Topic : Some Advantages of Using Technology Models in Architectural Diagrams

Sub Topic: BIM is one of the technological model developments in architectural

diagrams

I. Introduction
As we can see, the development of technological models in architectural
diagrams is growing quite rapidly. Technology models began to be widely used to meet
the needs in designing, especially architecture. This development occurs because
demand in the architectural business and the like continues to increase from time to
time. Development in an area that is so rapid is one of the factors for the large number
of requests in the architectural sphere. Therefore, along with the development of the
future, architects must need technology that can shorten time and optimize existing
requests.

BIM or Building Information Modeling is a system or technology that includes

some important information in the Design, Construction, Maintenance process that is
integrated in 3D modeling.
This BIM has begun to be used in strategic projects in Indonesia to support
technological advances in the construction sector. The application of BIM is very
important to be developed in Indonesia because it can simplify and speed up the work
process on projects. One of the advantages of BIM is the integration of information from
various disciplines in one 3D modeling. The general public finds it easier to read 3-
dimensional project drawings than 2-dimensional ones. With a 3-dimensional image, it
will be easier for the project owner to understand the technical drawings submitted by
the contractor.

BIM or Building Information Modeling became popular in 2002 after Autodesk

released a paper entitled "Building Information Modeling". The term Building Information
Modeling reappeared in mid-2005 when the US General Services Administration (GSA)
made the decision to build a new courthouse in Jackson, Mississippi with a total area of
410,000 ft2 . Since then, 2D software was used to design and document all phases of
construction while GSA required its staff to switch from 2D to a 3D approach (Robert L.
R., 2011).

BIM has a lot of software including Autodesk, Benthley, Allplan, Lumion, Archicad
and so on. Arschicad is one of the BIN software that is widely used in the field of
architectural design. Archicad is also used in various consulting agencies and
universities, including in the architecture department at the Islamic University of
Indonesia.
 II. Content
The use of BIM is very helpful in roles in the field of architecture. BIM facilitates
work in presentations to clients. Basically BIM is a digital platform for virtual building
development. Application in BIM modeling must contain all building information. This
information is used in terms of collaboration, prediction and decision making regarding
the design, construction, cost and maintenance of buildings [4]. One of the main goals
of BIM technology is to support all construction processes starting from the pre-
construction, design, construction and fabrication stages, to the research stage of the
entire building life cycle. BIM dimensions are classified into 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D and 7D,
each of these dimensions has its own specifications according to its designation. In 3D
BIM modeling, REVIT software from Autodesk can be used. Modeling for BIM 4D 4D
simulation is done by combining work schedules (MS-Project-windows) with 3D
modeling using the Naviswork-Autodesk program.
Many other benefits include:
1. BIM has 3-dimensional visuals making it easier to understand the drawing
plans to be built.
This case occurs when the contractor or designer wants to present to the client.
Visual 3 dimensions can make it easier for the client to visually describe.
2. The use of BIM will make it easier to calculate the volume of work quickly
and accurately.In some BIM software designed to make it easier for the
designer who wants to make buildings and several formats which include size,
area and so on are listed in the BIM software
3. BIM will provide cost information or RAB on each component of the work
so that we can predict the estimated cost of one component of the work.
The BIM software also provides calculations of RAB or Building Budget Plans.
4. BIM is capable of displaying 3-dimensional images on complex work such
as steelwork on bridge structures, and so on. In making the building requires
3-dimensional visuals in order to know the picture that will be realized.
5. The use of BIM is not just for displaying animated images of buildings, but
more for managing project information quickly and accurately.In BIM you
can also manage information related to the project to be built.
6. The use of BIM at the beginning of the work is used asclash detection. We
can find out if this 2D plan drawing will be applied in the field if there is a clash or
not, especially between the Structural, architectural, and MEP drawings. not only
3-dimensional images but in the spelling it is connected with 2-dimensional
images as well to make it easier to arrange the building to be built.
7. Another benefit of using BIM is easy coordination between contractors and
owners / consultants anywhere and anytime. BIM will be uploaded on a cloud
computer service that can be accessed by the owner. The owner will check the
image through the cloud computer service and provide marking if something is
wrong.
 The examples above are some of the benefits and goals of BIM. these points are
the benefits of using Building Information Design as a breakthrough in technological
innovation in architectural diagrams today.However, BIM is not always superior. One of
the drawbacks is in terms of costs because it uses software (software) that must be
purchased from manufacturers from other countries. In addition, BIM applications that
must use servers and are cloud-based also require substantial funds because they have
to pay server rental fees.

"On the one hand BIM can reduce printing costs, image production costs,
revisions in the field, but there is a cost in using software. Cloud is for rent," said lecturer
at the Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia,
Mikhael Johanes, when met by Kompas.com in Jakarta, Saturday (30/3/2019).
However, he did not mention the cost of using the software and renting the cloud-based
server. However, seen as a whole, if BIM is implemented properly and effectively, the
financing of a building project will be more economical, especially for large-scale
projects. "But if the running is correct, it will definitely be more efficient because revision
costs are not cheap in big projects. What is certain is that drafting costs are reduced,
there is a drawing process that is replaced by modeling. The cost for communication
using images is also reduced because the model is via the internet," said Mikhael. He
added, there is one thing that is no less important and must be considered if you want to
use BIM in a project, namely human resource training. This means that all construction
workers involved in the project, for example architects, civil engineering personnel, and
workers in the field, must have sufficient knowledge to practice BIM in their respective
parts of the work. Thus, BIM can really be used and applied properly so that the
effectiveness and efficiency of the development of a construction project can be
maximized. "The calculation is not simple. Not to mention the matter of adaptation, there
must be training. At first it will be hard, but overall it will be more effective and efficient,”
he concluded.

Level BIM

To create BIM for a project, a team consisting of BIM Engineers and BIM Modelers is
needed. the ability to create BIM is classified into several levels or levels.

● BIM level 0, this stage is quite capable of making 2D drawings and without
collaboration like drawings from autocad
● BIM level 1, BIM users are able to model images in 3 dimensions, but only
for visualization, such as using Google Sketchup, 3ds Max and so on.
 ● BIM level 2, BIM users model 3-dimensional images accompanied by
volume, schedule and cost calculations. At this level, BIM can already be
used for collaboration between disciplines.
● BIM level 3, At this stage BIM users can already coordinate with other
parties through cloud-based integrated services. besides that, BIM can
already be used as a Project Manager in collaboration with various parties.

BIM (Building Information Modeling) can be used as a venue for technological

innovation in the field of construction for the future.

Some of the BIM software that is often used in consulting work is very diverse.
The following is the software and functions contained therein:

● Revit Software

Revit is a well-known BIM construction software that aims to solve various

engineering and design problems. It was developed by Autodesk and is one of
the most popular solutions in the industry. Many different experts can benefit
from Revit's feature list, including architects, designers, MEP (mechanical,
electrical, and plumbing) technicians, contractors, and many more. The software
itself offers a smart approach to different stages of the construction process
through models. This software is exclusive to Microsoft Windows, and can
significantly reduce the problem of miscommunication by managing different
parts of the process in the same system. This same system also increases the
overall coordination effort, and you can even simulate different designs for your
project with it. Since Revit is considered a 4D BIM – it can also track the entire
lifecycle of a given construction project, from first concept to routine maintenance
and/or demolition.

● ArchiCAD

ArchiCAD is a 3D BIM software with design and modeling as its main goal.
Graphisoft developed it, and it works with MS Windows and Mac desktop
systems. ArchiCAD is very popular in the fields of urban planning, design and
architecture because it successfully improves the entire workflow for these
professions. All of ArchiCAD's features are designed to be useful for design
purposes, including its aesthetic and engineering parts. ArchiCAD is also
considered one of the first BIM implementations, and can work with both 3D and
2D geometries if needed. Various visualization and BIM functions make
ArchiCAD useful for any construction or architectural company, and this is why
 ArchiCAD is considered one of the most beginner-friendly examples of BIM
software on the market.

● SketchUp

SketchUp is an easy-to-use modeling tool that allows users to transform ordinary

lines and shapes into various 3D shapes. There's no need to do everything from
scratch thanks to the built-in collection of 3D models.

There are various tools that can be included in SketchUp. The usual free 3D
modeling tools can be accessed from a web browser. The more comprehensive
Pro solutions have their own desktop clients and can offer more versatile options
for your 3D projects. And, finally, SketchUp Studio offers you to analyze various
parameters of your models and creations in real life before they are created.

● BIMx

BIMx is a multi-platform solution that allows users to display BIM models in 3D

and 2D, reducing the distance between the design table and the actual
construction site. The list of supported platforms is as follows: MS Windows,
Mac, Android and iOS.

At the root of this software is the concept of Hyper modeling which allows you to
quickly convert 3D models into sheet form. There are three main apps included:
mobile viewer, desktop viewer and publisher. At the same time, the 3D model
itself is presented in an interactive approach, making the whole interaction more
user-friendly.

● Naviswork

Navisworks is another BIM solution created by Autodesk. The main difference

between Navisworks and Revit is that Navisworks is more of a project review
solution for AEC (architecture, engineering and construction) professionals. Like
Revit, it is also capable of working with MS Windows, and can also work with
other Autodesk 3D solutions to open and combine their models, review and
navigate through them with almost no hassle.
 III. Conclusion
Some of the software above is an example of BIM (Building Information Design).
Various types of software must have advantages and disadvantages depending on the
user can maximize performance in the software.

Based on the above literacy, it can be concluded that the use of BIM in construction
projects in calculating project cost estimates has several advantages and
disadvantages. The advantages of BIM modeling for cost estimation calculations can
save time, minimize calculation errors, duplication, disruption and the data input into the
BIM software can be updated. Calculation accuracy compared to conventional
calculations is also better. However, in inputting data information for calculating
estimated costs in BIM modeling, quality is needed in the modeling because it is related
to data information that is interrelated and complex. So that additional software is
needed to detect clashes in errors in BIM modeling. In addition, the use of BIM
modeling requires user knowledge and skills in inputting more detailed and thorough
data information. BIM modeling in its use for cost estimation analysis requires additional
software in its use. For this reason, skills are needed in using other software in the
modeling process with the BIM. The use of BIM modeling requires further analysis
regarding suitability in the standard measurement method (Standard Measurement
Method) that applies in Indonesia. Because based on some literature there are
differences in measurement standards obtained from each user country. In addition,
there is a need for a study in the calculation as a comparison using conventional cost
estimates against the use of BIM modeling.

The developments that have occurred have had an impact on technological

developments in architecture, namely Building Information Design as above. Some of
the deficiencies that are still found in many BIM software can be resolved later because
the times are constantly evolving and new technologies will emerge as a result of
evaluating previous technologies and this is beneficial for the scope of the role of
architecture in building and designing a dwelling and building.

References :

https://www.builder.id/software-bim-terbaik/
 https://dinaspupr.bandaacehkota.go.id/2020/07/29/pengertian-bim-building-information-modelling/
#:~:text=Untuk%20software%20BIM%20yang%20biasa,%2C%20Allplan%2C%20Lumion%20dan
%20sebagainya.&text=Untuk%20membuat%20BIM%20pada%20suatu,BIM%20Engineer%20dan
%20BIM%20Modeler.

https://www.kompasiana.com/fajrirahim/5d9694c1097f365fc75fff42/perkembangan-teknologi-dalam-
bidang-arsitektur

http://ptb.sipil.ft.unp.ac.id/apa-itu-bim-building-information-modelling/