1. Study ideal gases.

What is an ideal gas?

Gases are complicated. They're full of billions and billions of energetic gas molecules that can
collide and possibly interact with each other. Since it's hard to exactly describe a real gas, people
created the concept of an Ideal gas as an approximation that helps us model and predict the
behavior of real gases. The term ideal gas refers to a hypothetical gas composed of molecules
which follow a few rules:

Ideal gas molecules do not attract or repel each other. The only interaction between ideal gas
molecules would be an elastic collision upon impact with each other or an elastic collision with
the walls of the container. 
[What is an elastic collision?]

Ideal gas molecules themselves take up no volume. The gas takes up volume since the molecules
expand into a large region of space, but the Ideal gas molecules are approximated as point
particles that have no volume in and of themselves.

If this sounds too ideal to be true, you're right. There are no gases that are exactly ideal, but there
are plenty of gases that are close enough that the concept of an ideal gas is an extremely useful
approximation for many situations. In fact, for temperatures near room temperature and pressures
near atmospheric pressure, many of the gases we care about are very nearly ideal.

2. List all ideal gases including specific heat at constant pressure, specific heat at
constant volume, ideal gas constant(R) and specific ratio.

Constant Pressure Process

If p = const., then dp = 0, and, from 1, p dV =  R dT; i.e., the work done by the gas in expanding
through the differential volume dV is directly proportional to the temperature change dT. If the
gas has a specific heat at constant pressure of Cp, then dq =  Cp dT, and, from 2 (with 3),
 Cp dT =  CV dT +  R dT

Simplifying gives an important constitutive relationship between CV, Cp, and R, namely:

Cp = CV + R

Constant Volume Process

If V = const., then dV = 0, and, from 2, dq = du; i.e., all the thermal input to the gas goes into
internal energy of the gas. We should expect a temperature rise. If the gas has a specific heat at
constant volume of CV (j/(oK mole)), then we may set dq =  CV dT. It follows, in this case, that

du =  CV dT

The gas constant is a physical constant denoted by R and is expressed in terms of units of energy
per temperature increment per mole. It is also known as the ideal gas constant or molar gas
constant or universal gas constant.

What is the R constant for gas?

8.3144598
What is the value of Gas constant (R)? The gas constant value is given by R = 8.3144598(48)
J⋅mol^−1⋅K^−1.

What is the meaning of specific heat ratio?

The specific heat ratio of a gas (symbolized as gamma “γ” but also known as “k”) is commonly
defined as the ratio of the specific heat of the gas at a constant pressure to its specific heat at a
constant volume