Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Uses
Uses
AN is the cheapest source of oxygen available in the condensed form for commercial explosives. The original
experiments with it as a component of explosive mixtures began in the second half of the nineteenth century.
Grindel and Robin were the first, in the beginning of 19th Century, to use AN in explosives as a replacement of
potassium nitrate in black powder w7x. In 1867, Sweedish chemists Ohlosson and Norrbin patented
an explosive called Ammoniakust. The explosive properties of AN, such as sensitivity to
detonation, impact and heat, rate of detonation, etc. were reported first in the beginning
of the present century.
Some
of the known military explosives which use AN are amatol, ammonals and minols.
STORAGE OF AMMONIUM NITRATE
beirut
usa
other character
SOLVERS
RELATED RESEARCH
XXXX proposed a numerical simulation of air blast by using Eulerian-material formulation and
validate for high pressure wave propagation and comparing the examples with experimental
results. High explosion process is simulated using an Eulerian formulation, with a fixed mesh.
Unlike classical Lagrangian methods, the mesh is fixed and the material flows though the mesh.
Two different cases have been tested, a free propagation pressure wave, and pressure wave with
rigid wall reflection. For the advection algorithm that follows the Lagrangian phase in the split
method, we used the second-order algorithms. The pressure impulses computed by time
integration of pressure time history are very close for both simulations. Good agreements for the
pressure transient in the explosion with experimental data are obtained and major explosion
physical phenomenon can well simulated using the Eulerian multi-material method.
YYY proposed a numerical study of Fluid-structure interaction dynamics under high explosive
Detonation. This research is based upon open software and the coupling library and the
blastFoam solver is used to support the simulation. To verify the solver, simulation of
perpendicular elastic flap motion under explosion is carried out. The detonation velocity ,
pressure and density at the simulation time step are captured .
Due to the large mesh scale ratio of fluid to structure,the parallel acceleration effect of FSI is
mainly affected by the solving of fluid.
The blast wave patterns from the explosion of cylindrical charges are very complex and the
pressure-time histories exhibit multiple shocks. So, in order to make accurate assessment of
parameter of blast wave MMM proposed a blast wave patterns for non-spherical charges which
is Tetryl explosive. The experimental results are analyzed and behavior of near field/far field has
been studied using pressure vs time graph. Results shows that the blast wave parameters
demonstrated the usual behaviour of an ideal blast wave, i.e. the peak overpressure and the
positive impulse decreased with distance from the explosive source while the positive duration
increased.
RRR focused on the analysis of blast parameters in the near field zone for spherical free air
explosions using finite element code EUROPLEXUS. The numerical simulation has been
employed to support the experimental data range scarce. From the analysis it is revealed
that the Friedlander equation cannot capture the overpressure-time behaviour at small
scaled distances as it fails to take into account the effect of the expanding detonation
products. At such distances it is also found that there is a big difference between the peak
overpressure and positive impulse values proposed by Kingery-Bulmash and those
calculated through the numerical simulations, the latter being considerably higher. As a
result, a new set of equations in terms of scaled distance are proposed that provide
improved parameter accuracy for points close to the detonation center.
An experimental blast program was conducted in a blast chamber to investigate the effects of
cylindrical charges on the peak reflected overpressure and impulse on the wall of the chamber.
Another purpose of the blast program was to develop an experimental data set which would
validate the finite element AUTODYN model. In the numerical model, air and TNT are
simulated by Euler processor. The calibration is processed with spherical charge and based on
the simulated results a new model for cylindrical charges was developed for predictions of
overpressure and impulse on a chamber wall.