Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A Research Proposal
Presented to
In Partial Fulfillment
Research Project
Bajo,John Clerk
Bajenting, Ilyn
Panerio, Gerly
Villacorte, Nicka
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
The outbreak of the new corona virus infection known as COVID-19 has first
occurred at Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan city of China in December 2019
(Wikipedia, 2020), and within a couple of months it has turned out to be a global health
emergency. It has rapidly affected thousands of people, who are sick or being killed due
to the spread of this disease. The COVID-19 pandemic also resulted in a widespread
disruption such as travel restrictions, closure of schools and global economic recession.
Most countries around the world have temporarily closed educational institutions
to contain the spread of the virus and reduce infections (Tria, 2020). Face to face
engagement of students and 101 teachers within the school has also been suspended.
The Philippines is in the process of adapting to the new normal form of education at
present, and continuous innovations of educators and active involvement of other
stakeholders are the driving force for its success. For the continuity of education and for
every school to still attain its mission and vision which is to provide quality education to
every Filipino learner, the Department of Education implemented the Modular Distance
Learning.
As one of the schools in the Philippines who is also affected primarily by the
emergent transition from face-to-face classes to distance learning, this study is deemed
to be important as it provides a synopsis of how distance learning is going on in the
most important frontier in education, which is the classroom. It is in this premise where
this study was conducted to identify students’ perception regarding the utilization and
effectiveness of Distance Learning towards the students of USMAD NATIONAL
HIGHSCHOOL.
It provides relevant understanding, views, and sentiments of the students which
are consider important determinant of the outcome of this recent and experimental
stage of distance learning in the country.
“One must know how to adjust to the changes and that despite the many uncertainties,
teacher and parents must turn them into opportunities that will help in
continue
achieving the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal 4, which is
"quality
education"--even amidst the pandemic.”(Scoular, 2019
Theoretical Background
For the purpose of this study, the theoretical point of departure is the framework
of independence and autonomy – more specifically, Moore’s (1973) theory of
transactional distance. In contrast with the many theories that originated in the
classroom environment, the theory of transactional distance offers an all-embracing
pedagogical framework for distance education that developed from an inquiry of
teaching and learning through technology in contrast with classroom-based theories.
According to Tait (2017: 6), this theory is seen as one of the few distance education
theories that can be used to test hypotheses and serves as a heuristic device, a means
of identifying questions for research and also a very practical instrument to be used in
making… difficult instructional design decisions. (para.3)
Garrison and Baynton (as cited in Garrison, 2000) emphasized that the concept
of control by the learner is another conspicuous notion. Learner independence and
control, based on the learner-interface interaction, was added to substitute the notion of
independence (autonomy) as presented by Holmberg and Moore.
Garrison and Baynton (1987) are of the opinion that these two concepts have
been applied with diverse interpretations and thus do not echo the necessary
interdependent teacher-learner relationship. Learner control (Garrison, 2000: 10) is
concerned with 14 The Independent Journal of Teaching and Learning - Volume 16 (1) /
2021 Formerly The Journal of Independent Teaching and Learning the opportunity and
ability to influence and direct a course of events… control within the educational setting,
however, cannot be established by only one party when the direction of the course of
events must inherently be collaborative.
Baynton (1992) designed a factor model explaining that control does not equal
independence but rather necessitates an equilibrium among the following three factors:
(i) a learner’s independence (the opportunity to make choices), (ii) competence (ability
and skill), and (iii) support (both human and material). The analysis of the three factors
implies that other variables may impact the concept of control and the multifaceted
teacher-learner interaction.
Theories of Theory of Theories of
interaction and transactional independence
communication Distance and autonomy
HOLMBERG Moore’s
The challenge, The Perceive Effects of Distance Learning towards the Junior
High School Students of Usmad National High School however, was to deliver and
facilitate learning while ensuring the safety and welfare of the learners, educators,
administrators, and non-teaching staff (Torrau, 2020). The education sector was aware
of the concerns about the ways of teaching and learning. Crosby et al (2020) noted that
there were fears and mental and social well-being issues that translated to fear of not
being safe. The familiarity of both students and teachers with distance learning was
another source of concern (Jacobs & Ivone, 2020).
THE PROBLEM
This study aims to find out the student’s perception towards distance learning
among the student’s of Usmad National High school.
4. How well could students maintain a study-life balance while distance learning?
Teachers. This study informs teachers about how well Students perform during
distant learning.
Future researchers. The outcome of the study can be utilized as a reference and
will serve as a guide for more future helpful studies
Students. This study gives awareness to students on their study habits and time
management
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This section discusses the method of research used, sources of data, and
research procedures utilized in the study is description.
Design
utilized correlational research to know the relationship between the student and their
productivity. The collected data undergoes analysis. A systematic process was used to
statistical formula and interpretation after consolidating the answers of the respondents.
A sample program will be proposed based from the findings of the students.
Research Respondents
High School who are engaging in the new normal where the mode of learning is
modular. Universal sampling technique was utilized in this study. Universal sampling
refers to the selection of sample where not all the people in the population have the
same profitability of being included in the sample and each one of them, the profitability
Table 1
Distribution of Respondents
The study was conducted through interview using survey questionnaire that
gather primary information and to attain the objective of the study. This includes the
teachers in Usmad National High School who are teaching in the modular learning set
up.
Argao, Cebu. Given with the consideration of pandemic, the researchers utilizes
research questionnaire. Where the researchers will only give some research
In order to gather the data, the instrument utilized in the study is a modified
research questionnaire with ten (10) items from Classroom Management Techniques
(Scrivener, 2012) questionnaire. The instrument will be used to assess the productivity
of Usmad National High School teachers and will find out what is the level of their
productivity.
Treatment of Data
After collecting the data, the result of the survey that will be coming from the
research study’s respondents will be analyzed by the researchers. The data that will be
collected from the questionnaire that will be given to them will be treated by the use of
Pearson’s R or Pearson Correlation coefficient formula as this generates clearer
interpretation with regards to their responses in determining the relationship between
the distance learning and GPA of the students.
Where:
P¿ Percentage
f¿responses
n¿number of responses
2. Weighted Mean this will utilize to determine on what is the students’ perception
when engaging in Tiktok application.
WM= Σfw/N
Where:
Σ= summation of
f= frequency
w= weight
2 1.76-2.50% Disagree
Where,
r = Pearson Coefficient
n= number of the pairs of the stock
∑xy = sum of products of the paired stocks
∑x = sum of the x scores
∑y= sum of the y scores
∑x2 = sum of the squared x scores
∑y2 = sum of the squared y score