Lecture : 04 (Part- 1)

Transformation of Active & Passive

(Basic Rules & Tense Related Rules)
Active Voice Passive Voice হেল সাধারণত ৫িট কাজ করেত হয়।
১. Object → Subject হেব, আর Subject → Object হেব।
২. যিদ েকান Auxiliary Verb থােক, তাহেল েসটা বসেব।
৩. অিতির� একিট be verb বসেব।
৪. মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসেব।
৫. একিট Preposition (by / to / with / at / in) বসেব।
I can help you.
You
can
Be
helped
by me.
The Rime of the Rules of Voice Change
Subject টােক Object বািনেয় দূ ের সিরেয় দাও Object টােক Subject
বািনেয় �থেম এেন বসাও ৷ Auxiliary Verb েকানটা থাকেল Subject এর
পর বসাও, অিতির� Be Verb একটা এখন তেব লাগাও । মূল Verb এর
Past Participle করেত েতামােক হেব, By/to/ with/at/in লাগাও
Object এর পূেবর্।
২. যিদ েকান Auxiliary Verb থােক, তাহেল েসটা বসেব।
• �েয়াজেন একই �েপর Auxiliary Verb �ারা পিরবতর্ন করেত হেব।
েযমন-
 am, is, are
 was, were
 have, has
 shall, will
I am helping him.
He is being helped by me.
I have done the work.
The work has been done by me.
অিতির� Be Verb বসােনার িনয়ম:
Basic : Active Voice Verb, Passive Voice এ be verb েস রকম
বসেব ।
Be Verb হে� ৮িট। যথা-
Am is are = Present Form
Was were = Past Form
Be = Base Form
Being = ing বা Present Participle
Been = Past Participle
Details of Using
Extra 'Be' Verb
অিতির� Be Verb বসােনার িনয়ম:
মূ ল Verb এর আেগ যিদ to অথবা েকান Modal Auxiliary (েযমন can,
may, shall, will ইতয্ািদ) থােক তাহেল অিতির� be verb িহেসেব “be”
বসােত হেব। েযমন-
• I can do it.
→ It can be done by me.
• I am to do it.
→ It is to be done by me.
• I am going to do it.
→ It is going to be done by me.
Present Indefinite Tense 4 am/is/are েযাগ হেব।
েযমন-
# I help you.
→ You are helped by me.
Past Indefinite Tense 4 was/were েযাগ হেব।
েযমন-
# I helped you.
→ You were helped by me.
অিতির� Be Verb বসােনার িনয়ম:
do/does থাকেল এগুেলার পিরবেতর্ am/is/are আর did থাকেল এর
পিরবেতর্ was/were বসােত হেব। েযমন-
 Do I eat rice? Is rice eaten by me?
 I do not eat rice. → Rice is not eaten by me.
 He does not play football. → Football is not played by him.
 I did not buy a book. A book was not bought by me.
 Did he play football? Was football played by him?
Continuous Tense এ মূ ল Verb এর সােথ ing লাগােনা থােক, তাই
অিতির� be verb এর সােথ ing লািগেয় “being” বসােত হেব।
েযমন-
I am eating a mango.
→A mango is being eaten by me.
We are playing football.
→Football is being played by us. He was doing the work.
→The work was being done by him.
She will be reading a book.
→ A book will be being read by her.
Perfect Continuous Tense একটু বয্িত�ম। এ েক্ষে� েকান অিতির� be
verb বসেব না। েযমন-
•I have been reading the book for two hours.
→ The book has been read for two hours by me.
অিতির� Be Verb বসােনার িনয়ম:
Perfect Tense এ মূ ল Verb, Past Participle আকাের বেস, তাই অিতির�
be verb টােক Past Participle বািনেয় “been” বসােত হেব।
 I have posted the letter.
→ The letter has been posted by me.
•He has written a book.
→ A book has been written by him.
•He had done the work.
→ The work had been done by him.
• I will have finished the task.
→ The task will have been finished by me.
Be Verb বসােনার িনয়ম
 To বা Modal Verb যিদ থােক েকান একটা Be সােহব িনেজই তখন
করেব তার কাজটা ৷
 Auxiliary Verb যিদ নািহ থােক বােকয্
 Am to were বিসেয় দাও Indefinite Tense এ
 (am to were = am, is, are, was, were)
 Present হেল am/is/are বসােত েতামায় হেব,
 Was / were বিসেয় দাও Past যখন হেব।
 Auxiliary - do / does/ did থাকেল করেব তুিম কী? ধা�া িদেয়
েফেল ওেদর am to were বসাও বুিঝ শুিন ।
 মূল Verb এর সােথ থােক যিদ ing (ইং) Be Verb িহেসেব বসাও তখন
being.
 মূল Verb Past Participle যিদ কভু হয় Been বসােত েতামার েযন
ি�ধা নািহ রয়।
• Active Voice েক Passive Voice করেত হেল সাধারণত ৫িট কাজ
করেত হয়।
১. Object → Subject হেব
আর Subject > Object হেব।
২. যিদ েকান Auxiliary Verb থােক, তাহেল েসটা বসেব।
৩. অিতির� একিট be verb বসেব।
৪. মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসেব।
৫. একিট Preposition (by / to / with / at/in) বসেব।
Live Interactive Class

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