458
Muh. FAHRURROZI, Hamzani WATHONI, Hasan BASRI, MOHZANA,
Editorial Board Astrid DWIMAULANI
Omran Abdelnaser A Study on the Causality Relationship between Total Capital Increase, Foreign
University Sains Malaysia, Malaysia 16 Investments, and Tourism Sector Revenues in Azerbaijan 469
Nigar HUSEYNLI
Huong Ha
University of Newcastle, Singapore, Socio-Economic Consequences of the Transition to Organic Agriculture and Its Impact
Australia 17 on Ecotourism 477
Rassul KARABASSOV, Kairat NURMAGANBETOV, Kairat BODAUKHAN,
Harjeet Kaur
Aisulu KULMAGANBETOVA, Gulnar ORYNBEKOVA, Zhibek OMARKHANOVA
HELP University College, Malaysia
Accessibility of Women's Empowerment in Tourism Industry from Mandalika Special
Janusz Grabara 18 491
Economic Zone
Czestochowa University of Technology,
SYAFRUDDIN, Muh. SALAHUDDIN, NURHILALIATI
Poland
Factors Influencing Customer Attitudes towards Online Food Delivery Application
Vicky Katsoni
19 after the COVID-19 Epidemic in Jordanian Restaurants 500
Techonological Educational Institute of
Bashar M. AL NAJDAWI, Mohammad KHASAWNEH, Issam M. AL-MAKHADMAH,
Athens, Greece
Hakam SHATNAWI, Qusay KHALEEFAH, Ramzi AL ROUSAN
Sebastian Kot
Marine Tourism-Based Sustainable Community Empowerment Model in the New
Czestochowa University of Technology,
20 Normal Era 513
The Institute of Logistics and International
Elimawaty ROMBE, Zakiyah ZAHARA, Rosida P. ADAM, Suardi SUARDI, Moh. TAUFAL
Management, Poland
The Effect of Creativity Skill, Motivation, Locus of Control on Self-Efficiency That
Nodar Lekishvili
21 Impact on the Success of Culinary Tourism Entrepreneurs in North Sumatra 522
Tibilisi State University, Georgia
Rasmulia SEMBIRING, Umi Yusniar LUBIS, SYAIFUDDIN
Andreea Marin-Pantelescu The Sustainable Development Strategy of the Light Industry and New Orientations
Academy of Economic Studies Bucharest, towards Ecotourism 529
Romania 22
Bakytzhan MUKHAN, Altyn YESSIRKEPOVA, Aigul TULEMETOVA,
Piotr Misztal Nazgul ORAZAYEVA, Ayimzhan ZHAKESHOVA, Daulet KANASHAYEV
The Jan Kochanowski University in The Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Risk Management Perception in Tourism
Kielce, Poland 23 Business 540
Agnieszka Mrozik Nguyen Van NINH
University of Silesia, Poland Kazakhstan Tourism Industry in Promoting Sustainable Agriculture Development
Chuen-Chee Pek 24 Bakytgul AINAKANOVA, Anar NUKESHEVA, Zhaskairat SUNDETULY, 552
Nottingham University Business School, Aigul KAZKENOVA, Zhibek OMARKHANOVA, Anar YERNAZAROVA
Malaysia Motives to Visit Urban Ecotourism Sites: A Study of A Botanical Garden in South
Roberta De Santis 25 Africa 563
LUISS University, Italy Uwe P HERMANN, Samantha C BOUWER
Fabio Gaetano Santeramo Determinants of Sustainable Tourism Destinations in Indonesia
University of Foggia, Italy 26 Pasaman SILABAN, Wisnu Rayhan ADHITYA, KHAERUMAN, Surya Wisada DACHI, 575
Dan Selişteanu Joli AFRIANI, Siti AISYAH, Sunday Ade SITORUS
University of Craiova, Romania The Dynamics of Religious Tourism. Case Study: Romania
27 582
Lesia Kucher, Lviv Polytechnic National Laura UNGUREANU
University, Ukraine
Laura Ungureanu
Spiru Haret University, Romania

ASERS Publishing
http://www.asers.eu/asers-publishing
ISSN 2068 – 7729
Journal DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt
 Call for Papers
Journal of Environmental Management and Summer
Tourism Issues 2023
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism

Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism is an interdisciplinary research journal, aimed

to publish articles and original research papers that should contribute to the development of both
experimental and theoretical nature in the field of Environmental Management and Tourism Sciences.
Journal will publish original research and seeks to cover a wide range of topics regarding
environmental management and engineering, environmental management and health, environmental
chemistry, environmental protection technologies (water, air, soil), pollution reduction at source and
waste minimization, energy and environment, modeling, simulation and optimization for environmental
protection; environmental biotechnology, environmental education and sustainable development,
environmental strategies and policies, etc. This topic may include the fields indicated above, but are not
limited to these.
Authors are encouraged to submit high quality, original works that discuss the latest
developments in environmental management research and application with the certain scope to share
experiences and research findings and to stimulate more ideas and useful insights regarding current
best-practices and future directions in environmental management.
Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism is indexed in SCOPUS, RePEc, CEEOL,
ProQuest, EBSCO and Cabell Directory databases.
All the papers will be first considered by the Editors for general relevance, originality and
significance. If accepted for review, papers will then be subject to double blind peer review.

Deadline for submission: 21st April 2023

Expected publication date: June 2023
Website: https://journals.aserspublishing.eu/jemt
E-mail: jemt@aserspublishing.eu
asers.jemt@gmail.com

To prepare your paper for submission, please see full author guidelines in the following file:
JEMT_Full_Paper_Template.docx, then send it via email at jemt@aserspublishing.eu.
 Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jemt.14.2(66).12

Development of Mangrove Ecotourism Based on the Tourist Perspective in

Lembung Village, Indonesia
Akhmad FARID
Department of Natural Resource Management
Trunojoyo Madura University, Indonesia
akhmadfarid@trunojoyo.ac.id
Apri ARISANDI
Department of Natural Resource Management
Trunojoyo Madura University, Indonesia
apriarisandi@trunojoyo.ac.id
Akhmad Farhan FARIDY
Department of Aquatic Resources Management
Trunojoyo Madura University, Indonesia
farhanfaridy03@gmail.com
Moh. Wahyudi PRIYANTO
Department of Agribusiness
Trunojoyo Madura University, Indonesia
wahyudi.priyanto@trunojoyo.ac.id

Suggested Citation:
Farid, A., Arisandi, A., Faridy, A.F., Priyanto, M.W. (2023). Development of Mangrove Ecotourism Based on The Tourist
Perspective in Lembung Village, Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism, (Volume XIV, Spring), 2(66):
425 - 434. DOI:10.14505/jemt.v14.2(66).12
Article’s History:
Received 3rd of January 2023; Received in revised form 21st of January 2023; Accepted 24th of February 2023; Published
31st of March 2023. Copyright © 2023 by ASERS® Publishing. All rights reserved.
Abstract:
Ecotourism development can be carried out using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. The community
perception of ecotourism is very important in its development with the hope that involvement in the management will
increase business opportunities and income. Furthermore, the community can preserve local arts and culture, as well as
reduce the destruction of mangrove forest areas. The perception of tourism objects is very important in developing the
Lembung Mangrove Ecotourism, especially the improvement of infrastructures such as suspension bridges and cleaning
facilities. The recommendations for development strategies include (1) completing the supporting infrastructure for natural
tourism activities, such as roads, bridges, cleaning facilities, and others. (2) carrying out intensive promotions (3) making
special policies in the development of ecotourism, (4) synergizing with traditional arts and culture, as well as (5) empowering
local communities in its activities. The Lembung Mangrove Ecotourism has a good natural potential as a tourist destination,
and the availability of a fairly dense mangrove forest is the main factor for visit to this place. Therefore, this study aims to
analyze the level of tourists' satisfaction using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method, and to determine the
Lembung Mangrove Ecotourism Development Strategy.
Keywords: development; mangrove; ecotourism; Pamekasan; Indonesia.
JEL Classification: L83; O00; Z32; R11.
Introduction
Ecotourism development can be carried out through the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. The
community perception of ecotourism is very important in its development with the hope that involvement in the

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management will increase business opportunities and income. Furthermore, the community can preserve local
arts, culture, as well as reduce the destruction of mangrove forest areas. The perception of tourism objects is
important in the development of Lembung Mangrove Ecotourism, especially the improvement of infrastructures
such as suspension bridges and cleaning facilities. The recommendations for development strategies include (1)
completing the supporting infrastructure for natural tourism activities, especially ecotourism, such as roads,
bridges, cleaning facilities, and others. (2) carrying out intensive promotions (3) making special policies in the
development of ecotourism, (4) synergizing with traditional arts and culture, and (5) empowering local
communities in its activities (Hidayat 2016).
Ecotourism combines the interests of the tourism industry with a love for the environment. Therefore,
protection and preservation can only be achieved by involving the community that lives and depend on the
developed area. It can also be carried out by making friends with the surrounding population in an effort to
develop tourism (Directorate of Tourism Products, Directorate General of Tourism Destination Development,
Ministry of Tourism Culture and Tourism, and WWF Indonesia 2009).
Ecotourism is becoming one of the most promising sectors for regional development on a global scale.
Along with this development, it cannot be separated from tourists' presence, hence the role is very important in
reference to the growth and strategy of ecotourism starting from good governance and adequate facilities. This
effort aims to provide benefit both by presenting natural areas and developing the environment in terms of
conservation (Tanaya and Rudiarto 2014).
The Lembung Mangrove has a good natural potential as a tourist destination, and the availability of a fairly
dense mangrove forest is the main factor to visit this place. However, inadequate facilities are one of the reasons
for poor management, such as fresh water shortage caused by limited sources on the coast of South Beach of
Pamekasan, and the absence of lodging for tourists. This spot is still relatively new, consequently, it is not well
known in other communities. Therefore, it is necessary to gain support from the local government to carry out
promotional programs to introduce ecotourism-based conservation tourism (Ariesta 2012). This study aims to
analyze tourists' satisfaction levels using the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method, and to determine
the Lembung Mangrove Ecotourism Development Strategy.
1. Literature Review
Ecotourism is an activity of tourism travel, travel that is packaged professionally, trained, and contains elements
of education, as an economic business sector, which takes into account cultural heritage, participation, and
welfare of residents, as well as efforts to conserve natural resources and the environment (Prasadja and
Singgalen 2022). As an economic venture, ecotourism service operations are very efficient and streamlined. Its
characteristics are the low number of visitor groups, quality service, and generate high added value. Aspects of
management that include (i) specific marketing towards ecotourism destinations, (ii) ecotourism markets are
visitors from all over the world who master information technology, (iii) skills and services intensively, containing
educational services on the environment and culture, and (iv) involvement residents as subjects of environmental
and cultural conservation learning. Ecotourism institutions in Indonesia cannot be separated (Trimandala,
Kiskenda, and Panca P 2022).
Eviana and Achmadi (2022) explains that customer satisfaction is the level where the product's Perceived
Performance will match the expectations of a customer. Sundram and Abdul Gani (2022) states that satisfaction
is the customer's response to the fulfillment of needs, which means that the customer's assessment of goods or
services provides a level of comfort associated with fulfilling a need, including meeting needs that do not meet
expectations or fulfillment that exceeds customer expectations.
Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) was first introduced by (Martilla and James 1997) explaining that
the aim is to measure the relationship between consumer perceptions and product/service quality improvement
priorities, also known as quadrant analysis. Importance Performance Analysis has been generally accepted and
used in various fields of study because of its ease of application, and the display of analysis results which makes
it easy to propose performance improvements (Trimandala, Kiskenda, and Panca P 2022). Importance
Performance Analysis has the main function of displaying information related to service factors which according to
consumers greatly affect their satisfaction and loyalty, as well as service factors which according to consumers
need to be improved because current conditions are not satisfactory (Sundram and Abdul Gani 2022).
According to Farid, Rosi, and Arisandi (2022), there are 4 types of mangroves in the Lembung Mangrove
Ecotourism area, Galis District, Pamekasan Regency, namely Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata,
Rhizophora stylosa, and Avicennia marina with moderate diversity index values, high uniformity index values, and

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Low dominance index. Rhizophora mucronata is seen as more dominant than other commodities, it is suspected
that the area has sufficient habitat, and this type of mangrove is better at utilizing its environment (well-adapted).
2. Methodology
Time and Location
This study was carried out in June - July 2021, at Lembung Mangrove Ecotourism, Galis Sub-district, Pamekasan
District, East Java, Indonesia. Furthermore, data were collected through a questionnaire on weekends (Saturday
and Sunday) for three weeks.
Figure 1. Research location

Data Analysis
The satisfaction level was analyzed to describe the opinions of tourists visiting the Mangrove. Furthermore, the
Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) was used, which is an analytical method that combines the attributes of
importance and satisfaction with service quality into two dimensions.
The stages include determining the observation variables, weighting, measuring the conformity level, and
making a Cartesian diagram. The formula for the conformity level is as follows:
𝑋𝑖
𝑇𝑘𝑖 = 𝑥100%
𝑌𝑖
Description:
Tki : Conformity level
Xi : Perception/opinion assessment score
Yi : Importance level score
Table 1. Satisfaction and importance level assessment score
Measurement Scale Satisfaction Level Importance Level
1 Very Dissatisfied Very unimportant
2 Not satisfied Unimportant
3 Quite satisfied Quite important
4 Satisfied Important
5 Very satisfied Very important

In formula simplification, each attribute affecting tourist satisfaction used the formula (Martilla and James
1997).

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∑ 𝑋𝑖 ∑ 𝑌𝑖
𝑋̅ = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑌̅ =
𝑛 𝑛
Description:
n: The number of respondents
The following is the formula for objective limits in attribute mapping on a Cartesian diagram (Martilla and
James 1997).
∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋̅𝑖 ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑌̅𝑖
𝑋̿ = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑌̿ =
𝐾 𝐾
Description:
K: Number of items/attributes rated by visitors
Figure 2. Quadrant division diagram for Importance Performance Analysis

Source: Martilla and James (1997)

The Figure 2 consists of four quadrants which can be explained as follows: Quadrant I: Keep Up the Good
Work (main priority), which contains tourism attributes that are considered important by tourists but do not meet
their expectations. Quadrant II: Possible Overkill, which indicates that the attributes are important, have high
performance, and need to be maintained. Quadrant III: Low Priority, the attributes contained in this quadrant are
considered less important by tourists and the performance is not very special. Quadrant IV: Concentrate Here
(Excessive), which contains attributes that are considered less important and felt to be too excessive.
3. Results and Discussion
The characteristics of potential tourists visiting Lembung Mangrove Ecotourism are as follows. The Figure 3
shows the proportion of tourist visits by gender in each destination. It is dominated by males and females with
57% and 43% respectively. Based on age, it is dominated by 16-25 years at 64%, 26-35 at 23%, >45 at 3%, and
<15 at 10%.
Figure 3. Diagram of Tourist Visits by Gender and Age

Gender Age
<15 yo
>35… 10%

25-35
Female yo
43% 23%
Male
57% 16-25
yo
64%

Source: Primary data analysis

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The Figure 4 shows the proportion of tourist visits by occupation, and is categorized into five. The bulk of
those visiting are predominantly civil servants at 5%, private employees at 27%, students at 39%, housewives at
8%, entrepreneurs at 13%, and others at 8%. Based on visits by level of education, it is more dominated by high
school graduates/equivalent at 61%, undergraduates at 27%, junior high school/equivalent at 7%, diploma at 3%,
and elementary school at 2%. Therefore, it was concluded that the highest proportion was high school
educational level and the lowest was elementary.
Figure 4. Diagram of Tourist Visits by Occupation and Education

Primary Junior
Occupation Education school high
2% school
7%
Others
8% Private-
sector Bachelor
employee 27%
27%

Student Civil
39% servant Diploma
3% Senior
5% high
school
Entrepren 61%
Housewife eur
8% 13%

Source: Primary data analysis

The Figure 5 shows the proportion of tourists based on their origin. The majority come from Madura Island
with 75%, outside the city but within the province with 18%, and outside the province with 7%. Based on
motivation and purpose, the majority wants to be refreshed, enjoy the beauty of nature, vacation, and recreation
after long periods of busy activities, hence they need entertainment and fun tour.
Figure 5. Diagram of Tourist Visits by Tourist Origin and Motivation and Purpose

Origin Other Motivation And Purpose

provinces Other
7% Studies 5%
3%
Other
cities
within the
Recreatio
province
n Refreshin
18%
14% g
38%
Madura Holiday
21% Enjoy
Island nature's
75% splendor
19%

Source: Primary data analysis

The Figure 6 shows visits based on the frequency. It is dominated by new visits for the first time at 41%.
The frequency can be divided into five categories, namely first time, rarely (once a year), quite often (2-6 times
yearly), often (regularly every month), and very often (more than once per month). Based on information sources,
the most dominant information source comes from friends/colleagues at 74%, then the internet at 16%, family at
5%, and self-information at 5%.

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Figure 6. Diagram of Tourist Visits by Visit Frequency and Information Sources

Visit Frequency Information Sources

Very Self
often Internet 5%
10% Family 16%
Often
12% 5%
First time
41%
Quite
often Friends/c
17% olleagues
Rarely 74%
20%

Source: Primary data analysis

Table 2. Importance performance analysis attribute based on conformity level and importance
Conformity
No IPA Attribute X Y
Level (%)
1 Water quality 204 278 73.4
2 Coral reef condition 191 272 70.5
3 Potential fish resources 181 267 67.8
4 Wave height 209 226 92.5
5 Water brightness 202 255 79.2
6 Diversity of fish species 192 250 76.8
7 White sand quality and quantity 208 242 86
8 Beach slope 193 259 74.5
9 Beach length 211 244 86.5
10 Air temperature 262 274 95.6
11 Water Current 198 261 75.9
12 The existence of the mangrove ecosystem 208 245 84.9
13 Security post availability 228 250 91.2
14 Availability of parking space 238 282 84.4
15 Availability of road signs and directions 246 272 90.5
16 Regular placement of tourist facilities and infrastructure 230 259 88.9
17 Availability of information and service centers 224 276 81.2
18 Cleanliness of the physical condition of the environment 223 285 78.2
19 Availability of sanitation facilities such as toilets and trash bins 232 286 81.1
20 The condition of the road network to tourist objects 209 261 80
21 Availability of transportation modes to tourist objects 168 258 65.1
22 Availability of accommodation facilities such as hotels and inns 144 264 54.5
23 Easy to reach tourist attraction 234 265 88.3
24 Availability of places to eat and drink 215 249 86.3
25 Availability of utilities such as electricity grid, clean water, and communication 135 281 48
26 Availability of travel agents 172 242 71
27 Affordable ticket fees 241 252 96
28 The beauty of natural objects 211 263 80.2
29 The beauty of artificial objects 209 255 82
30 Gives a feeling of pleasure and comfort 210 272 77.2
31 Suitable for gathering place with family or friends 225 262 85.9
32 Offering a variety of types of tours 208 253 82.2
33 The authenticity of natural objects 202 256 78.9
34 Special regional cultural arts attractions 189 251 75.3
35 Local specialties and drinks 165 257 64.2

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Conformity
No IPA Attribute X Y
Level (%)
36 Unique regional souvenirs 182 251 72.5
Total 7399 9375 2846.7
Average 79.075
Source: Primary data analysis
In percentage, the conformity level shows 31%-45% of respondents are dissatisfied/not good, 46%-60%
not satisfied/not good, 61%-75% quite satisfied/good enough, 76%-85% satisfied/good, and 86% - 100% very
satisfied/good. Based on the Table 2, 64% to 96% of tourists visiting the Mangrove Ecotourism with respect to the
attributes and variables are very satisfied. It exceeds the average conformity value of 79%.
Table 3. Importance performance analysis attribute based on conformity level and importance
No IPA Attribute X Y ̅
𝒀
1 Water quality 204 278 3.40
2 Coral reef condition 191 272 3.18
3 Potential fish resources 181 267 3.02
4 Wave height 209 226 3.48
5 Water brightness 202 255 3.37
6 Diversity of fish species 192 250 3.20
7 White sand quality and quantity 208 242 3.47
8 Beach slope 193 259 3.22
9 Beach length 211 244 3.52
10 Air temperature 262 274 4.37
11 Water Current 198 261 3.30
12 The existence of the mangrove ecosystem 208 245 3.47
13 Security post availability 228 250 3.80
14 Availability of parking space 238 282 3.97
15 Availability of road signs and directions 246 272 4.10
16 Regular placement of tourist facilities and infrastructure 230 259 3.83
17 Availability of information and service centers 224 276 3.73
18 Cleanliness of the physical condition of the environment 223 285 3.72
19 Availability of sanitation facilities such as toilets and trash bins 232 286 3.87
20 The condition of the road network to tourist objects 209 261 3.48
21 Availability of transportation modes to tourist objects 168 258 2.80
22 Availability of accommodation facilities such as hotels and inns 144 264 2.40
23 Easy to reach tourist attraction 234 265 3.90
24 Availability of places to eat and drink 215 249 3.58
25 Availability of utilities such as electricity grid, clean water, and communication 135 281 2.25
26 Availability of travel agents 172 242 2.87
27 Affordable ticket fees 241 252 4.02
28 The beauty of natural objects 211 263 3.52
29 The beauty of artificial objects 209 255 3.48
30 Gives a feeling of pleasure and comfort 210 272 3.50
31 Suitable for gathering place with family or friends 225 262 3.75
32 Offering a variety of types of tours 208 253 3.47
33 The authenticity of natural objects 202 256 3.37
34 Special regional cultural arts attractions 189 251 3.15
35 Local specialties and drinks 165 257 2.75
36 Unique regional souvenirs 182 251 3.03
Total 7399 9375 123.32
Average 3.43
Source: Primary data analysis
There are 36 attributes in the table but only 25 are deemed appropriate/satisfied with the state of the
tourism objects in the Mangrove Ecotourism, where 69% are satisfied with the attractions. The average
satisfaction level then becomes the horizontal axis, while the average importance level becomes the vertical, as
indicated by the coordinates (X, Y). Therefore, to improve the attributes, the process of calculating the average

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satisfaction and importance level of the derived and variable attributes of visits was carried out. Table 4.3 shows
the value of the objective limit of satisfaction (X) is 3.43 and importance (Y) is 4.34.
Table 4. Importance performance analysis attribute based on conformity level and importance
No Attributes
1 Water brightness
2 Diversity of fish species
3 Water current
4 The existence of the mangrove ecosystem
5 Availability of parking space
6 The availability of an information and service center
7 Cleanliness of the physical condition of the environment
8 Availability of sanitation facilities such as toilets and trash bins
9 Road conditions to the tourist attraction
10 The beauty of natural objects
11 The beauty of artificial objects
12 Provides a feeling of pleasure and comfort
13 The variety of types of tours offered
14 The authenticity of natural objects
15 Wave height
16 White sand quality and quantity
17 Beach length
18 Air temperature
19 Availability of a security post
20 Availability of road signs and directions
21 Regular placement of tourist facilities and infrastructure
22 Ease of reaching tourist attractions
23 Availability of places to eat and drink
24 Affordable ticket cost
25 Suitable for gathering place with family or friends
Source: Primary data analysis
Based on the IPA matrix diagram (Figure 7), it can be grouped between attributes in quadrants I, II, III, and
IV. The attributes' position in the diagram is used in prioritizing improvement and development. More details can
be seen in Table 5.
Figure 7. Matrix of Importance Performance Analysis of Lembung Mangrove Ecotourism

Source: Primary data analysis

Attribute 12 (the existence of a mangrove ecosystem) has the lowest satisfaction level among others in the
top priority quadrant. Although tourists place this attribute at a high level of importance, they feel its existence
needs to be improved in terms of species diversity, density, and area of mangroves. This will enhance further
exploration which is supported by the availability of bridge facilities to traverse the forest.

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Table 5. Recapitulation of the position of the ipa attribute and quadrant in lembung mangrove ecotourism
No IPA Attribute IPA Quadrant
1 Water quality Excessive
2 Coral reef condition Excessive
3 Potential fish resources Excessive
4 Wave height Main priority
5 Water brightness Low priority
6 Diversity of fish species Low priority
7 White sand quality and quantity Main priority
8 Beach slope Low priority
9 Beach length Main priority
10 Air temperature Keep up the achievements
11 Water Current Low priority
12 The existence of the mangrove ecosystem Main priority
13 Security post availability Keep up the achievements
14 Availability of parking space Keep up the achievements
15 Availability of road signs and directions Keep up the achievements
16 Regular placement of tourist facilities and infrastructure Main priority
17 Availability of information and service centers Keep up the achievements
18 Cleanliness of the physical condition of the environment Keep up the achievements
19 Availability of sanitation facilities such as toilets and trash bins Keep up the achievements
20 Road network to tourist objects Excessive
21 Availability of transportation modes to tourist objects Excessive
22 Availability of accommodation facilities such as hotels and inns Excessive
23 Easy to reach tourist attraction Keep up the achievements
24 Availability of places to eat and drink Main priority
25 Availability of utilities such as electricity grid, clean water, and communication Excessive
26 Availability of travel agents Low priority
27 Affordable ticket fees Main priority
28 The beauty of natural objects Keep up the achievements
29 The beauty of artificial objects Main priority
30 Gives a feeling of pleasure and comfort Keep up the achievements
31 Suitable for gathering place with family or friends Main priority
32 Offering a variety of types of tours Low priority
33 The authenticity of natural objects Keep up the achievements
34 Special regional cultural arts attractions Low priority
35 Local specialties and drinks Keep up the achievements
36 Unique regional souvenirs Low priority
Source: Primary data analysis
Attribute 19 (availability of sanitation facilities and toilets such as trash bins) has the highest importance
and it is in the "keep up the achievement" quadrant. This explains that tourists want proper sanitation facilities
which during the COVID-19 pandemic required standard health protocols and a hygienic environment. Also, they
are satisfied with the performance of sanitation facilities and toilets, such as adequate and clean trash cans,
hence their achievements need to be maintained.
Attribute 5 (brightness of the waters) has a fairly high satisfaction level but is in an excessive quadrant and
its benefits are not too felt. This is because most tourists just want to enjoy the beauty of the mangrove forest, sit
back and relax while documenting their vacation in several photo spots.
The low priority quadrant is considered less important and the field performance is not very special.
Furthermore, the benefits felt by tourists in this quadrant are very small. Attribute 26 (availability of travel agents)
is in the low quadrant with the lowest level of importance. The unavailability of a travel agent is one of the factors
they feel is not very important, because the location from the city center of Pamekasan is less than 10 kilometers
and is not taken by the sea, hence it does not require an agent. Moreover, these agents require more expenses
that are being incurred by tourists. Therefore, they assume that this attribute is not very important and the
benefits obtained are not too good.
Attribute 11 (water currents) is in the low priority quadrant with the highest level of importance. However,
tourists consider that the water currents in the Mangrove Ecotourism are relatively small due to the shallow depth.

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Current is the horizontal movement of water masses which is caused by wind blowing on the sea surface, density
differences, or the influence of tides. Due to these factors, a special current circulation pattern is formed
(Ramadyan and Radjawane 2013).
Conclusion
1. Based on the data, attributes of the variables in the Mangrove Ecotourism, namely the value of the objective
limit of satisfaction (X) is 3.43 and that of interest level (Y) is 4.34.
2. The average satisfaction level is considered very satisfied by tourists with a value of 79%. Furthermore, out of
36 attributes, only 25 were considered satisfactory, therefore 69% of tourists are satisfied with the objects.
3. Attribute 12 (the existence of mangrove forests) is in the lowest level of satisfaction among others in the top
priority quadrant. This explains that tourists feel the need for an increase in the existence of mangrove forests
in terms of species diversity, density, and area.
4. Attribute 19 (availability of sanitation facilities such as toilets and trash) is in the highest importance level
because it is in the "keep up the achievement" quadrant. Although the value of the highest level felt in this
quadrant is in attribute 10 (air temperature).
5. Attribute 26 (availability of travel agents) is in the low priority quadrant with a less importance level.
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