GPS/GIS-Based Pavement Information

and Management System

Pradeep Kumar, Principal Scientist

PAVEMENT EVALUATION DIVISION
CSIR-Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi
pkumar.crri@nic.in
 PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT
Pavement management involves managing all the activities related to
the pavement network.

A pavement management system provides effective tools and methods

that can assist decision makers in formulating optimum strategies for
providing and maintaining a serviceable pavement network over a
given time period.

Pavement Maintenance Management System (PMMS) is an established,

documented procedure treating many or all of the pavement
management activities in a systematic and coordinated manner so as
to make the best possible use of resources available.

PMMS is a tool that can be used by decision makers to analyse the

costs and benefits of various feasible alternatives for each pavement
activity.
Data Requirements for PMMS
 The development of a PMMS at network level
requires large amount of data relating to the
pavement history, its performance, strength
characteristics and traffic etc.
 Staticdata (road details)
 Dynamic data (pavement condition, traffic loading
etc.)
 The PMMS data base consists of:
 Inventory
 category , length, width, surface type, layer thicknesses
 History data on the year of last major activities
 Curvature, gradient
 Pavement condition
 Existing surface Distress (type, severity and amount)
 Cracking
 Bleeding
 Depressions
 Potholes
 Patch deterioration
 Raveling
 Rutting
 Polishing of aggregates
 Roughness
 Materials and construction data
 Pavement strength
 Rebound deflection or Modified Structural Number
 Traffic Volume and Loading
Data Collection Techniques for
Pavement Information and
Management System
Automated Road Survey System
 Automated Road Survey System
(Network Survey Vehicle)
 High survey speed up to 100 km/hr
 Longitudinal Profiling (International Roughness
Index) and Transverse profiling (Rut Depth)
conforming to ASTM standards
 Pavement Texture in terms of Mean Profile Depth
(MPD) and Sensor Measure Texture Depth
 Cross Slope, Gradient, Horizontal curvature
 GPS coordinates (X, Y, Z) viz. longitude, latitude
& altitude using DGPS with Google map support
 Pavement Surface Imaging for Pavement Distress
 Video imaging for Roadside furniture / Road asset
 Real time in-vehicle data acquisition software for
display and collection of data for all parameters
simultaneously
 Post processing software for data analysis and
report preparation
Road Profiling

•Longitudinal Profile
(International Roughness Index)

•Transverse Profile
(Rut Depth)
Laser Profilometer
ASTM E950 (Class I)

International Roughness
Index (IRI in m/km)

Roughness Index
(mm/km)= 630 (IRI)^1.12
ASTM E950
Standard Test Method for Measuring the Longitudinal Profile of Traveled Surface with
an Accelerometer Established Inertial Profiling Reference

Types Longitudinal Vertical

Sampling Measurement
Resolution
Class I < 25 mm < 0.1 mm

Class II > 25 mm to 150 mm > 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm

Class III > 150 mm to 300 > 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm

mm
Class IV > 300 mm > 0.5 mm
Principle /Technique for High Speed
Measurement of Road Profile
Lasers

Laser Sensor

Height Measured by
Laser Sensor
International Roughness Index
IRI Data
Chainage (km) IRI in m/km
From To IRI_Right IRI_Left IRI_Avg
0.000 1.000 1.97 1.98 1.97
1.000 2.000 2.48 2.18 2.33
2.000 3.000 2.76 2.65 2.7
3.000 4.000 2.68 2.24 2.46
4.000 5.000 2.88 2.44 2.66
5.000 6.000 2.33 2.27 2.3
6.000 7.000 2.67 3.32 2.99
7.000 8.000 2.38 2.16 2.27
8.000 9.000 2.27 2.1 2.18
9.000 10.000 2.67 2.51 2.59
10.000 11.000 2.5 2.7 2.6
ARSS-Rut Scanner
 Spread Laser Digital Profiler

 2 Infra-red line spread

lasers
 Lasers draw a line about 2
metres behind the vehicle
 Measures 640 points each
across the road
 Each laser measures a 2
metres across lane
 Measurements collected 25
times a second
Rut Scan Transverse Profile View
Rut Depth Data
Chainage (km) Rut Depth (mm)
From To RUT_Right RUT_Left RUT_Aug
0.000 1.000 0.32 0.33 0.32
1.000 2.000 0.65 0.43 0.54
2.000 3.000 0.99 0.60 0.80
3.000 4.000 0.48 0.67 0.58
4.000 5.000 1.34 1.83 1.58
5.000 6.000 0.30 0.32 0.31
6.000 7.000 0.60 0.96 0.78
7.000 8.000 0.20 0.51 0.35
8.000 9.000 0.22 0.38 0.30
9.000 10.000 0.25 0.10 0.18
10.000 11.000 1.41 0.42 0.92
Road Geometry Measurements

•Gradient (%)
•Rise and Fall (m/km)
•Rise and Fall (number/km)
•Cross Slope (%)
•Horizontal Curvature (degree/km)
 Gipsitrac
•Distance pulse inputs to measure
distance travelled, speed and
acceleration
•An accelerometer to obtain grade
measurements
•An accelerometer to obtain cross
slope measurements
•Gyroscopes (gyro) to measure
changes in direction
GIPSI TRAC - Cross Slope Measurement
Rise & Fall (m/km)

Rise plus fall is defined as the sum of the absolute values

of total vertical rise and total vertical fall of the original
ground, in meters, along the road alignments over the
road section in either direction divided by the total section
length, in km.

Rise plus Fall = (R1+R2+R3+F1+F2) / Length

(meters/km)

Number of Rise & Fall per Km

This value represents the number of rises plus the number

of falls, as defined on the computation of the rise & fall of
a road section, per km of a road section.
Horizontal Curvature (deg/km)

Horizontal curvature is defined as the

weighted average of the curvatures of the
curvy sections of the road, the weights
being the proportion of the lengths of curvy
sections. It units are degrees/km.

Horizontal Curvature = (C1+C2+C3+C4) / Length (degrees/km)

GIPSI TRAC - Horizontal
Curvature
 Geometry and GPS Data
Chainage (km) Geometry Data GPS Data
From To Grade Cross_Slope CURVATURE Latitude Longitude Altitude
0.000 1.000 0.49 -3.41 52.14 31.66602 74.86552 225.6
1.000 2.000 0.4 -1.08 82.51 31.66326 74.85588 223.2
2.000 3.000 0.48 -2.07 46.41 31.66091 74.84587 222.7
3.000 4.000 0.51 -3.83 39.53 31.65891 74.8357 224.9
4.000 5.000 0.45 -3.14 45.26 31.65553 74.83153 222.3
5.000 6.000 0.33 -1.97 41.25 31.64896 74.82444 221.1
6.000 7.000 0.53 -1.03 134.07 31.64317 74.81774 221.7
7.000 8.000 0.58 -3.28 29.22 31.64565 74.80768 223.2
8.000 9.000 0.29 -2.85 48.7 31.64308 74.79777 223.7
9.000 10.000 0.51 -2.1 33.8 31.63851 74.78881 221.5
Measurement of
Pavement Surface Distresses
Manual versus Automatic Assessment of Pavement
Surface Distresses
Manual Method Pavement Surface Imaging
Driving the survey segment at low speed Data Collection at Traffic Speed

Safety Issue of the rating team and the No safety Issue

traveling public

Manual Recording of the Distress Data Automatic Recording of Data on the Hard
Disk

Survey length 20 km/day 200 km/day can be easily covered

The digital images collected with the automated pavement condition survey provide an
accurate assessment of the pavement surface with an increased ability to evaluate
pavement condition
 Pavement Surface Imaging
 Two High Resolution Black and White
Pavement Cameras Captures Images of the
Pavement Surface at Highway speeds

 These Images are processed for the

quantification of pavement surface distresses
in terms of cracking (Area-sqm & %) , raveling
(Area-sqm & %) and number of pot holes etc.
Crack and/or Distresses can be
Measured/Classified

Crocodile Longitudinal Transverse

Edge Break Patching Shoving

Pothole Bleeding Ravelling

Pavement Surface Imaging Technique
Pavement Surface Imaging Technique
Pavement Surface Imaging
Pavement Surface Imaging
Typical Views of the Pavement Surface
Asset Camera Positions
Asset Camera Measurements
Global Positioning System
 DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS

Portable wheel-mounted
Distance Measuring
Instrument for distance
measurements

A high resolution distance measuring

instrument, capable of measuring road
distance within ±0.1% of true distance
Mapping Events
Event Marking on the Test Section
Bridge Start and End Point Locations
Marking of EXIT Point
Marking of Vehicle Under Pass Point
Marking of Small Bridge Location
Marking of BUS STOP Point
Operator’s Console and Display
Data Acquisition in Progress
GIS Based Information System

GIS Based National Highway Information System

 Development of Management System for
Maintenance Planning and Budgeting of High Speed
Road Corridors
 Longitudinal Profiling
(International Roughness
Index)
 Transverse profiling
(Rut Depth)
 Pavement Texture
(Mean Profile Depth)
 Cross Slope (%)
 Gradient (%)
 Rise+Fall (m/km)
 Rise +Fall (No. per km)
 Horizontal Curvature
(degree/km)
 GPS coordinates (X, Y, Z)
viz. longitude, latitude &
altitude using Real Time-
DGPS
 Pavement Surface Imaging
for Distress Measurement
 Video imaging for Roadside
furniture / Road asset
Development of Road Information System

Creation of Database in SQL Server

The database in respect of the following corridors has been created

 Golden Quadrilateral Road Network

 Delhi-Mumbai and Mumbai-Delhi
 Mumbai-Chennai and Chennai-Mumbai
 Chennai-Kolkata and Kolkata-Chennai
 Kolkata-Delhi and Delhi-Kolkata

 North-South Corridor
 Jalandhar-Kanyakumari and Kanyakumari-Jalandhar

 East West Corridor

 Silchar-Porbandar and Porbandar-Silchar
 ……..Development of Data Management and Information System

• Data Processing Tool Kit and Data Viewer Software has been used to
manage and view the database and attribute information for each of
the road corridor in GIS environment
• Multiple databases can be created to organize a large number of
surveys
• Simultaneous viewing of all data (IRI, Rut Depth, Texture, Geometry,
ROW Video, Pavement Surface Image, GPS Coordinates etc.)
• Measurement of Carriageway Width, Lane Width, Shoulder Width etc.
using ROW Video
• Measurement of Pavement Surface Distress (Cracking, Ravelling,
Pothole etc.) using Pavement Surface Images
• Graphical View of data
• Export to Excel File Format for Report Generation
• Export to Shape File Format for GIS Compatibility
• Export to HDM-4 File Format for HDM-4 Input
Road Information System
A Typical View of HDM-4 Export Module
A Typical View of Export File
Thankyou for your kind
attention