23

CHAPTER
Errors and
Experiments
Multiple Choice Questions (Single Correct Options)
LCsaSder the meter bridge A B C99D stop watch of least count AT and he commits a human
MB shown in the error of 0.1 sec. For which of the following data, the
Cgran. let the resistance
measurement of g will be most accurate ?
have temperature
coeficient a and the 10cm AT Amplitude of oscillation
CAStATCe from the
(a) 5mm 0.2 sec 10 5 mm
theostat box (RB) bave the temperature coefficient
8 La the reading of the meter scale be 10 cm from (b) 5 mm 0.2 sec 20 5 mm
e LHS. If the temperature of the two resistance
(c) 5mm 0.l sec 20 I mm
TCASe by small temperature AT then, what is the
shft n the position of the null point ? Neglect all the (d) 1mm 0l sec 50 1mm
oher changes in the bridge due to temperature rise.
(b) 9(a +a) AT 4. Students 1, II and Ill perform an experiment for
measuring the acceleration due to gravity (g) using
a,)a7 (4) ;a,-a,) AT pendulum. They use different lengths of the perndulum
Lk Vernier callipers the main scale and the Vernier andior record time for difterent number of
cae are made up d1fferent materials. When the room oscillations. The observations are shown in the table.
cmperature increases by AT°Cit is found the reading Least count for length =0.l cm
O tàe instrument remains the same. Earlier 1t was Least count for time =0.1 s
bserved that the front edge of the wooden rod placed
Student Length of Number of Total time Time
u tacasurement crOSSed the Nn main scale division the oscillations for (n) period
ad N +2 msdcoincided with the 2nd vsd. Initially, 10 pendulum (n) oscillations (s)
coincided with 9 msd. If cocfficient of linear (cm) (S)
Ctpansion of the main scale is a1 and that of the 64.0 128.0 16.0
erner scale 1s then what is the value offaj / a, ?
Ilagnore
3
the expansion of the rod on heating)
N)
64.0 4 64.0 16.0
20.0 4 36.0
(b) 1.8 (N+2) 9.0
tc} t84N-2)
(d) None of these If E, En and Eu are the percentage errors in g, ie,
atent pertorms an experiment for deterrnination
(Ae x100|for students I, Il and llI, respectively
nand he commits an error of A. For
(a) Ej=0 (b) Ej is minimum
men takes the tins of nuscllations with the (c) Ej = EI (d) E is marIMum
 11. 10.
9. 8. 7. 6. S. 23.2
Cotdr
duvisiu,
sphere FbuWhen L.(c)ms
the volune The (Correct U (ai was l A(b) honzontal (a) the Modulus, to
long In (d) (c) Systamnalle
(b) (a)relativeusing Two 3.7(C5) 3.7(a)0 (a) Whch
()umber
divIsKOn wce sec body 06
petcentage 0 3 6x wire be 0
lor absolute 14S
(27S dens1ty afor relative for
e wireSearle'srelative for absolute
ts the 35 thunder
x10' given masses +11Sexpress 00145
is Ma Ma same 00
wbetes placed gauge
gap 3210.0l)g
ms to l0 if
M error of of
th inittal nOving inicrometer
pos1tion when
is p sig1ficant its crrors em
sign1ticant
he n s constant NmNn a
experiment anderrOr anderror anderror anderTOr weighing cm the
its error gIven of cross n AM,
eating whoSe closed quarter alessersamelessersamelesser lesser two
e CrCular
2S a veloc1ty from load same same are following
tercnGe tnp piece scctional of und answer
andV=(364l by acceleration
digits) involved) digits
divIDR on without leust height
sprit screw of for for for for for mcasurements
fum to r for for mach1ne.
will for
S0 both, Mg M
inc maia 03%0.02.
di0(b) the of (d) 0.(b)ns 9 with (d) (b) level. both, Ma both, MB both, in
vOunN be determination
having
in kg M (M 3.(d8) (b3.)7 (d) quantities
(b) ?
metal arca comect
on
ale placing relation. 0 0.1
rnone
1.5
n scale nd : 8 which order is absoluteabsoluterelativerelative 14s.0 14
is of Young'
x is s added Absolute <
ts t0.01) of m's pitch are: Mg) s0
aiR 0 0.5 1o''Nim?
m of 10 s1gnificant
advances
crculr when to x10 em
Seale. 0Sany tothese (Assume has
p=miV. mass itms.
restore to error error error error ar e
cm', r=l.2 modulus m 1 of
object started mm a error cm
Therescale amm, ' is Young'3s greater greater greater grcater weighed snallest
snal
by What : needs meter digits
the then and only and
4 in If ? inm ofthe
:

-position 1s. 14. 13.

{a) lensis:
diagramThe12.
trom (c) (a)
Options connected
: unknown
connected
between
The between box.
incomplete The 34.6(c) m39.0(a) m' 3.26(cm (a)cm
c) 2.78Which
Graph ms. ground
notbe
a at A of (c) 4.10(a)mmthe are
0 CE, CD, an
t00S 50 projectile callipers. 2sphere
a Batterydiagram angle diviston200 on
-31 convex ofCD, CE, galvanometer reading 10
at mm
position possible the
FD, BF, The resistance sketch measured GRS
em-20-30 lens is same 60°. is shows
thrown is 3cm
BFFD key connected shows Top
is of between of answer level It correct
shown.image a the part circular the
Scaleis Rankers
K, The
POan then
projectile with :
-10 PdnOodT is is ? of
(d) (b) - (d) (b) is 32.0
(d) 37.5
m (b) m for 3.64(d)cm3.l0((b)
cm
A
th2.05
e mm mm
(b)
(d) 4.0S
5 Then, DF, DA, connected range. which velocity Senes S
0s0
00 Vernier
10 20 30 31focal
CE, BC, falls 4cm
0.10 +0. EF of t= Physics
ofFD, Consider =20m'sz9%
10 BE. following scale
cmcm
length point back
BFFD betwcs toy
ofe ebit
 Multtle Cheleo Qusatlons (More Than One Corrert
Options)
etly ! m long, by
Iainy, llhe eludeut
he in the lpllh ol the wte lu

. In s teaneolumn expermnt, the letgh of ait

witlt au nertalnty
ut nTake g mteuct), Ihe Younu's will1 a poille nedetetnitste ertot of 0|cm With
obuaned nthe Ieadng ia!
Te poseble wavelength of the nnd san be
(4) $2 2 n (b) $2 4 In
(e) S25 cm (d) $19 m

Comprehenslon Based Questlons

TN MiNCIl pavilational eonNLant in Deasuted
lhe quantily conecrned is less than ot equal to S% The
crtor ls defined a9
oRmeatally using Cavendish'y experiuent This
aprnt n vety pevIse experiment which give# J00
value ol ti as (ha742 00010) |0 "Nmiku'. Aueal
Sumg the univeal ptavilational constant has Nome Adesl is tlhc value of the quantity tn ideal situaton and
my i it. uKng it if we find evape specd and Aeal s the value of the quantity in real situatíon e g.
clertion due to gravity on orth's yurfince, our we say tlhat the centre of mavs of a
ines will hAve etrorr in it. (Assume MANN ol arth
seInicircular ring is
2R
0010g and radiUs of Earth e 6.4000 x 10" m). This s Adeaj- But in real1ty.
Nm many igniticant digits will the acecleration due
ring is on onnular disc. Its centre of
(b) 3
mass can be found Lo he at
Wa ll be the asim) percentage crror in 3n (R, + R) This is
alktuiatrmy the eape speed on farth (The Aosl. In p gIVen situation, we can find error en
Tent of us of Farth bas an error of 0.01%% eatimation of centre of mass of the ring.
ddun ot karth has an errur of 0 02%) ? 1, What should be the inner
radius/outer radins « that
(b) 0 02250% error is just acceptable ?
(d) 0.0025% 009 28 +459
(a) (b)
60

CIene wheh deais with practscal life. As 23+ /O83

()
70
(d) None of these
we are not concerned
2 We want to ind moment of inertia of an ansular disc
values but approxste values. Whtle R
WOoffen deal wIth apprOxImation4 For what ratio of can we
he aken ta nealy represent the real
approximate it to be a ring
having the aame mass ?
LiguratN Batyis has shown that ugiven
corrO I # the errot in
234 GRD Top Rankers Series Physscs for
JEE
So, r«
A Find I for d1fferent values of I.
Plot vs Lcurve From equation (1), it
should be a
stra1ght line, with slope
tb)
Find slope of T vis L graph and cquate it to An
()
and get 'g'
Passage -3
Determine the valae of 'g' sing a simple pendulum
siope:= tang r

1. Jn certain
observation we got /=23.2 cm, r=32 cm
and nme taken for 10 oscillation was 10.0 sec
Estimate the value of 'g`in proper significant figure
(take =10)
In this evpenment a small sphencal bob is hanged (a) 9.8 ms?
WIth a cotton thread. This arangement is called (b) 9.80 m/s
sanple pendulum. The bob is displaced sl1ghtly and (c) 9.800 m's (d) None of these
allowed to osc1llate To find time period, time talken 2. For different values of L we get different values of
Los 59 oecillatioos iS noted usinga stop watch. T: The curve between L v/s T² is shown. Estimate 'g
Theoretically T=2x from this curve. (take n =10)
1(meter)
.0)
0.49
Where L= equrvalent length of pendulum length of
thread iD+ rsdsus (r) of bob
T= time pernod of the simple pendulum +2 (sec
So, 'g'cas be easily determined by cquation (i) (a) 9.7 m/s2 (b) 9.6 m/s?
Graphical method to find'g': (c) 9.8 m/s2 (d) 10 ms
..(1)

Matrx Match Type Questions

1. Ther e four Vemer scales. Specifications of
instruent sgven Lst- and icast count is given in List I List II
Lss4-! S MIn cate dviOn. n tamber of Vemier
(a)S 1 mm:n=10 (p) 0.05 mm
Gale divissone cernçdung wh 6- ) main scale
(b) S 0.5 mm,a=10 lq) 0.01 mm
tc) S =0.5 mm ; =20 (r) 0.I mm
(d) S imm , n= 100 (s) 0025 mm
ANSAnd Experiments 23. 5

Integer /Subjective Type Questions

tonuder a home made Vernier scale as shown in the and thcir angles are cqual to 0 then what s the least
tigure count of the instrument ? Also find length PQ
2. Consider S= xcos0 for =(2.0 +0 2) cm, 0 =$1t 2"
Find S
3. A glass prism of angle A =60° gives mininum angle
of deviation 0 =3 with the max error of when a
beam of parallel light passed through the prism during
on cxperiment Find the permissible error in the
measurenent of refractive index of the muternal of
the prisn.
tn th1s diagram, we are interested in measuring tlhe
length of the line PQ. 1f both the inclincs are identical

ANSWERS

Multiple Choice Questions (Single Correct Option)

2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (b)

0.(d) 11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (c)

Multiple Choice Questions (More Than One Correct Options)

L ta h) 2. (a, b, c, d)

Comprehension Based Questions

Page- 1 1. (c) 2. (b)
Pasage- 2 . (a) 2. (a)
Pnaage 3 1. (a) 2. (c)

Matri Match TypeQuestlons

.(d)’ q)
Integer /Subjective Type Questlons

L
EK
Length F ä - 7 2. S |010 I8) cm 3.