Mrunal’s Win23 Economy Updates Pillar-4 Sectors of Economy- Agri,

Mfg, Services, IPR, Startup; GDP, Inflation etc.

Contents
40 �� Pillar #4A: Agriculture.........................................................................................................133
40.1.1 Agri growth as per ES23 .......................................................................................................133
40.1.2 �� Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act 2002 → Amendment Bill 2022 ..............134
40.1.3 �� 3 new coop societies for export, organic, seeds (2022) ............................................134
40.2 �Budget-2023 on Agro..............................................................................................................134
40.3 Agriculture Inputs .........................................................................................................................135
40.3.1 ��GM Mustard approval- Kabhi haan kabhi naa ....................................................136
40.4 ��Agri-Input → Fertilizer (उवर्रक / खाद) .............................................................................136
40.4.1 Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samridhi Kendra (PMKSK-2022): .............................................136
40.4.2 ��� Prevent fertilizer misuse→ PM-BJP/One Nation One Fertiliser ..............136
40.4.3 ��� Reduce Fertilizer use : PM PRANAM scheme in �Budget-2023 .........137
40.5 ���Agri-Selling: food inflation for consumers.............................................................137
40.5.1 Food inflation Reasons in 2022–23 by �ES23 .............................................................138
40.5.2 Food Inflation- Govt’s Reforms in 2022–23 .....................................................................138
40.5.3 � � International Year for Millets (2023) ..................................................................138
40.5.4 � � MIIRA for global Millet R&D (2023) ..................................................................139
41 4B: Manufacturing and Services Sector ..........................................................................................139
41.1.1 �� ��Circular Economy: Right to Repair Portal (2022) ........................................139
41.2 Make in India 2.0 ...........................................................................................................................139
41.3 � Mfg Sector Observations by �ES23 ......................................................................................140
41.3.1 � Mfg- significance as per �ES23 (�व�नमार्ण �ेत्र का मह�) .................................................140
41.3.2 � MFG Sectors challenges as per �ES23 (चुनौ�तयां) .........................................................141
41.3.3 � Mfg: Balancesheet Deleveraging completed as per �ES23.......................................141
41.3.4 � Electronics & Startups Notable Schemes/Portals (2022) .........................................141
41.4 �Startup Problems as per �ES23 .........................................................................................142
41.4.1 �Flipping ............................................................................................................................142
41.4.2 �How can India combat “flipping” / ensure “Reverse Flipping”? ...........................143
41.4.3 �IPR: Biopiracy & Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) ...........................143
41.5 Ease of Doing Biz (EoD): �Budget-2023 announcements .................................................143
41.5.1 EoD: Vivad se Vishwas I – Relief for MSMEs in �Budget-2023................................143
41.5.2 Vivad se Vishwas II – Settling Contractual Disputes in �Budget-2023 ...................144
41.5.3 EoD: PAN Card as Common Business Identifier.............................................................144
41.5.4 EoD: Unified Filing Process ................................................................................................145
41.5.5 EoD for MSME: GSTN gets AA Status ..............................................................................145
41.5.6 EoD: One-stop solution for identity and address updating :..........................................145

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 131
 41.5.7 EoD: training of civil servants to be more sensitive in Mission KarmaYogi................146
41.5.8 ���EoD: Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Bill, 2022, .........................146
41.6 Textile-PM Mitra Parks ................................................................................................................146
41.6.1 MSME- some new funds ......................................................................................................147
41.7 🖱🖱🖱🖱 SERVICE SECTOR → E-Commerce (ई वा�ण� / ऑनलाइन �बक्र�) ....................................147
41.7.1 QCommerce / Quick Commerce ........................................................................................147
41.7.2 E-Commerce: Anti Fake review framework by BIS .........................................................148
41.7.3 E-Commerce: Google Appstore Anti-Trust: CCI Order ................................................148
41.7.4 Social Media influencers pe CCPA Rules 2023 ................................................................148
42 �� PILLAR#4C: NITI, Unemployment ..................................................................................149
42.1 State Support Mission of NITI Aayog (2022) ............................................................................149
42.2 � Pillar#4C: Indicators → Unemployment ..........................................................................149
42.3 Employment related Terms in News ..........................................................................................149
42.3.1 Baumol’s Cost Disease Theory / labour cost rising (1965) .............................................149
42.3.2 Moonlighting .........................................................................................................................149
42.3.3 � � Indicators → unemployment rate (UR: बेरोज़गारी दर) ........................................150
42.4 �/( ���) Indicators → Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) ........................150
42.5 Augmented Female LFPR (सं व�धत मिहला एलएफपीआर) ..................................................................151
42.6 �� Workers Types by NSO ..................................................................................................151
42.6.1 � 🖱🖱 Worker Types → Unorganized workers → E-Shram Portal (2021)..............152
42.7 ��Organised sector Jobs related surveys/numbers ..........................................................152
42.7.1 ��Organised sector Jobs → QES ...............................................................................152
42.7.2 ��Organised sector Jobs → Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) ...........................152
42.7.3 ��Organised sector Jobs → EPFO Registered Workers.........................................153
43 �� PILLAR#4D: GDP ................................................................................................................153
43.1.1 GDP growth projections ......................................................................................................154
43.1.2 GVA of various Sectors ........................................................................................................154
43.1.3 From GVA to GDP – example for illustration .................................................................154
43.1.4 GVA & GDP: Growth Rates @Current vs Constant Price ..............................................155
43.1.5 � Misc. Terms: Doom Loop (कयामत क� कु �ी/फं दा) ..........................................................155
43.1.6 � Misc. Terms: Financial contagion (�व�ीय सं क्रमण) .......................................................155
43.2 GDP Growth - �ES23 observations / analysis .....................................................................155
43.2.1 Real GDP Growth projection (2023–24) by �ES23 ....................................................155
43.2.2 GDP Growth what more should be done? as per �ES23 ...........................................155
43.2.3 Reforms Roadblocks and delayed/lagged result - �ES23 ...........................................156
43.2.4 Frontloaded economic stimulus in USA/EU caused overheating says �ES23 .......157
44 � PILLAR#4E: Inflation, WPI-CPI; .............................................................................................158
44.1.1 �� neutral rate of interest / natural rate of interest..................................................158
44.1.2 NAIRU: Non-accelerating Inflation rate of unemployment & Philip Curve ..............159

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 132
 44.2 ���Index → CPI (All India), NSO, Base: 2012 ...........................................................159
44.2.1 ��� CPI Inflation is higher in urban areas than rural area (2021) ....................160
44.2.2 CPI rural getting higher than urban (2022) ......................................................................160
44.2.3 ���WPI Kabhi � kabhi � ................................................................................161
44.2.4 ���: Inflation observations by ��ES23 .........................................................161
45 ��MRUNAL’S ECONOMY COURSE FOR UPSC ..............................................................161
46 ��MRUNAL’S Monthly Current Magazine ..........................................................................162
47 What is already covered in Past Win22, Win21, Win20 ..............................................................162
47.1 What is already covered in Past 4A-Agriculture .......................................................................162
47.1.1 Win20: already covered Following in 4A ..........................................................................162
47.1.2 Win21: already covered Following in 4A-Agro ...............................................................163
47.1.3 Win22: already covered Following in 4A-Agro ...............................................................164
47.2 What is already covered in Past 4B- MFG Services IPR ..........................................................164
47.2.1 Win20: already covered Following in 4B-Mfg & Services ..............................................164
47.2.2 Win21: already covered Following in 4B-Mfg & Services .............................................165
47.2.3 Win23: already covered Following in 4B-MFG Services IPR.........................................166
47.3 What is already covered in Past: 4CDE (GDP, Unemployment,Inflation) ..........................167
47.3.1 Win20: already covered Following in 4CDE ....................................................................167
47.3.2 Win21: already covered Following in 4CDE ....................................................................168
47.3.3 Win22: already covered Following in 4CDE ....................................................................169

40 💼💼💼💼 PILLAR #4A: AGRICULTURE

40.1.1 Agri growth as per ES23

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 133
40.1.2 �� Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act 2002 → Amendment Bill 2022
YEAR LAW
1984 Multi-State Cooperative Act.
2002 Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act to replace earlier 1984’s act.
2022 Multi-State Co-operative Societies (Amendment) Bill to amend 2002’s act.
Above bill aims for
⇒ Setup statutory body “Co-operative Election Authority” to conduct elections for board members
of multi-state co-operative societies. (ब�-रा� सहकारी सं गठनों के बोडर् सद�ों के चुनाव के �लए एक सहकारी चुनाव
प्रा�धकरण बनाया जाएगा)
⇒ Setup Ombudsman for hearing the complaints by the members of coops. (सद�ों क� �शकायत सुनने के
�लए �शकायत �नवारण अ�धकारी)
⇒ Setup a fund for revival of sick multi-state co-operative societies. The Fund will be financed
through contributions by profitable multi-state coops. (बीमार/घाटे-वाले ब�-रा� सहकारी सं गठनों को
पुनज��वत करने के �लए एक एक �व�ीय-कोष बनाएँ गे। मुनाफ़े वाले सं गठनों ने इसम� पैसा देना होगा।)
⇒ Facilitate merger of two or more coop societies. (दो या उससे अ�धक सरकारी सं गठनों का एक�करण करवाना
आसान होगा)
�Criticism
- �1) Some State governments are opposed alleging that some provisions of this bill
encroaching upon State government’s power to regulate single state cooperative Society. (रा�
सरकारों को आप�� है िक हमारी श��यां कम हो जाएगी)
- �2) Profitable coops opposed to idea of giving money to revival of sick/loss making coops.
(मुनाफ़े वाले सं गठनो को एतराज/आप�� है िक हम �ों पैसा दे बीमार/घाटे-वाले सं गठनों क� मदद के �लए?)

40.1.3 �� 3 new coop societies for export, organic, seeds (2022)

Union Govt approved setting up 3 new coop societies under Multi-State Cooperative Societies
(MSCS) Act, 2002.
- 1) national multi-state cooperative export society (रा��ीय ब�-रा� �नयार्त सोसायटी)
- 2) national multi-state cooperative organic society (प्राकृ �तक खेती के �लए)
- 3) national multi-state cooperative seed society (बीज के �लए)

40.2 👛👛BUDGET-2023 ON AGRO

AREA �BUDGET-2023 ANNOUNCEMENTS
Coop Societies - vision of ‘Sahakar Se Samriddhi’.
- Computerisation of 63,000 Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACS)
will be done
- A national cooperative database for GPS mapping of cooperative societies.
Use ‘less “PM Programme for Restoration, Awareness, Nourishment and
fertiliser’: PM- Amelioration of Mother Earth”. - Union to encourage States and Union
PRANAM Territories to reduce consumption of chemical fertiliser.
Organic farming - We’ll setup 10,000 Bhartiya Prakritik Kheti Bio-Input Resource Centres.
- To train 1 crore farmers to adopt natural farming.

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 134
 AREA �BUDGET-2023 ANNOUNCEMENTS
Farm input - We’ll create creating a national-level manufacturing network for pesticide
and micro-fertilizer (e.g. Nano Urea)
Horticulture Atmanirbhar Clean Plant Program: - To boost availability of disease-free,
quality planting material- horticultural crops
Agri Startup Agriculture Accelerator Fund for encouraging agri-startups in rural areas
Millets /Shree we grow several types of ‘Shree Anna’ such as kuttu, ramdana, kangni, kutki,
Anna kodo, cheena, and sama. we’ll give the funding to Indian Institute of Millet
Research, Hyderabad. It is an org. under under Indian Council of
Agricultural Research (ICAR).
Loans we’ll give ₹ 20 lakh crore loans to agri, animal husbandry, dairy and fisheries.
Subsidy Refer to Pillar2B for data on food and fertilizer subsidies.
Irrigation Upper Bhadra Irrigation Project (Karnataka) given funding.

40.3 AGRICULTURE INPUTS

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 135
40.3.1 🌱🌱🌱🌱GM Mustard approval- Kabhi haan kabhi naa

GEAC Environment Ministry

2017 Approved Rejected & ordered GEAC to do more field study.
2022-Oct Approved again ⇒ Allowed ‘environmental release’ for more field trials.
⇒ Not yet allowed ‘commercial release’ for sale -as of 2023.
40.4 🌽🌽🌽AGRI-INPUT → FERTILIZER (उवर्रक / खाद)

40.4.1 Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samridhi Kendra (PMKSK-2022):

⇒ Boss? Ministry of chemicals and Fertilizers
⇒ To convert the existing fertilizer retail shops into Model Fertilizer Retail Shops, called Pradhan
Mantri Kisan Samridhi Kendra
⇒ These shops will act as “One Stop Shop” for all the agriculture related inputs (seeds, fertilisers,
pesticides etc) and services.

40.4.2 �📯📯📯📯 Prevent fertilizer misuse→ PM-BJP/One Nation One Fertiliser

�Boss: Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilisers
⇒ Scheme name: “Pradhanmantri Bhartiya Janurvarak Pariyojna” (PMBJP) / One Nation One
Fertiliser
⇒ Objective: If company receiving fertiliser subsidy from government → company has to use govt-
mandated brand name, logo and bag-colour design. (यिद कोई कं पनी भारत सरकार से उवर्रक क� स��डी प्रा�
कर रही है तो उसने उवर्रक फ�टलाइजर क� थेलीयों पर के वल, सरकार द्वारा �नधार्�रत नाम-लोगों इ�ािद इ�ेमाल करना होगा.)
⇒ Single brand name for UREA, DAP, MOP and NPK etc. would be BHARAT UREA, BHARAT
DAP, BHARAT MOP and BHARAT NPK etc. respectively
⇒ A logo showing “Pradhanmantri Bhartiya Janurvarak Pariyojna”.

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 136
🤩🤩 Benefit?
⇒ 1) Easy to spot such fertiliser bags so, if any smuggling/ diversion being done then easily it can be
detected. (त�री हो रही होगी तो तुरंत िदख जाएगा।)
⇒ 2) Govt can claim credit / fame among farmers. Farmers become aware / sensitive about the
subsidy being paid by Govt, and engage more positively towards the future reforms of Govt.
(िकसानों के बीच सरकार क� छ�व म� सुधार हो और सरकार द्वारा भ�व� म� िकए जाने वाले कृ �ष सुधारो का वो समथर्न कर�)

40.4.3 �📯📯📯📯 Reduce Fertilizer use : PM PRANAM scheme in 👛👛Budget-2023

Exact features yet to be launched, but Newspaper are making some guesswork. So following info-
may be wrong/partially correct. (अभी तक आ�धका�रक �प से योजना जारी नहीं �ई तो हो सकता है �न� दी गयी नोट म� कु छ
त्रुिटयां हो)
⇒ Boss: Ministry of chemicals and Fertilizers
⇒ Objective: To reduce the use of chemical fertilisers.
⇒ Mechanism: if state govt manages to reduce the fertiliser consumption, & saves say Rs.100 cr
subsidy bill for Union, then Union to give Rs.50cr as grant to the state government. (numbers
are imaginary, because scheme features yet to be launched).
⇒ Scheme became necessary because fertiliser subsidy bill has increased to Rs 2.25 lakh crore in
2022-23. - Government does not have enough fiscal resources to sustain such subsidy burden.
(PM प्रणाम योजना: यिद कोई रा� सरकार ऊवर्रक/फ�टलाइजर उपभोग म� कटौती करवाती है, तो क� द्र सरकार उस रा� सरकार को
अनुदान के �प म� पैसा देगी। क� द्र सरकार के भारी स��डी बोझ को कम करने के �लए यह ज़�री है)

40.5 🍅🍅🍅🍅🍅🍅AGRI-SELLING: FOOD INFLATION FOR CONSUMERS

(Intro-Origin) With green revolution, we became self-reliant in cereal production. But perishable
fruits and vegetables have remained our Achilles’ heel. Seasonal spikes in onion, tomatoes & pulses is
a recurring nightmare for middle class families of India. The underlying causes as following:
1. Demand Side: Growth of middle class & their disposable incomes → ⏫ demand of
fruits/veggies than before.

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 137
2. Supply Side: shortage of commodities on account of 1) poor monsoon & pests 2) post-harvest
losses due to unavailability of cold-storage & warehousing 3) hoarding (सं ग्रहखोरी/काला-बाजारी).

40.5.1 Food inflation Reasons in 2022–23 by 📙📙ES23

ITEM REASON FOR INFLATION
MILK 1) fodder shortage due to untimely rains 2) �diesel price → transport cost
for both milk and fodder
TOMATOES unseasonal heavy rains in the Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and
Telangana affecting supply in April-Sept.
WHEAT AND excessive EXPORTs had reduced supply for local customers.
RICE

40.5.2 Food Inflation- Govt’s Reforms in 2022–23

ITEM खाद्य महंगाई को कम करने के �लए सरकार द्वारा उठाए गए कदम
Milk 100 fodder-centric Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) to be setup
Wheat (गे�ं �नयार्त पर Banned export of wheat flour, maida, samolina (rava/sirgi) → to � supply
प्र�तबं ध) in local market.
Rice (चावल �नयार्त पर Increased customs duty on exported rice to 20% → foreign customer will
करों म� बढ़ोतरी) buy less → � supply in local market.
Pulses (दालों के आयात � customs duty and AIDC cess on imported pulses. AIDC = Agriculture
पर करों म� छू ट) Infrastructure and Development Cess (Ref: Pillar#2B-Customs Duty)
Edible Oils (खाद्य 1) � customs duty and AIDC cess on imported edible oil such as palm oil,
तेल) soyabean oil and sunflower oil 2) imposed stock limits 3) ordered edible oil
companies to reduce prices by 15 Rs. per litre using powers of essential
commodities Act (आव�क व�ु अ�ध�नयम के तहत खाद्य तेल कं प�नयों को क�मत १५ �पये
कम करवाई )
Soya Meal (for (1) Declared Essential Commodity & imposed stock limits to combat unfair
Poultry & Fish practices like hoarding, black marketing etc. (कालाबाजारी रोकने के �लए �ॉक सीमाएं
feed) (मुग� और मछली तय क�) (2) From 2021- allowed import of genetically modified (GM)
का चारा: सोया-मील) soymeal
Chana Union Govt supplies it to State at subsidised price

40.5.3 🌽🌽 🤝🤝 International Year for Millets (2023)

⇒ United Nations General Assembly, in its 75th session during March 2021, declared 2023 the
International Year of Millets (IYM)
⇒ India’s millet production accounts for 80% of Asia and 20% of global production.
GLOBAL INDIA
Avg. Yield (kg/ha) 1229 1239
Thus, India’s yield is higher than Global.
⇒ In India, millets are primarily a Kharif crop mostly grown in rainfed conditions
⇒ requiring less water and agricultural inputs than other staple crops.

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 138
⇒ Government notified Millets as Nutri-cereals in April 2018. Under the National Food Security
Mission (NFSM), millets have been introduced to provide nutritional support.
⇒ �Budget-2023: we grow several types of ‘Shree Anna’ such as kuttu, ramdana, kangni, kutki,
kodo, cheena, and sama. we’ll give the funding to Indian Institute of Millet Research, Hyderabad.
It is an org. under under Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).

40.5.4 🌽🌽 🤝🤝 MIIRA for global Millet R&D (2023)

⇒ ‘Millet International Initiative for Research and Awareness’.
⇒ India wants to launch this with help of G20 nations, for global coop in millet R&D. Details yet to
be worked out

41 4B: MANUFACTURING AND SERVICES SECTOR

41.1.1 🔧🔧🔧🔧🔧🔧Circular Economy: Right to Repair Portal (2022)

⇒ Commerce ministry opened the right to repair portal.
⇒ Companies will have to compulsorily the upload the repair manuals. so that consumers can get
product repaired by themselves or by a third party, rather than depending on the manufacturers.
⇒ will help in reducing the generation of electronic waste, environment, conservation, promotion
of circular economy, etc.
⇒ Initially, portal will cover mobile phones, electronic, consumer durables, automobile and
farming equipment.
⇒ Such right already available in Europe and western countries. (’मर�त का अ�धकार’)

41.2 MAKE IN INDIA 2.0

⇒ 2014: Make in India 1.0 → 2022: Make in India phase 2.0 started by DPIIT.
⇒ targets: investment of ₹3 lakh crore in 5 years and jobs for 60 lakh people.
⇒ Make in India 2.0 is covering following sectors: 15 mfg + 12 services = 27 sectors
Mfg Services
1. Aerospace and Defence 1. Information Technology & Information
2. Automotive and Auto Components Technology enabled Services (IT &ITeS)
3. Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices 2. Tourism and Hospitality Services
4. Bio-Technology 3. Medical Value Travel
5. Capital Goods 4. Transport and Logistics Services
6. Textile and Apparels 5. Accounting and Finance Services
7. Chemicals and Petro chemicals 6. Audio Visual Services

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 139
 Mfg Services
8. Electronics System Design and 7. Legal Services
Manufacturing (ESDM) 8. Communication Services
9. Leather & Footwear 9. Construction and Related Engineering
10. Food Processing Services
11. Gems and Jewellery 10. Environmental Services
12. Shipping 11. Financial Services
13. Railways 12. Education Services
14. Construction
15. New and Renewable Energy
Additionally, Make in India 2.0 is also covering 24 sub-sectors as follows:

41.3 ⚙ MFG SECTOR OBSERVATIONS BY 📙📙ES23

Sector Rank/Number of India
Mobile second-largest mobile phone manufacturer
Pharma largest producer of generic medicines
3rd largest producer (Volume wise)

41.3.1 ⚙ Mfg- significance as per 📙📙ES23 (�व�नमार्ण �ेत्र का मह�)

⇒ Domestic MFG reduces the reliance on imports → reduces current account deficit. (आयात पर
�नभर्रता कम रहती है. चालू खाता घाटा कम होता है।)
⇒ Gives direct jobs to over 12 crore people. (करोड़ों लोगों को रोज़गार)
⇒ Textiles and construction are two major job creating sectors.
⇒ industrial growth catalyses growth in services sectors such as banking, insurance,
courier/transport/logistics, etc. (परो� �प से सेवा �ेत्रों म� भी रोज़गार �नमार्ण)
⇒ Thus, MFG has Multiplier effect on job creation. (यानी क� रोज़गार �नमार्ण पर गुणक प्रभाव)

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 140
41.3.2 ⚙ MFG Sectors challenges as per 📙📙ES23 (चुनौ�तयां)
⇒ Corona-2020: supply chain disruptions, shortage of microprocessors, semiconductors. (आपू�त
श्रंखला- माइक्रोप्रोसेसर �चप, से�मकं ड�र क� िकल्� )
⇒ Geo-political challenges e.g. China-Taiwan, Russian-Ukraine → inflation in imported
commodities e.g. edible oil, crude oil, fertilisers. (भू राजनी�तक तनाव के चलते आया�तत क�े माल क� क�मतों म�
बढ़ोतरी)
⇒ shortage of skilled workers, easy loans, easy transport. (कु शल मजदू र, आसान लोन, आसान प�रवहन क� कमी)
⇒ private company is not doing enough research innovation.(सं शोधन और अ�ेषण म� �नजी कं प�नयां �ादा पैसा
खचर् नहीं करती)
⇒ Construction sector slow down by high Rainfall in 2022. (भारी बा�रश के चलते मकान �नमार्ण म� तक़लीफ़)
⇒ RBI hiking repo/loan interest rate to fight inflation: → home / auto sales affected. (महँ गाई से लड़ने के
�लए �रज़वर् ब�क ने लोन महंगे िकए तो घर/वाहन क� माँग म� कमी)
⇒ Due to lack of demand → Companies selling older stock, but not doing much FRESH
production. (माँग म� कमी के चलते कं प�नयां पुराना माल बेच रही है लेिकन नया उ�ादन �ादा नहीं हो रहा।)
⇒ Threat of new Covid Variant. (नए को�वड वै�रएं ट का खतरा)

41.3.3 ⚙ Mfg: Balancesheet Deleveraging completed as per 📙📙ES23

⇒ Deleveraging is the process of reducing debt. (डेलेवरे�जगं = ऋण को कम करने क� प्रिक्रया है।)

⇒ It can be done by paying off / restructuring loans, finding fresh investors/loans to restart
business, auctioning/selling assets, increasing profits etc. (पुराने लोन चुका कर, नए �नवेशक ढू ंढ कर, सं प��यों
क� नीलामी आिद से डीलेवरे�जगं िकया जा सकता है)
⇒ �ES23: Government reforms such as IBC Code & Bad Bank (Ref: Pillar#1B2), ECLGS Scheme
(Ref: Pillar#1D3), PLI Scheme & other schemes giving subsidies/taxcuts etc.= helped
deleveraging Indian companies. (सरकार ने जो अलग-अलग कानून और योजनाएं बनाई है उनसे ये मदद �मली है. )
⇒ this is also evident from following indicators:
Ratio 2020 2022
Interest Coverage Ratio (Ref: Pillar#1B2) 3 5 (Bigger number is better)
Debt to Equity Ratio (Ref: Pillar#1C) 0.8 0.4 (Smaller number is better)

41.3.4 🖨🖨 Electronics & Startups Notable Schemes/Portals (2022)

Scheme Description Boss
TIDE 2.0 help startups in Internet of Things (IoT), AI, Block-chain, Robotics, MEITY
(2019) etc.

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 141
 Scheme Description Boss
SAMRIDH helping software startups MEITY
GENESIS help startups in small towns. MEITY
SPECS help manufacturing of Electronic Components and Semiconductors. MEITY
MAARG DPIIT portal giving Mentorship, Advisory, Assistance to Startups DPIIT
Portal
CGSS Credit Guarantee Scheme for Startups. So bank/NBFC can pass their DPIIT
loan application faster.
Full forms for above table:
⇒ MEITY (Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology)
⇒ DPIIT (Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade) under Commerce Ministry.

41.4 🩴🩴STARTUP PROBLEMS AS PER 📙📙ES23

⇒ 1) funding crisis after US Fed Tapering. 2) fall in demand/sales.
⇒ 3) problems in Tax / Regulatory structure → flipping by the founders. <see next section>

Image credit: Raid movie

41.4.1 🩴🩴Flipping
⇒ Flipping process of transferring the entire ownership, IPR and DATA of an Indian company to
an overseas entity. (भारतीय कं पनी क� मालीक�/�ा�म�, बौ�द्धक सं पदा और डेटा िकसी �वदेशी इकाई को �ानांत�रत कर
देना।)
⇒ This is done mainly for going to nations with lower tax/legal norms (e.g. UAE/Singapore), Easier
to get funding (e.g. USA) etc. (�ोिक उन �वदेशी सरकारों द्वारा टै� म� माफ़�, क़ानून म� छू ट और वहाँ के शेयर बाज़ार से
पूँजी उठाना आसान होता है।)
⇒ Flipping effectively transforms an Indian company into a 100 per cent subsidiary of a foreign
entity. While the founders and investors continue to remain its owns (indirectly) thru the foreign
company. (भारत क� कं पनी अंततः एक �वदेशी इकाई क� अधीन/सहायक कं पनी बन जाती है।)

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 142
41.4.2 🩴🩴How can India combat “flipping” / ensure “Reverse Flipping”?
1. Fix the loopholes in DTAA (Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement) (Ref: Pillar#2B:Black
Money) दोहरे कराधान प�रहार समझौतो म� सुधार
2. Simplify / reduces taxes in India and other Ease of Doing Business measures. (करो को कम िकया जाए
और �ापार म� सुगमता बढ़ाई जाए)
3. Make it easier for Indian companies to raise capital nationally and internationally e.g. more
capital account convertibility (Ref: Pillar#3B) (�वदेशी बाजार से पूंजी लाना आसान िकया जाए)
4. Funding for R&D etc. (सं शोधन नवाचार के �लए पैसा िदया जाए)

41.4.3 �IPR: Biopiracy & Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL)

⇒ 2001: TKDL started by CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, under Sci Ministry)
+ Ministry of AYUSH. �Objective: to prevent biopiracy.
⇒ Biopiracy = to the exploitation of traditional knowledge, genetic material etc by companies,
without the consent of local community /original owners. e.g.
Traditional Knowledge Patent application in USA / biopiracy attempt
Neem Oil Neem oil extracts to cure skin diseases and fungal infections
Turmeric powder medicine for wound healing
⇒ TKDL contains digital database of over 3 lakh traditional Indian medicines/techniques from
Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Sowa Rigpa, yoga as well as Yoga.
⇒ TKDL database available in five international languages including English, German, French,
Japanese and Spanish, - in a format easily understandable by (foreign) patent examiners.
⇒ TKDL evidence helped revoking/banning over 200 patents obtained thru biopiracy.

बड़ी क�नीओ द्वारा भारत क� आयुव�द और प्राकृ �तक /पार��रक उपचार �ान का �वदेश म� धोखाधड़ी से पेट�ट करवा देना- उसे
बायोपायरेसी कहते ह�. इसके �खलाफ लड़ने के �लए सरकार ने पारं प�रक �ान �ड�जटल लाइब्रेरी (टीके डीएल) बनाई है.

41.5 �EASE OF DOING BIZ (EOD): 👛👛BUDGET-2023 ANNOUNCEMENTS

41.5.1 �EoD: Vivad se Vishwas I – Relief for MSMEs in 👛👛Budget-2023
⇒ normally if a company fails to complete the government project on time (e.g. highway building,
supplying tables/chairs etc ), then govt will forfeit company’s bid security deposit/Earnest
Money Deposit/bank guarentee/performance security.

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 143
⇒ �Budget-2023: if MSME could not complete the government /CPSE contract during the Covid
period → 95% of the forfeited amount will be refunded.
⇒ Here, COVID Period means between February 19, 2020, and March 31, 2022.

य�द कोई एमएसएमई उद्योग ने कोरोना के दौरान सरकारी ठे का पूरा नहीं िकया था और सरकार ने दंड के �प म� उसक� �स�ो�रटी
�डपो�जट को ज़� िकया था। तो 95% ज� रक़म सरकार वापस लौटा देगी।

41.5.2 �Vivad se Vishwas II – Settling Contractual Disputes in 👛👛Budget-2023

⇒ if a company vs Government’s contractual disputes is pending in a court. (e.g. NHAI/ONGC

imposing penalty on a contractor for bad construction quality etc.)
⇒ then such contractors file cases in courts against the penalty.
⇒ �Budget-2023: will give option for voluntarily settlement of dispute outside the court using
arbitrator/mediator.
⇒ Govt aims to settle 500 cases involving about Rs 1 trillion.
िकसी कं पनी का सरकार के �ख़लाफ़ िकसी अनुबंध/कोंट�ाकट के मामले के अदालती-मुक़दमा चल रहा है, तो अदालत के बाहर ही उसका
समाधान/म��ी का अवसर/मौक़ा �दया जाएगा।

41.5.3 �EoD: PAN Card as Common Business Identifier

Govt will amend the laws to make PAN the Common Business Identifier for companies.
number/id Company has to get this id for …..
PAN for Direct Taxes and TDS (Ref: Pillar#2A1)
GSTIN for GST tax submission / website login (Ref: Pillar#2A2)
LIN: Labour Identification for EPFO and other labour laws related websites (Ref: Pillar#1D)
Number
CIN: for Companies Act registration (Ref: Pillar#1C2)
Udhyam number for MSME schemes
Benefits: easier and faster to
 �1) For businessman to login/register to multiple government website using just PAN
number, without having to remember so many login-ids/passwords.
 �2) For the tax authorities to crosscheck fraud / tax evasion etc.
 �3) For the bankers to crosscheck company’s financial capacity before passing loans.

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 144
�व�वध सरकारी वेबसाइट म� पं जीकरण/लॉ�गन के �लए पैन काडर् नं बर को ही आम/सामा� �बजनेस पहचानकतार् नं बर के �प म� इ�ेमाल
िकया जाएगा। इससे उद्योगप�त के �लए भी आसानी रहेगी, और कर अ�धका�रयों के �लए भी �नगरानी आसान रहेगी, ब�कों के �लए लोन
देने से पहले उद्योगप�त क� �व�ीय �मता का आकलन करना भी आसान होगा।

41.5.4 �EoD: Unified Filing Process

⇒ Companies have to upload many documents and legal-compliance reports to various websites
such as Labour ministry, corporate affairs ministry, commerce ministry, MSME Ministry etc.
⇒ �Budget-2023: we’ll setup a common portal for Unified Filing Process to help the companies.
This will save businessmen’ time/effort in visiting / logging into multiple websites
(कं पनी ने अलग अलग मं त्रालयों क� वेबसाइट पर क़ानूनी अनुपालन के द�ावेज़ नहीं अपलोड करने होंगे। एक ही वेबसाइट से सारा
काम हो जाएगा।)

41.5.5 �EoD for MSME: GSTN gets AA Status

⇒ Account Aggregator (AA) or Financial Information Provider (FIP) is an NBFC that

collects/provides financial information of the client. (Ref: Pillar#1B1 classification.)
⇒ AA/FIP transfers data from one financial institution to another institution, based on an
individual’s instruction and consent.
⇒ RBI has granted AA/FIP status to Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN). (Ref: Pillar#2A2-
GST)
⇒ This will enable MSME owner to direct show his financial capacity (via GST tax data) to
bank/NBFCs for getting loans more easily.

�रजवर् ब�क ने जीएसटीएन कं पनी को अकाउं ट एग्रीगेटर का दजार् �दया है। तािक �ापारी अपने जीएसटी टै� लेनदेन का डाटा अ� ब�क
�व�ीय सं �ानों को �दखा सके तािक मैनेजर उस �ापारी क� �व�ीय �मता/साख का आकलन लेके लोन ज�ी से पास कर सके ।

41.5.6 �EoD: One-stop solution for identity and address updating :

⇒ A persons database is stored in multiple government websites such as driving license, municipal
property tax, education department scholarship portal etc.
⇒ �Budget-2023: A one stop solution/website updating address/identity. With help of Aadhaar
card and DigiLocker.
⇒ Digilocker = App/Portal by Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) storing
documents e.g. markasheet, driving license et cetera (2015)

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 145
िकसी ��� को सरकारी द�ावेजों म� अपना एड�ेस बदलवाने के �लए अलग अलग वेबसाइटों पर भटकना नहीं पड़ेगा। आधार काडर् और
डीजीलॉकर द्वारा एक ही �ादा यह काम �नपट जाएगा।

41.5.7 �EoD: training of civil servants to be more sensitive in Mission KarmaYogi

⇒ 2020: Ministry of Personnel → Mission Karmayogi = training and skill development programme
for civil servants.
⇒ iGOT Karmayogi = webportal providing online training to civil servants in union/state/UT.
⇒ �Budget-2023: In above program, we’ll give training to civil servants to be more friendly
towards citizens and businessman.
�मशन कमर्योगी के तहत सरकारी क�मयों को तालीम द�गे तािक वे लोगो के प्र�त �ादा मैत्रीपूणर् व् सं वेदनशील होकर काम कर�।

41.5.8 �⚔👮👮EoD: Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Bill, 2022,

It amends 42 Acts to reduce the compliance burden & decriminalization of some offenses. (गैर-सं गीन
मामलो म� जेल नहीं के वल जुमार्ना)
Example: BEFORE AFTER
Information Technology Act, Jail upto 3 years + fine No jail. Just fine upto Rs.25
2000, disclosing personal lakhs
information

In some laws, it increased the amount of fine. (कु छ मामलो म� ज़ुमार्ना बढ़ाया गया.)
Example: BEFORE AFTER
Patents Act, 1970, false claims Fine upto Rs.1 lakh Increased to Rs.10 lakhs
Notable laws amended by this bill: (�वधेयक द्वारा �न� कानूनों म� इस प्रकार के सुधार िकये गए है.)
Press and Registration of Books Act 1867, the Boilers Act 1923, Indian Forest Act 1927., Indian Post
Office Act, 1898, the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, the Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991,
and the Information Technology Act, 2000, Patents Act, 1970, etc.

41.6 TEXTILE-PM MITRA PARKS

💼💼Budget-2021: Total Seven (7) PRADHAN MANTRI Mega Investment Textiles Parks (PM-
MITRA) will be launched for booting textile exports
1. Union govt to give 30% subsidy on project cost. State govt to provide 1000 acre land. 7 such
parks will be setup in various states.
2. '5F' Formula for Success:- (Cotton/Jute/Silk) Farm to fibre → fibre to factory → factory to
fashion → fashion to foreign export.

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 146
3. 2023: Locations: 1. Virudhunagar (Tamil Nadu), 2. Warangal (Telangana), 3. Kalaburagi
(Karnataka), 4. Amravati (Maharashtra), 5. Navsari (Gujarat), 6. Dhar (Madhya Pradesh), 7.
Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh).

2023: Economic Survey identified following challenges to textile sector:

⇒ �competition from Bangladesh and Vietnam. (अ� देशों क� �धार्)
⇒ �slowdown in bank loans, FDI and exports (ब�कों के ऋण, �वदेशी प्र�� �नवेश और �नयार्त म� मं दी)

41.6.1 MSME- some new funds

by World Bank’s International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

RAMP by World
(IBRD) for helping MSME. (भारत के लघु उद्योगों क� मदद के �लए �व� ब�क का ramp
Bank
प्रोग्राम)
Self-Reliant India MSME Ministry’s fund of funds to give equity (share) investment to MSME
Fund (or SRI companies.
Fund)

41.7 🖱🖱🖱🖱 SERVICE SECTOR → E-COMMERCE (ई वा�ण� / ऑनलाइन �बक्र�)

41.7.1 🍕🍕🛵🛵QCommerce / Quick Commerce

Type of Commerce E-commerce Q-commerce
Delivery Time Range 1–3 days or longer 15 minutes to 1 hour
Examples Amazon, Flipkart Dunzo, Swiggy Instamart, Blinkit, Zepto

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 147
41.7.2 E-Commerce: Anti Fake review framework by BIS
⇒ Who? BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards, Statutory body under Ministry of Consumer Affairs).
⇒ What? formed technical guidelines to combat fake product reviews on e-commerce websites.
Technically called “Indian Standard (IS) 19000:2022” (फज� �र�ु के �खलाफ िदशा �नद�श)
⇒ e.g. e-commerce company should 1) verify/ban fake reviewers thru email / OTP etc. 2) ban
merchants if they give money to people for giving fake positive reviews.
⇒ This is not a legal/judicial order. It is voluntary for the e-commerce company to adopt this
framework (यह �ै��क है. कानूनन �प से अ�नवायर् नहीं)

41.7.3 E-Commerce: Google Appstore Anti-Trust: CCI Order

⇒ Google compelled the smartphone and smart TV makers to pre-install Google Playstore in their
devices/hardware along with Android operating system.
⇒ then the customer has to compulsorily install apps from playstore.
⇒ then google will charge 15–30% commission on the Apps sold thru Appstore.
⇒ Thus, Google was creating monopoly / anticompetitive practice.
⇒ 2022: CCI (Competition Commission of India, statutory body under corporate affairs Ministry)
imposed $161 million (₹1,337.76 crore)
⇒ Google appealed against CCI order at National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) but
failed → went to SC but failed.

गूगल कं पनी एं ड�ाइड �ाटर्फ़ोन बनाने वाली मोबाइल क��नयो से ज़बरन अपना गूगल �े�ोर इं�ॉल करवाती थी। तािक गूगल उस
�े�ोर पे �बक रहे मोबाइल ए� पर दलाली ख़ा सके । भारतीय प्र�त�धार् आयोग ने गूगल क� इस एका�धकार �ा�पत करने क�
ग़ैरक़ानूनी ग�त�व�ध पर बड़ा जुमार्ना लगाया है.

41.7.4 🤳🤳Social Media influencers pe CCPA Rules 2023

⇒ Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA- a statutory body) ordered guidelines.

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 148
⇒ whenever celebrity/influencer getting paid in cash / gifts for promotion of a product → he/she
must disclose it to audience in such social media posts/videos.
⇒ else fine upto ₹50 lakh and/or ban on doing ads up to six years.

42 �🧔🧔 PILLAR#4C: NITI, Unemployment

42.1 STATE SUPPORT MISSION OF NITI AAYOG (2022)

⇒ NITI Aayog to provide funding and support to State Government setup NITI-Aayog like
thinktanks/bodies @State Govt level.
⇒ Such bodies will be called “State Institutions of Transformation (SIT)”.
⇒ Target? SIT will help State governments to design good policies, effective implementation of the
schemes etc. to make India a developed country by 2047.
⇒ �Budget-2023: the scheme will continue for three years.
रा�ों म� भी "प�रवतर्न के रा� सं �ान (एसआईटी)” बनाय�गे, जो क� नी�त आयोग जैसा काम कर�गे। रा� सरकारों को अ�� नी�तयां
बनाने तथा सरकारी योजनाओं के प्रभावी अमल म� मदद कर�गे।

42.2 � PILLAR#4C: INDICATORS → UNEMPLOYMENT

42.3 EMPLOYMENT RELATED TERMS IN NEWS

42.3.1 Baumol’s Cost Disease Theory / labour cost rising (1965)
⇒ by American economists William J. Baumol and William G. Bowden.
⇒ increase in the wages of some labourers even though their productivity or skill has not increased
commensurately. (मज़दू र क� उ�ादकता/ कौश� नहीं बढ़ा, लेिकन बस उनका वेतन/तन�ाह बढ़ रही है)
Reason: shortage of worker. Examples:
⇒ USA: salaries of doctors / college professors etc.
⇒ India: wages of farm labourers in Punjab/Haryana due to labour shortage created by
MGNREGA. (Ref: Pillar#4A: Farm mechanisation)

42.3.2 Moonlighting
⇒ Moonlighting means taking up a second job or multiple other work assignments apart from
one’s full-time job. (मु� नौकरी के अलावा और भी दू सरी नौकरी करना, तािक �ादा पैसा कमाने के �लए।)
⇒ Wipro, Infosys, etc. have removed workers for this because such worker may disclose parent
company’s trade secrets / software codes / client list to other rival companies.

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 149
42.3.3 📊📊 � Indicators → unemployment rate (UR: बेरोज़गारी दर)

⇒ Worker population ratio (WPR) is defined as the per centage of employed persons in the total
population.
⇒ UR is defined as the per centage of involuntarily unemployed persons in the labour force.
42.4 �/( 👼👼👼👴👴) INDICATORS → LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (LFPR)
(LFPR) is the % of persons in labour force (i.e. working or seeking or available for work) in the
population. (श्रम बल भागीदारी दर)

𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝�� + ��𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝

� � × 100
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 👦👦👦👦👦���👴👴👴👴

% LFPR (all ages) 2017 2018 2019 2020 Comment,if any

�FEMALE Urban 15 16⏫ 18.5⏫ 18.6⏫ ⇒ Urban Female less LFPR than
�FEMALE Rural 18 19⏫ 24⏫ 27.7⏫ rural due to city women
pursuing higher education so
not looking for job at present,
husband is earning big so
housewife staying @home.
⇒ More than 75% rural female
workers are working in
Agriculture
�FEMALE 17 19⏫ 23⏫ 25⏫ Female LFPR(All India)@25% is
Urban+Rural=All (male is much less than MALE LFPR(All
India 57%) India)@57%
All India 37 37.5⏫ 40⏫ 41.6⏫
(Urban+Rural)

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 150
 % LFPR (all ages) 2017 2018 2019 2020 Comment,if any
(�Male+ मिहलाओं का श्रम बल भागीदारी दर, पु�षों के
�Female) मुकाबले काफ� कम है😰😰

42.5 AUGMENTED FEMALE LFPR (सं व�धत मिहला एलएफपीआर)

⇒ 1) PLFS only counts women who’re doing or looking for PAID Work.
⇒ 2) so, PLFS survey does not count women who are doing (UNPAID) domestic duties including
free collection of goods (vegetable, firewood, cattle feed, etc.), tailoring, etc. for household use” =
PLFS doesn’t count them as ‘workers’
⇒ 3) so �ES23 came up with a new formula

Augmented Female LFPR = (regular) female LFPR PLUS (+) UNPAID women mentioned in above
bulletpoint#2.

�FAQ: “numbers given in above chart are not matching with previous table!”
Ans. Yes, because previous table gives LFPR of ALL ages, whereas above chart shows LFPR only for
age 15 and above. I am simply copy pasting the data given in Economic Survey.

42.6 �� WORKERS TYPES BY NSO

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 151
42.6.1 � 🖱🖱 Worker Types → Unorganized workers → E-Shram Portal (2021)
⇒ National Database of Unorganized Workers By Ministry of Labour & Employment
⇒ to register approx 38 crore Unorganised Workers of India such as construction workers, migrant
workers, street vendors, domestic workers, milkman, truck drivers, fisherman, agriculture
workers etc. असं गिठत �ेत्र के मज़दू रों के पं जीकरण के �लए श्रम मं त्रालय का एक ऑनलाइन पोटर्ल बनाया गया है
⇒ There is no registration free. Upon registration the workers shall be issued a e-SHRAM card with
unique Universal Account Number (UAN). पं जीकरण के �लए कोई फ�स नहीं लग�गी
⇒ He can use it for various social security schemes through this Card anywhere anytime.
⇒ �E-Shram Portal registered worker will get Rs 1.0 lakh on partial disability and Rs 2.0 Lakh
Accidental Death. आं�शक �वकलांगता और आक��क मृ�ु पर मुआवजा �मलेगा
- ��ES23: So far more than 28 cr registered.
o Area-wise Highest from: UP (29%) > Bihar (10%) > W.Bengal (9%)
o Sector wise: Highest from: Agri (52%) > Domestic Workers (9.8%) > Construction
Workers. (9.1%)

42.7 📜📜📜ORGANISED SECTOR JOBS RELATED SURVEYS/NUMBERS

42.7.1 📜📜�Organised sector Jobs → QES

⇒ Quarterly employment Survey (QeS) conducted by Labour Ministry → Labour Bureau.
⇒ covers establishments with ten or more workers
⇒ in nine major sectors viz. manufacturing, construction, trade, transport, education, health,
accommodation & restaurants, IT/BPOs, and financial services.
�ES23: largest employers in 9 sectors are 1) Mfg 2) Education 3) IT/BPO 4) Healthcare 5) Hotel

42.7.2 📜📜📜Organised sector Jobs → Annual Survey of Industries (ASI)

⇒ ASI survey done by the NATIONAL STATISTICAL OFFICE (NSO) under Ministry of Statistics
& Programme Implementation (MOSPI)
⇒ It covers all registered units under factories act, and electricity companies. �ES23 gave
following data from LATEST ASI:
Data Largest Employer
State- Tamil Nadu (26.6 lakh), Gujarat (20.7 lakh), Maharashtra (20.4 lakh), Uttar Pradesh
wise (11.3 lakh), Karnataka (10.8 lakh).
Sector- food products industry (11.1%), apparel (7.6%), basic metals (7.3%),vehicle (6.5%).
wise
�FAQ: but isn’t textile sector the (second) largest employer after agriculture, as per some books?
Ans. Yes, but ASI Survey only covers factories. Many of the textile units do not fall under the
definition of factory (Refer to definition of factory in Pillar4B).

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 152
42.7.3 📜📜📜Organised sector Jobs → EPFO Registered Workers
Year 2019–20 2020–21 2021–22
EPFO workers in (lakhs) 78.6 77.1 122.3
Highest number of EPFO workers are from following sectors:
⇒ 1) Expert services (consisting of manpower agencies, private security agencies, and small
contractors, etc.) = total 51 lakhs in 2021–22.
⇒ 2) Trading - Commercial Establishments
⇒ 3) Engineering

43 �🧔🧔 PILLAR#4D: GDP

Gross Domestic Product= is the market value of all the goods and services produced within the
domestic territory of a country during a specified time period, usually one year. (िकसी देश के घरेलू �ेत्र म�
उ�ािदत सभी व�ुओ ं और सेवाओं का बाजार मू� को सकल घरेलू उ�ाद कहा जाता है)

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 153
43.1.1 GDP growth projections

43.1.2 GVA of various Sectors

43.1.3 From GVA to GDP – example for illustration

GVA at Basic price: (Suppose a country only produce LPG cylinders) ₹ 600
🍋🍋 Indirect Taxes: CGST + SGST (Earlier, Excise + VAT) (+) ₹ 100
🧔🧔 But Petro ministry is also giving subsidy on the purchase of LPG cylinders (-) ₹ 200
under PAHAL scheme
= GVA (+) Indirect Taxes (-) Subsidies ₹ 500
= GVA + “NET Taxes”
= GDP at Current Market Price 🗓🗓🗓🗓🧔🧔 (वतर्मान बाजार क�मत)
When we adjust 🗓🗓 Current Prices (वतर्मान) with inflation against base year 2011, we get GVA / GDP
📅📅Constant Prices (��र मू�).

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 154
43.1.4 GVA & GDP: Growth Rates @Current vs Constant Price

Figure 1✋Screenshot for observation. No need to memorize

43.1.5 🥶🥶 Misc. Terms: Doom Loop (कयामत क� कु �ी/फं दा)

⇒ Doom loop occurs when one negative economic condition creates a second negative condition,
which in turn creates repeats/magnifies the effect of the first negative condition. (एक सम�ा दू सरी
सम�ा को ज� देती है �जसके चलते पहली सम�ा और गहरी हो जाती है)
⇒ e.g. 1) Pak Govt not having enough money to run the country → Pak government can’t run
schemes like India’s MUDRA/PLI etc. → Pak manufacturing will not improve → Pak
government will not earn enough direct/indirect taxes → 1) Pak Govt not having enough money
to run the country.
43.1.6 🥶🥶 Misc. Terms: Financial contagion (�व�ीय सं क्रमण)
⇒ Spread of financial market disruptions from one country/region/sector to another
country/region/sector.
⇒ e.g. Collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) in USA → Indian startup founders’ money got stuck
→ Problems in Indian IT Sector → problems in Indian Banks’ loan recovery & problems in
Indian sharemarket performance.
43.2 🌻🌻 GDP GROWTH - 📙📙ES23 OBSERVATIONS / ANALYSIS
43.2.1 🌻🌻 Real GDP Growth projection (2023–24) by 📙📙ES23
⇒ expectation: 6.5% (वा��वक वृ�द्ध दर)
⇒ range: 6.0–6.8% due to variety of global uncertainties such as
⇒ US Fed Tapering, weakening of Rupee
⇒ inflation → RBI Repo hike → loans getting expensive
⇒ Geopolitical issues (Ukraine, Taiwan) → cross-border trade and supply chain affected.

43.2.2 🌻🌻 GDP Growth what more should be done? as per 📙📙ES23

⇒ continue focusing on ease of doing business. deregulation and simplification
⇒ MSME - easier /faster loan approval facility
⇒ State governments have to address power/electricity sector issues
⇒ Education and skill development.
⇒ Healthy lifestyle to combat both 1) obesity 2) malnutrition
⇒ supply chain reforms, acquiring metals and critical minerals e-vehicles etc.
⇒ disinvestment and reduction of fiscal deficit

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 155
 �ापार म� सुगमता, छोटे उद्योगों को आसानी से कजार् �मले, �बजली सम�ा दू र हो, �श�ा और कौशल �वकास पर �ान �दया जाए,
कु पोषण और मोटापे से लड़ो, मह�पूणर् ख�नजो के �लए आपू�त श्रृंखला प्रबं धन, �व�नवेश तथा सरकारी घाटे को कम करना - इन चीजो पे
सरकार ने �ान देना होगा।

43.2.3 🌻🌻 Reforms Roadblocks and delayed/lagged result - 📙📙ES23

कु ल �मलाकर आ�थक सव��ण का यह कहना है िक हालांिक सरकार ने काफ� सारे आ�थक सुधार तो िकए थे लेिकन कु छ अप्र�ा�शत
बाधाओं के चलते उन सुधारों का सकारा�क असर देरी से �दखा.
Era 1998–2002
Reforms** Privatisation of Maruti etc, entry of private mobile telecoms companies, SARFAESI
Act 2002, Infrastructure (Golden quadrilateral Ref Pillar5),FRBM Act 2003
Roadblocks 1998: nuclear testing → Western powers imposed sanctions on India: trade and
investment declined temporarily, Twin Balance Sheet Syndrome/NPA,
El-Nino-Droughts (2000–02), 9/11 terror attack USA (2001)
Result Once shocks faded away → structural reforms showed result from 2003 to 2007–08
So now history will repeat itself, says eco survey 2023:
Era 2014–2022
Reforms** 1) UPI-BHIM, JAM-DBT, inflation-MPC target, IBC, MUDRA & other loan
schemes for MSME etc
2) GST, DDT abolished, New Income Tax Regime, Demonetisation to combat
black money, Atma-Nirbhar Bharat counter cyclic fiscal policy, privatisation of
Air India
3) GIFT-city IFSC, FDI relax in defense & insurance
4) e-NAM, Soil Health Cards, Fasal Bima & irrigation, Matsya Sampada, Agri infra
fund; PLI, Make in India 2.0, ease of doing business/ decriminalisation,
5) RERA, PM Gati Shakti, Smart Cities, Sagarmala, UDAN-Airtravel, 5G, telecom
spectrum reforms,
6) new education policy, Poshan Abhiyan & many schemes for HRD etc
Roadblocks Corona, ILFS Crisis, PNB Scam,
Russia-Ukraine, US Fed Tapering
Result Economic Survey expects similar here.

� FAQ: What exactly was done in above reforms? Ans. It is covered in respective pillars and/or
**�
mains handout. If I narrate the entire Avenger movies timeline again → it will be 150 page handout.

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 156
43.2.4 🌻🌻 Frontloaded economic stimulus in USA/EU caused overheating says 📙📙ES23

Term Meaning
Economic set of (temporary) measures taken by the government and central bank to
Stimulus revive the economy thru tax cuts, subsidies, cheap loans, money transfer to
(आ�थक प्रो�ाहन) poor people etc.
Frontloading situation where large amount of money is delivered in the early stages of the
(अग्रभार से पैसा देना) program. e.g. 3–3–1–1 instead of 2–2–2–2
Overheating Of a situation where the economy is growing at an unsustainably high rate,
The Economy leading inflation and potentially other economic problems-especially, after the
(अथर्�व�ा म� अ�त- economic stimulus is withdrawn (जब आ�थक प्रो�ाहन पैकेज के चलते अथर्तंत्र अप्र�ा�शत
ताप) ऊंची दर से वृ�द्ध कर�, जो िक लं बे समय के �लए िटकाऊ ना हो, तब अथर्तंत्र म� महंगाई और दू सरी सम�ाएं बढ़
जाती है - इसे अ�त-ताप कहते ह�। )

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 157
44 🍅🍅🧅🧅 PILLAR#4E: Inflation, WPI-CPI;

44.1.1 🔪🔪🔪🔪 neutral rate of interest / natural rate of interest

महंगाई से लड़ने के �लए लोन महंगे िकये तो लोग खरीदारी कम कर�गे -> तो उ�ादन कम होगा तो -> आ�थक वृ�द्ध दर �गर जाएगा।
तो िफर लोन का आदशर् दर �ा होना चािहए �जससे महंगाई भी काबू म� रहे, साथ ही साथ, आ�थक वृ�द्ध दर भी न �गरे? उसे ‘�ाज का
तट� दर’ कहते है.

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 158
44.1.2 NAIRU: Non-accelerating Inflation rate of unemployment & Philip Curve

⇒ As per Philip’s curve then inflation � then unemployment �

⇒ That means, if unemployment � then inflation � (because people with jobs will do more
shopping → increase in consumer demand → thereby increase in product prices.)
⇒ NAIRU refers to the level of unemployment below which inflation tends to rise.
अगर बेरोज़गारी का दर इस �र से �ादा कम हो जाएगा, तो महंगाई बढ़ने लगेगी। उस बेरोज़गारी �र को नाइ� दर कहेते है।

44.2 🍅🍅🍅🍅🍅🍅INDEX → CPI (ALL INDIA), NSO, BASE: 2012

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 159
44.2.1 🍅🍅🍅🍅🍅🍅 CPI Inflation is higher in urban areas than rural area (2021)

1. Housing prices are counted in the urban area's CPI calculation, but not in rural area. ग्रामीण इलाकों
क� महंगाई �गनती म� मकानों के दाम नहीं �गने जाते.
2. Fuel & light component, Clothing and footwear component = These have higher weightage in
urban areas' CPI than in rural areas. शहरी इलाकों क� महंगाई क� �गनती म� ऊजार्, प्रकाश, कपड़े जूतों क� क़�मतों को
ग्रामीण सीपीआई के मुकाबले �ादा वजन िदया जाता है.

44.2.2 CPI rural getting higher than urban (2022)

⇒ Rural inflation has remained above its urban inflation 2022- said �ES23.
⇒ reason: Parts of rural Assam, Manipur etc faced more inflation in food, fuel and clothing. So
when we take all India average of all rural areas, it looks high.

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 160
44.2.3 🍅🍅🍅🍅🍅🍅WPI Kabhi ⏬ kabhi ⏫

⇒ 📙📙ES23: WPI rose in 2022 due to international level inflation in petroleum products, basic
metals, chemicals & chemical products, and edible oils after Russia-Ukraine Crisis.
⇒ However now it is gradually falling down after favourable monsoon, vaccination-led economic
recovery -> supply increased, etc.,

44.2.4 🍅🍅🍅🍅🍅🍅: Inflation observations by 📙📙📙📙ES23

⇒ 2022: Agriculture inflation and Government actions → discussed in (Ref: Pillar#4A)
⇒ 2022: Government did following to control non-agri inflation
o government decreased excise duties on petrol and diesel.
o Reduced customs duty on imported raw materials such as plastic, coal, metals,
diamonds, chemicals namely methanol, acetic acid etc.
2023 following challenges:
⇒ IF China returns to normalcy from Covid-19 → its mfg & demand will increase → inflation in
global commodity price
⇒ USA rising demand for oil due to geopolitical issues in Ukraine / Taiwan.
⇒ Climate change /drought → shortage of food, green fodder, milk.

📑📑Next: Pillar#5A Infrastructure- Energy, Water, Transport (BIPASA)

45 �📡📡MRUNAL’S ECONOMY COURSE FOR UPSC

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 161
 Link to join my full length economy course covering both theory & current for UPSC
https://unacademy.com/@mrunal.org (Discount Code: Mrunal.org)

46 �📡📡MRUNAL’S MONTHLY CURRENT MAGAZINE

https://unacademy.com/content/upsc/downloads/ (Unlock Code: Mrunal.org)

47 WHAT IS ALREADY COVERED IN PAST WIN22, WIN21, WIN20

LINKs to Previous Video Lectures and handouts at https://mrunal.org/win23
Red highlight.= I find them less important for the 2023 prelims.
�न� चीज़� हम पहले ही पढ़ चुके ह�. आपने नहीं पढ़ा तो उसम� से देख लेना

47.1 WHAT IS ALREADY COVERED IN PAST 4A-AGRICULTURE

47.1.1 Win20: already covered Following in 4A👇👇
⇒ �� [Yearbook-Info] Agro Ministry
⇒ ��� [Yearbook-Info] Ministry for Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying
⇒ ��Agri-Input → Seeds → � Pepsi vs Potato Farmers
⇒ 🌧🌧�
�Agri-Input → Water (Irrigation: �संचाई)
⇒ � 🌧🌧�
� [Yearbook] Water related Ministries and Departments
⇒ 🌧🌧�
�� Water Schemes → Jal Shakti Abhiyan (2019-July)
⇒ 🌧🌧�
�� Water Schemes → Jal Jeevan Mission (2019-Aug)

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 162
⇒ 🌧🌧�
�� Water Schemes → ATAL Bhujal Yojana (=ATAL JAL) (2019-Dec)
⇒ �� Agri-Input → Water → Composite Water Management Index
⇒ ��� Agri Inputs → Don’t use chemicals → PKVY (2015)
⇒ ����Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF: शू� बजट प्राकृ �तक खेती)
⇒ ��� Organic farming & ZBNF → Limitations? (मयार्दा/चुनौ�तया)
⇒ ��� Conclusion: Organic farming / ZBNF
⇒ �Model APMC Act?
⇒ ���� Agro Ordinance#1 → APMC Ordinance 2020
⇒ ������� Agro Ordinance#2 → Contract farming Ordinance 2020-June
⇒ ������: FCI’s Buffer Stock Problem (बफर भं डार)
⇒ ����: � Agri-Selling: Storage and Transport
⇒ ���Food Inflation due to Cobweb cycle ����
�
⇒ ���: � Food Inflation → Essential Commodities Act
⇒ ������Agro Ordinance#3 → ECA Ordinance 2020
⇒ �� Agriculture Production & Processing → Other Schemes
⇒ ���� �� Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (2020-Jul)
⇒ ���� Atma-Nirbhar: ”Op Green” expanded to all fruits & veggies
⇒ ���� Atma-Nirbhar: Food Enterprises promotion (खाद्य उद्यमों को बढ़ावा)
⇒ � Sectors → Agro Allied: → Animal husbandry (पशुपालन)
⇒ ��� Livestock Census (पशुधन क� जनगणना)
⇒ �� Agro Allied: Animal husbandry → SCHEMES
⇒ ��: ES2019: Focus on Small Ruminants
⇒ �����Atma-Nirbhar: Dairy cooperatives (दु�ालय सहकारी स�म�तयां)
⇒ �Agro Allied: Fisheries → Blue revolution (म� → नीली क्रां�त)
⇒ ����Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (2020)
⇒ � Global Cooperation: Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO)
⇒ � Global Cooperation: Misc. → SAARC Food Bank (2007)
⇒ � Global Cooperation: Misc. → International Grains Council (London)

47.1.2 Win21: already covered Following in 4A-Agro👇👇

⇒ �Sectors of Economy: Agriculture & Cooperatives
⇒ ��Cooperative societies Meaning, Types & New Ministry
⇒ ��� [Yearbook-Info] Cooperative Ministry
⇒ 🌧🌧�
�Agri-Input → Water (Irrigation: �सच
ं ाई)
⇒ 🌧🌧�
�� Water Schemes → Jal Jeevan Mission (Rural) (2021-Budget)
⇒ ���Agri-Selling: food inflation for consumers
⇒ ���: �: ��ES21 how to control onion inflation?

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 163
⇒ 🏝🏝🏝🏝🏝🏝Edible oil ki New Scheme (NMEO-OP: 2021-Aug)
⇒ ��World Food Prize [�व� खाद्य पुर�ार]

47.1.3 Win22: already covered Following in 4A-Agro👇👇

⇒ �Pillar#4A: Sectors of Economy- Agriculture
⇒ �Agri Production Numbers/GK: India is _ _ _ (as per ES22).
⇒ �� [Yearbook-Info] Ministries and Departments
⇒ ��Agriculture-Inputs
⇒ ��Agri-Input → Seeds → Genetically modified (GM) crops
⇒ ��Agri-Input → Seeds → Landraces (जमीनी प्रजा�त क� फ़सले/बीज)
⇒ �Agri-Input → Water (irrigation) – Budget 2022
⇒ � Prevent urea overuse→ Nano-Urea- suggested by�
��ES22
⇒ ��� AGRI INPUTS → No chemicals: PKVY (2015) → (BPKP-2021)
⇒ ��� AGRI INPUTS → No chemicals: ��Budget-2022 kya bolaa?
⇒ ��� Agri Inputs → Farm Mechanization: new initiatives?
⇒ �� AGRI-OUTPUT → Biomass Pellets
⇒ ����AGRI-SELLING →3 Farm Laws withdrawn
⇒ ����AGRI-SELLING → FARMER’S INCOME: SAS SURVEY DATA
⇒ ���� AGRI-SELLING → Crop Diversification via MSP
⇒ ��ES22: Crop Diversification: by higher MSP (फ़सल �व�वधीकरण- उ� �ूनतम समथर्न मू� द्वारा)
⇒ ���� Crop Diversification: CDP program (2013)
⇒ ���� FCI & PDS & NFSA
⇒ ���AGRI-SELLING: FOOD INFLATION FOR CONSUMERS
⇒ ���Seasonality in Onion-Tomatoes
⇒ ��� Agro-Selling→ Deflation → Sugar mills’ problem
⇒ ��� Agro-Selling→ Deflation → Sugar Subsidy & WTO order
⇒ �� Fish Selling → Shaphari certification for aquaculture exports (MPEDA, 2021)

47.2 WHAT IS ALREADY COVERED IN PAST 4B- MFG SERVICES IPR👇👇

47.2.1 Win20: already covered Following in 4B-Mfg & Services👇👇

⇒ ��:�
� �� Mfg: Assemble in India (अस�बल इन इं िडया)
⇒ �� Mfg & Services → Startup India (2016)
⇒ ��:�
� (Full) Budget-2019 on Start-ups
⇒ ��:�
� Budget-2020 on Start-ups
⇒ �� Startup: Misc Terms and trends

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 164
⇒ �� Startup: Factors affecting new firms creation (�
��ES20)
⇒ �� → Quantum Technology (�ांटम प्रौद्यो�गक�) 2020
⇒ �Mfg & Services → Intellectual Property Rights
⇒ �IPR → Patents → What can’t be Patented?
⇒ ��Patent pools (पेटंटो का समूहीकरण)
⇒ ��Atma-Nirbhar IPR → YUKTI 2.0
⇒ � IPR Index → NITI’s India Innovation Index (भारत नवाचार सूचकांक)
⇒ �� IPR Index → International
⇒ Sectors: Ease of Doing Business Report
⇒ ��ES20 Vol1ch6 on Ease of Doing Biz in India: observed
⇒ ��Pro-Business vs Pro-Crony, ��ES20Vol1Ch3
⇒ ���Cronyism: Related Party Transaction (RPT: सं बं�धत प�ों से लेनदेन)
⇒ ��: ��Cronyism: Economist David Ricardo & Rent Seeking
⇒ �🗃🗃🗃🗃Crony Capitalism and SENSEX’s 30 companies
⇒ �� Pro-business vs Pro-Crony Policies
⇒ �� Ease of doing Biz → Judicial Reforms: �ा�यक सुधार
⇒ ���Transparency International → Corruption Perceptions Index 2019
⇒ �� Minimum Wages (�ूनतम वेतन)
⇒ �� ���EoD → Corona: Suspension of Labour Laws?
⇒ ��� Banking = Public Utility Service (सावर्ज�नक उपयो�गता सेवा)
⇒ �� Mfg & Services → MSME → Ministry
⇒ � �� ATMANI: MSME Definition Changed by Government
⇒ ����� MSME → Atma-Nirbhar Funding/Schemes (2020, Corona)
⇒ ����� Atma-Nirbhar-MSME: CHAMPIONS WebPortal (2020-May)
⇒ �� ���� ES19: MSME dwarfism shd be discouraged (बौनापन)
⇒ � Mfg → Bodies for quality standards
⇒ �: � BIS & Gold Hallmarking
⇒ � Commerce Ministry → Not-Statutory → NPC (1958)
⇒ � Health ministry→ Statutory → FSSAI (2006)
⇒ � Power Ministry → Statutory → BEE (2001-02)
⇒ �� Consumer Protection Act, 2019 (उपभो�ा सं र�ण)

47.2.2 Win21: already covered Following in 4B-Mfg & Services 👇👇

⇒ 🕵🕵🕵🕵 Sectors: Ease of doing business in India
⇒ 🕵🕵🕵🕵 ES21: Over regulation in India
⇒ ��EoD → Ease of Doing Business Report by World Bank
⇒ ��EoD → Indian States’ EoD: BRAP Ranking 2020

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 165
⇒ ��EoD → Economic Freedom of the World (2020, Sept)
⇒ ���:�
��Production Linked Incentive Scheme (PLI)
⇒ �PLI Scheme Benefits?
⇒ �India can be "pharmacy of the world" says ��ES21
⇒ �� IPR → Pvt sector not spending enough ₹₹ on R&D
⇒ �� Number of patents filed by a resident of a given country
⇒ �� Gross domestic expenditure on Research & Development (GERD)
⇒ �� IPR → Notable Schemes: YUKTI and KAPILA
⇒ �� IPR → Indices & Rankings
⇒ �� IPR Index → Global Innovation Index (GII: वै��क नवीनीकरण सूचकांक)
⇒ � Index → Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) by WEF
⇒ � Index → World Competitiveness Report
⇒ � Index → NITI’s India Innovation Index (भारत नवाचार सूचकांक)
⇒ ��� Textile Ministry → MITRA PARKS
⇒ ��MSME: RAMP programme by World Bank
⇒ ��MSME Exporters: Ubharte Sitaare Programme (USP: 2021-Aug)
⇒ 🗺🗺One District One Product (ODOP: 2021)
⇒ �Hallmarking of gold and silver
⇒ �Sectors of Economy → Knowledge Economy
⇒ ��Service Sector: IT & BPM
⇒ ��Other Service Provider (OSP) guidelines of the Department of Telecom.
⇒ ���: Knowledge economy of India: Threats/Challenges
⇒ �E-Commerce: Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC)

47.2.3 Win23: already covered Following in 4B-MFG Services IPR👇👇

⇒ �Mfg & Services: Industrial policy and LPG reforms
⇒ ⛸🗑🗑🗑🗑🗑🗑 Circular Economy (प�रक्रामी अथर्�व�ा)
⇒ � EODB 2.0 in ��Budget-2022 (�ापार सुगमता का दू सरा चरण)
⇒ ��: International Arbitration Centre @GIFT city - in ��Budget-2022
⇒ �� Mfg & Services → �Textile
⇒ �� Mfg & Services → MSME → Ministry
⇒ MSME ko time pe payment – promises ��Budget-2022
⇒ ����� Public Procurement → GeM Portal is bahut Mahaan says ��ES22
⇒ ��Public Procurement → Various Models – L1, QCBS, SSS- in ��ES22
⇒ Sunrise sector in ��Budget-2022 (सूय�दय �ेत्र: जहाँ तेज़ वृ�द्ध क� सं भावना)
⇒ ��ES22: Electronics is META-Resource
⇒ ��ES22: Startups, Service Sector & ka bol-bachchan

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 166
⇒ ��ES22: Patent approval process very slow in India
⇒ PARAKH Laboratory Network (2021)

47.3 WHAT IS ALREADY COVERED IN PAST: 4CDE (GDP, UNEMPLOYMENT,INFLATION)

47.3.1 Win20: already covered Following in 4CDE 👇👇

⇒ �� Economic Planning & Economic Systems
⇒ � Types of Economic Planning
⇒ ��
� � � [Yearbook] MOSPI, NSSO, CSO, NSO
⇒ ���� Mahalanobis National Award for Statistics
⇒ MoSPI Reports’ Controversies
⇒ ��
� �� Standing Committee on Economic Statistics (SCES)
⇒ �� Unemployment → Workers Classification by NSO
⇒ ��Census-2011 classification of workers
⇒ � Unemployment → NSO Survey Types
⇒ � Indicators → unemployment rate (UR)
⇒ �/( � �) Indicators → Worker Population Ratio (WPR)
⇒ �/( ���) Indicators → Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR)
⇒ ���Pillar#4: Indicators → GDP
⇒ ���Post-Corona: V-shaped recovery for India?
⇒ �� GDP Growth rate of India & World is �, says ES20
⇒ �ES20 Vol1ch10: India GDP is not overstated
⇒ Growth rate: why fall / decline?
⇒ �� Declining Growth rate: future risks / challenges
⇒ �� Global Risk Report (वै��क जो�खम �रपोटर्)
⇒ ����Declining Growth rate: glass is still half-full!
⇒ World Bank-ICP's GDP series based on PPP
⇒ � (Full) Budget-2019: $5 Trillion economy
⇒ ��ES20 Vol1Ch1 on Wealth Creation (धन सृजन)
⇒ �� ES19: GDP growth harmed during Economic Policy Uncertainty
⇒ �� ES19: How to reduce Economic Policy Uncertainty
⇒ ����� GDP → $5 Trillion → Atma-Nirbhar Bharat
⇒ �� Mains Questions: GDP, Economic Growth
⇒ �Pillar#4C: Indicators → Inflation
⇒ ���: Inflation observations by ES20 Vol2Ch5
⇒ 🍽🍽�
�� Thalinomics by ES20: Vol1Ch11

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 167
47.3.2 Win21: already covered Following in 4CDE 👇👇
⇒ ��Occupational structure of Indian Workers- as per ES21
⇒ �Worker Types: Organized/Un/Formal/Informal
⇒ �Worker Types → Unorganized workers → E-Shram Portal for them (2021-Aug)
⇒ ��� Worker Types → Gig workers & Two sided market - ES21
⇒ � Unemployment → NSO Survey Types
⇒ � �UNEMPLYOMENT: Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS)
⇒ � �PLFS: Unemployment Rates
⇒ � �PLFS: Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR)
⇒ � �PLFS: Employment Annual Trends
⇒ ���Pillar#4: Indicators → GDP
⇒ � AGRICULTURE is the “SAVIOUR” in GDP in Corona Year 2020?
⇒ Gross Value Added (GVA) to GDP
⇒ ���Post-Corona: V-shaped recovery for India?
⇒ ��� ��Low base effect in GDP growth
⇒ �����GDP Growth Rate in Corona
⇒ �����Negative GDP Growth: Demand & Supply-side Shocks in Corona
⇒ �����Negative GDP growth: Post Independence
⇒ �����Negative GDP growth: Impact on States in Corona
⇒ �Misc. Terms: Animal spirit in the economy
⇒ �Misc. Terms: Pent up demand (दबी �ई मांग)
⇒ � Misc. Terms: Hysteresis
⇒ 🕹🕹 Capitalism- Great Reset Initiative by W.E.F (�व� आ�थक मं च क� ग्रेट रीसेट पहल)
⇒ �� � Uttarakhand Gross Environment Product (GEP)
⇒ �� Global Risk Report (वै��क जो�खम �रपोटर्)
⇒ ����� GDP → $5 Trillion → Atma-Nirbhar Bharat
⇒ �Types of Nations : High Income, Low Income
⇒ �Types of Nations : Advanced Economies (AE : उ�त अथर्�व�ाएं )
⇒ �Types of Nations : EMDEs (उभरते बाजार और �वकासशील अथर्तंत्र)
⇒ �Types of Nations : Bangladesh transition from LDC to Developing Country
⇒ �Bangladesh Per Capita GDP higher than India?
⇒ ���Index → Inflation indices
⇒ ���CPI-IW: New reforms in 2020- Oct
⇒ ��� CPI (All India)
⇒ 🗓🗓 Inflation → Base Effect?
⇒ ��� CPI Inflation is higher in urban areas than rural area because
⇒ ��� CPI in Corona- ES21

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 168
⇒ ���: �Inflation targeting by RBI- focus on Core CPI or Headline CPI?
⇒ ���WPI Kabhi � kabhi �
⇒ 🍽🍽🍽🍽🍽🍽 Thalinomics data in ES21
⇒ 🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠Index → Production → Index of Industrial Production (IIP)

47.3.3 Win22: already covered Following in 4CDE 👇👇

⇒ �� Economic Planning & Economic Systems
⇒ �� Planning Commission → Five Year plans
⇒ �� Planning Commission vs Niti Aayog: Structure
⇒ �� NITI- New Vice Chairman: Suman Bery
⇒ � Pillar#4C: Indicators → Unemployment
⇒ ��Occupational of Indian Workers- as per ES22 (number in Crores)
⇒ � � Indicators → unemployment (UR: बेरोज़गारी) ES22 (in Crores)
⇒ ��� Worker Types → Unorganized sector Meaning
⇒ � 🖱🖱 → Unorganized workers → E-Shram Portal → ��ES22 DATA
⇒ ���Pillar#4: Indicators → GDP
⇒ ��GDP Calculation Method#1→ via Expenditure (�य द्वारा)
⇒ GDP projections: Economic Survey vs NSO
⇒ �� GDP Calc Method → via Production/GVA (उ�ादन द्वारा)
⇒ �� GDP → Sector-wise growth
⇒ �� GDP Calculation Method → via Income (CSO real life)
⇒ �� Declining Growth rate: future risks / challenges- ��ES22
⇒ ��ES22: supply-side reforms to � GDP (आ�थक वृ�द्ध के �लए आपू�त �ेत्र के सुधार)
⇒ �� Global Risk Report 2022- January (वै��क जो�खम �रपोटर्)
⇒ �� Global Risk Report 2022- Short term risks for India
⇒ � GDP → GNP to NNP to Per Capita Income
⇒ �� GDP Limitations
⇒ �� GDP → Economic Growth vs Economic Development
⇒ �Pillar#4C: Indicators → Inflation
⇒ ���Index → Inflation indices
⇒ ��� Headline vs Core CPI?
⇒ ��� “Refined Core Inflation”?
⇒ ���WPI Kabhi � kabhi �
⇒ ���: Inflation observations by ��ES22
⇒ 🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠🛠Index → Production → Misc. indices

📑📑Next: Pillar#5A Infrastructure- Energy, Water, Transport (BIPASA)

Mrunal’s Economy Win23 Series Pillar#4- Sectors, GDP, Inflation, Unemployment → Page 169