Solution AL7-315 Date Student Signature____________

PETE 315 – Petroleum Thermodynamics

Chapter 5

5.2. A Carnot engine receives 250 kJ·s−1 of heat from a heat-source reservoir at 525°C and rejects heat to a heat-
sink reservoir at 50°C. What is the power developed and the heat rejected?

Tc = 50 + 273.15 = 323.15 K TH = 525 + 273.15 = 798.15 K

W
W = Q → W = Q W = power =
time
Tc 323.15 K
Carnot Engine:  = 1− = 1− = 0.595
TH 798.15 K

 T  KJ KJ
Power Developed: W = 1 − c   QH = 0.595  250 = 148.78
 Th  s s

KJ KJ KJ
Heat Rejected: Qc = QH − W = 250 − 148.78 = 101.22
s s s

5.3. The following heat engines produce power of 95,000 kW. Determine in each case the rates at which heat is
absorbed from the hot reservoir and discarded to the cold reservoir.
(a) A Carnot engine operates between heat reservoirs at 750 K and 300 K.

TC 300 K
 = 1− = 1− = 0.6
TH 750 K

W 95, 000 kW
Heat absorbed from the hot reservoir: QH = = = 158,333.33 kW
 0.6

Heat discarded to the cold reservoir: QC = QH − W = 158,333.33 kW − 95,000 kW = 63,333.33 kW

(b) A practical engine operates between the same heat reservoirs but with a thermal efficiency η = 0.35.

W 95, 000 kW
Heat absorbed from the hot reservoir: QH = = = 271, 428.57 kW
 0.35

Heat discarded to the cold reservoir: QC = QH − W = 271, 428.57 kW − 95,000 kW = 176, 428.57 kW

© PETE 315 – Learning Activities by Dr. Maria Barrufet 1/6

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5.18. An ideal gas with constant heat capacity undergoes a change of state from conditions T1, P1 to conditions
T2, P2. Determine ΔH (J·mol−1) and ΔS (J·mol−1·K−1) for the following case.

T1 = 300 K, p1 = 1.2 bar, T2 = 500 K, p2 = 6 bar, CP/R = 7/2

H = C p (T2 − T1 )
 J 7
H =  8.314    ( 500 − 300 )
 mol K 2 
J
H = 5819.8
mol

T  P 
S = CP ln  2  − R ln  2 
 T1   P1 
 J 7  500  J  6 
S =  8.314    ln   − 8.314  ln  
 mol K 2   300  mol K  1.2 
J J
S = 14.86 − 13.381
mol K mol K
J
S = 1.479
mol K

5.27. For a steady-flow process at approximately atmospheric pressure, what is the entropy change of the gas
(c) When 20 kg of methane is heated from 100 to 1000°C? You need to use the heat capacity expression for
methane from the following table.

© PETE 315 – Learning Activities by Dr. Maria Barrufet 2/6

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T
c p dT P
S = nR  − R ln
T0
R T P0

S T   D   T + T0  
T
c p dT
= = A ln +  B +  C + 2 2     (T − T0 )
nR T0 R T T0   T0 T   2  
 T   D   T + T0   
S = nR  A ln +  B +  C + 2 2     ( T − T )
0 
 T0   T0 T   2   

Finding Entropy provided for selected T

Methane
A= 1.702 R= 8.314E+00 Joule/mol K
B= 9.08E-03 m= 20.00 kg
C= -2.16E-06 n= 1246.88 mol
D= 0
To = 373.15 K 100 C
T= 1273.15 K 1000 C

373.15 0.00E+00 0.000E+00

1273.15 8.66E+00 8.976E+04

5.33. A refrigeration system cools a brine from 25°C to −15°C at a rate of 20 kg·s−1. Heat is discarded to the
atmosphere at a temperature of 30°C. What is the power requirement if the thermodynamic efficiency of the
system is 0.27? The specific heat of the brine is 3.5 kJ·kg−1·°C−1

KJ KJ
H = c p T = 3.5  ( −15C − 25C ) = −140
kg C kg

S = c p ln
T2
= 3.5
KJ
 ln
( −15 + 273.15) K = −0.505 KJ
T1 kg C ( 25 + 273.15 ) K kg K

KJ  KJ  KJ
Wideal = H − To S = −140 − ( 30 + 273.15) K   −0.505  = 13.1
kg  kg K  kg

kg KJ KJ
Wideal = m Wideal = 20 13.1 = 262 → Wideal = 262 kW
s kg s

Wideal 262 kW
Power requirement: W = = = 970.37 kW
 0.27

© PETE 315 – Learning Activities by Dr. Maria Barrufet 3/6

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Problem from class Friday March 3rd, 2023

An ideal gas, CP = (7/2)R and CV = (5/2)R, undergoes a Carnot cycle consisting of the following mechanically
reversible steps.
(1-2) An isothermal compression from p 1=2 bar, V1=30 m3, T1=20oC, to p2=4 bar, V2,T2=T1
(2-3) An adiabatic compression from p2, V2, T2= T1=20oC, to T3=500oC, p3, V3
(3-4) An isothermal expansion from p3, V3, T3=500oC, to p4, V4, T4=T3
(4-1) An adiabatic expansion from p4, V4, T4 to p1, V1, T1.

Find the work obtained from this cycle, and all intermediate properties leading to this answer (follow exercise
presented in Friday’s lecture).

T1 = T2 = Tc = 20C + 273.15 = 293.15 K

T3 = T4 = TH = 500C + 273.15 = 773.15 K
p1 = 2 bar , V1 = 30m3
p2 = 4 bar , V2 = ?
p3 = ?, V3 = ?
p4 = ?, V4 = ?

PV 2 bar  30 m3
n= = = 2461.79 mol
−5 bar  m
3
RT
8.314 10  293.15 K
mol  K
(1-2) An isothermal compression:

p1V1 p2V2 p1V1 2 bar  30 m3

= → V2 = = = 15m3
TC TC p2 4 bar

U12 = 0 = QC + W12 → QC = −W12

V 
V2 V2
RT
W = −  pdV = −  dV = − RT ln  2 
V1 V1
V  V1 

V  J  15 m3  J
Q = − RT ln  2  = −8.314  293.15K  ln  3 
= −1689.37
 V1  mol K  30 m  mol

J
Q = −1689.37  2461.79 mol = −4.16 106 J
mol

W = −Q = 4.16 106 J

© PETE 315 – Learning Activities by Dr. Maria Barrufet 4/6

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(2-3) An adiabatic compression: S2 = S3

Cp 7 2R
= = = 1.4
Cv 5 2R

1
T  (  −1)
 −1  −1
TCV2 = TH V3 → V3 = V2  C 
 TH 

1
 293.15 K  (1.4 −1)
V3 = 15m   3
 = 1.33 m3
 773.15 K 
 1.4
  V   15 m3 
p3V3 = p2V2 → p3 = p2  2  = 4 bar   3 
= 118.9 bar
 V3   1.33 m 

R (TH − TC )
V3

U 23 = U 3 − U 2 = T ( S3 − S2 ) −  pdV =
V2
 −1

p3V3 − p2V2 (118.9 bar 1.33 m ) − ( 4 bar 15 m )

3 3
105 Pa
U 23 = = = 245.34bar  m3  = 2.45 107 J
 −1 1.4 − 1 1bar

(3-4) An isothermal expansion:

p4V4 p3V3 p3V3

= → p4 =
TH TH V4

1 (1.4 −1)
 p3V3    pV   1 (  −1)  2 bar  ( 30m3 )1.4 
  V4 = p1V1

→ V4 −1 =  1 1  =  = 2.66 m3
 4 
V  p3V3   118.9 bar 1.33m3 
 

1.44
  p3V3  1.33 m3 
p4V4 = p3V3 → p4 =  = 118.9 bar   3 
= 45.05 bar
V4  2.66 m 

U34 = 0 = QC + W34 → QC = −W34

V 
V4 V4
RT
W = −  pdV = −  dV = − RT ln  4 
V3 V3
V  V3 

© PETE 315 – Learning Activities by Dr. Maria Barrufet 5/6

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V  J  2.66 m3  J
Q = RT ln  4  = 8.314  773.15K  ln  3 
= 4455.53
 V3  mol K  1.33 m  mol

J
Q = 4455.53  2461.79 mol = 1.097 107 J
mol

W = −Q = −1.097 107 J

(4-1) An adiabatic expansion:

V1
R (TC − TH )
U 41 = U1 − U 4 = T ( S1 − S4 ) −  pdV =
V4
 −1

J
nR (TC − TH )
2461.64 mol  8.314 ( 20 K − 500 K )
mol K
U 41 = = = −2.46 107 J
 −1 1.4 − 1

Cycle work:
WT = W12 + W23 + W34 + W41

WT = 4.16 106 J + 2.45 107 J − 1.097 107 J − 2.45 107 J = −6.81106 J

© PETE 315 – Learning Activities by Dr. Maria Barrufet 6/6