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    AIMO 2007 Problems and Solutions

    Uploaded by

    Khuy Ich
    HI

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2007 AustRALIAN INTERMEDIATE Matuematics OtymPiaD Time allowed: 4 hours NO calculators are to be used Questions 1 to 8 only require answers (non-negative integers less than 1000) Questions 9 and 10 require written solutions and may require arguments or proofs. ‘The Investigation in Question 10 may be used to determine prize winners. 1. Trevor's trailer has two wheels on its axle and carries a spare wheel. The three wheels are changed around from time to time. The three tyres have been worn for 25000 kin, 28000 km, and 31000 km respectively. How many thousand kilometres has Trevor's trailer travelled? [2 marks] we The rectangle shown has sides of length 28 and 15. The diagonal is divided into 7 equal parts. Find the area of the shaded quadri- lateral. [3 marks} 3. When 113744 and 109417 are divided by the 3-digit positive integer N, the remainders are 119 and 292 respectively. Find N. (3 marks] 4. ABC is a triangle with AB = 85, BC = 75, and CA= 40. A semicircle is tangent to AB and AC and its diameter lies on BC. Find the radius of the semicircle. [8 marks] 10. . When a positive integer N is written in base 4 it has three digits. . 2? — 19a + 94 is a perfect square where x is an integer. Find the . A point P is marked inside a regular hexagon ABCDEF' so that . Find a prime, p, with the property that for some larger prime . Find «+ y where x and y are non-zero solutions of the system of equations yo = 1804 17xy + by? ay = 20a? + 3y?. 3 marks| When 3N is written in base 6 it also has three digits and has the same middle digit as N to base 4. Find the decimal sum of all such numbers N. 4 marks) largest possible value of «. 4 marks| LBAP = £DCP = 50°. Find ZABP. 4 marks) number, g, both 2g —p and 2g +p are prime numbers. Prove that there is only one such prime p. ‘4 marks] In a triangle ADC, DC = 65 and altitudes DB and CE have lengths 33 and 63 respectively. Prove that the lengths of AB and AE can not both be integers. 5 marks Investigation Find AB and AE. % In a triangle A'D/C', D/C’ = 65k and altitudes D'B' and C'E" have lengths 33k and 63h respectively. Is there a value for k so that both A’B’ and A’E’ are integers? If not, explain why. If so, find all such values of k. 2007 AusTRALIAN INTERMEDIATE Matuematics OLYMPIAD SOLUTIONS 1. Method 1 Each kilometre worn by a tyre is the same kilometre worn by one other tyre. So the total worn distance for the three tyres is exactly twice the distance the trailer travelled. Hence the total distance travelled by Trevor’s trailer = (25 + 28+ 31) = 42 thousand kilometres. Method 2 Number the tyres 1, Let « = the distance Trevor's trailer travels on tyres 1 and 2. Let y = the distance Trevor's trailer travels on tyres 1 and 3. Let z = the distance Trevor’s trailer travels on tyres 2 and 3 Then a+y = 25000 a+z = 28000 y+2 = 31000. Summing these equations gives 2x + 2y +2z = 84000. ‘The total distance travelled by Trevor’s trailer = 2+ y+ z= 42 thousand kilometres. Method 3 Number the tyres 1, 2, 3. Let T = total distance travelled by Trevor's trailer. Tyre 1 rested for T — 25000 km. Tyre 2 rested for T — 28000 km. Tyre 3 rested for T — 31000 km. Total distance travelled = total resting distance. Therefore T = (T—25000)-+(T—28000) +(T—31000) = 37—84000. So 27 = 84000 km and T = 42 thousand kilometres. 2. Method 1 Join all the marks on the diagonal to the same two corners of the rectangle. The seven triangles on one side of the diagonal have equal bases and the same height, so have the same area. Hence the rectangle is divided into 7 quadrilaterals of equal area. The area of the shaded region is then 78348 = 60. Method 2 Let P be a point on the diagonal AC’ so that BP is perpendicular to AC. A 28 B 1b P D Cc From similar triangles APB and ABC! we get the following equa- tions. PB _ AB BC AC PB 38. 15 AC 15 x 28 te AC ‘The shaded area = 2x $ x Af x PB=15 x 4=60. 3. N must be a common divisor of 113744 — 119 = 113625 and 109417 — 292 = 109125. By using Euclid’s algorithm or extracting prime factors, we find that the greatest common divisor of these numbers is 1125. So N must be a factor of 1125 = 5° x 3°. ‘The only 3-digit factors of 1125 are 5° = 125, 5° x 3 = 375, and 52 x 32 = 225, N must be greater than the larger remainder, 292. So N = 375. 4, Since 75? + 40? = 5625 + 1600 = 7225 = 852, LACB = 90° by the converse of Pythagoras’ Theorem. Let r be the radius of the semicircle. Draw the radius OP perpendicular to AB as shown. A 85, P 40 . c oO B 75 Method 1 Right-angled triangles OPB and ACB have a common angle at B, hence they are similar. Therefore oP _ AC OB ~ AB 40 85 85r = 40(75—r). So 125r = 3000 and r = 24, Method 2 AC and AP are tangents to the semicircle. Hence AP = AC = 40 and PB = 45. Applying Pythagoras’ theorem to AOPB gives the following equations. OB? = OP? + PB? (75-r)? = 1? +457 75? -150r = 45. So 6r = 225 — 81 = 144 and r = 24. . Method 1 Multiplying the first equation by x and the second equation by y gives on yo = vy Equating these gives 15a? + bay? 3ay + 3y° 5a(a? + y?) y(o? +y?) ba = y The second given equation gives 5a3 = 202? + 75a? = 95a. Hence 2 =19,y=95, and e+y = 114. Method 2 Let z and y be non-zero solutions of the system and put z = ¥. Then the system becomes wz? = 160? + 170? 2 + 15072” 20x? + 3272”, 2 After cancelling 2? and multiplying the second equation by z, the system becomes wz 15 + 172+ 152 ae = 20z+32° (*) Equating these gives +172+1527 = 20z+32* 15+1522 = 32+32° B(l+2?) = 2(1+27) z 5 = 1004375 = 19x 5=95, anda +y = 114. From equation (+), 25 Hence x = 19, y ==: . Suppose N to base 4 is the 3-digit number abc and 3NV to base 6 is the 3-digit number dé. Then, in base 10, we have N = 16a+4b-+e and 48a-+12b + 3c = 3N = 36d + 6b +e Hence 3 divides ¢, so it must be 0 or 3. Simplifying the equation gives 16a + 2b+c = 12d+ f, where fis 0 or 1. Alsol y and thus z = y +a for some positive integer a, Hence y?-+y+ which simplifies to (2a —1)y = -«a (y+a)? =P +2ay+a?, Since the left-hand side of this equation is positive, the right-hand side must be too. Hence a=1and y=3. It follows that 2 = 13 is the only solution in this case. If y is not positive, then x < 10. Therefore the largest value for « is 18. Method 3 Suppose «? — 192 +94 = 6, where b is an integer. Completing the square on x gives 19,5 19. _ ao (@@- ZY +9-GP = 8 (2x — 19)? +376~ 361 = 40? 4b? ~(2a—19)? = 15 (2b-+ 2a —19)(2b—2e +19) = 15 Hence 2b+2e-19 = 1, 3, 5, 15, -1, -8, -5, -15 and %—-2e419 = 15, 5, 3, 1,-15, -5, -3, —1 respectively. Subtracting these equations gives 4c—38 =-14,-2, 2, M, ld, 2, —2,-14 respectively. Hence de = 24, 36, 40, or 52 and « = 6,9, 10, or 13. Therefore the largest value for x is 13 The internal angles of a regular hexagon are 120°. Therefore ABC = 120° and ZBCP = 120° — 50° = 70°. Since the sum of the angles in a quadrilateral is 360°, ZAPC = 120°. Also the external angle ABC = 240° Since BA = BC’ and the external angle ABC is twice APC, P lies on the circle through A and C with centre B. So BA = BP and AABP is isosceles. ‘Therefore APB = 50°, and ZABP = 180° — 50° — 50° = 80°. A B 9. Ifp =3 and q=5, then 2g—p = 7 and 2q +p = 13 which are both prime, $o 3 has the required property. (Other solutions for p = 3 include q = 7,13, 17.) We now show that no other prime number has this property. If p= 2, then 2g-+p = 2(q+ 1) which is never prime for g > p = 2. Suppose 3 < p

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