Indice Pages

INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................2

DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORK.................................................................................3

Transparency.....................................................................................................................3

Good Governance..............................................................................................................3

The Concept of Good Governance....................................................................................4

In international affairs (IR)................................................................................................5

In corporate sectors............................................................................................................5

In national governments....................................................................................................6

In local governments.........................................................................................................6

Characteristics of Good Governance.................................................................................6

Main Aspects Lived Between the Years 2009-2014.........................................................8

CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................9

REFERENCES AND BOIGRAPHY..............................................................................10

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INTRODUCTION
The present field work is the product of one reflection made about the litelature
consulted.In this appropriate field work I shall speak about transparency and good
government in Mozambique since 2009-2014.

Speaking about the transparency, citizens should understand and have access to the
means and manner in which decisions are made. Transparency as used in science,
engineering, business, the humanities and in other social contexts is operating in such a
way that it is easy for others to see what actions are performed. Transparency implies
openness, communication, and accountability.

Transparency is practiced Mozambique in companies, organizations, administrations,

and communities. For exemple national assembly of mozamboque when the parliament
is discussing about the national budget in a country and that program is broadcasted live
through media for the people to watch it shows transparency are made especially if they
are directly affected by such decisions.

The right and the means to examine the process of decision making is known as
transparency. In politics, transparency is used as a means of holding public officials
accountable and fighting corruption. When a government's meetings are open to the
press and the public, its budgets may be reviewed by anyone, and its laws and decisions
are open to discussion.

When military authorities classify their plans as secret, transparency is absent. This can
be seen as positive or negative; positive because it can increase national security,
negative because it can lead to corruption and a military dictatorship.

While a liberal democracy is being conducted where decisions are made behind locked
doors and the people have fewer possibilities to influence politics between the elections
while a participative democracy is more closely connected to the will of the people.
Participative democracy, built on transparency and participation has been used
officially.

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORK

Transparency
The term transparency has a very different meaning in information security where it is
used to describe security mechanisms that are intentionally in-detectable or hidden from
view. Examples include hiding utilities and tools which the user does not need to know
in order to do their job, like keeping the remote reauthentication operations of
Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol hidden from the user.

Good Governance
Good Governance is committed a system founded in justice and peace that protects
individual’s human rights and civil liberties.

1. Participation

Participation requires that all groups in the country particularly those most vulnerable,
have direct or representative access to the systems of government.

2. Rule Of Law

Rule of Law is exemplified by impartial legal systems that protect the human rights and
civil liberties of all citizens, particularly minorities.

3. Transparency

Transparency means that citizens understand and have access to means and manner in
which decisions are made, especially if they are directly affected by such decisions.

4. Responsiveness

Responsiveness simply involves that institutions of Mozambican government respond to

their stakeholders such as the people of Mozambique within a reasonable time frame by
providing social services such as schools, hospitals.

5. Consensus Oriented

Consensus Oriented is demonstrated by an agenda that seeks to mediate between the

many different needs, perspectives, and expectations of a diverse citizenry.

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 6. Equity And Inclusiveness

Equity and Inclusiveness depends on ensuring that all the members of a community feel
included and empowered to improve or maintain their well being especially those
individuals and groups that are the most vulnerable.

7. Effectiveness And Efficiency

Effectiveness and Efficiency is developed effectively by the presidente Mr. Fillipe

Jacinto Nyusi through the sustainable use of resources to meet the needs of a
Mozambican society. Sustainability refers to both ensuring social investments carry
through and natural resources are well maintained for future generations in
Mozambique.

8. Accountability

Accountability refers to institutions of the government in Mozambique such as the

parliament being ultimately accountable to the people and one another.

The Concept of Good Governance

Good governance is a term that describes how public institutions conduct public affairs
and manage public resources in the preferred way. Governance is the process of
decision-making and the process by which decisions are put in actions.

Governance can apply to corporate, international, national, local governance of society.

Good governance emerges as a model to compare ineffective economies or political
bodies with viable economies and political bodies. The concept centers on the
responsibility of governments and governing bodies to meet the needs of the masses as
opposed to select groups in society. Aid organizations and the authorities of developed
countries often will focus the meaning of good governance to a set of requirements that
conform to the organization's agenda, making good governance imply many different
things in many different ways.

In terms of economic growth, there are several authors relating that variable with good
governance, but in the sense of “being related to” instead of “being part of”.

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Grindle (2007) mentions there are many relations to be found between indicators of
good governance and economic growth; however those associations are difficult to
measure and even harder to be attributed as causal.

She mentions the work of Kauffman (2002), who found a causal and positive
relationship between different dimensions of good governance and the GDP per capita
in the long run which good governance makes development possible.

These dimensions are how the government is elected and oversighted, the
accountability, power of citizens, the credibility in the government, the respect for
institutions, both from government and citizens, and the effective delivery of public
goods. He found that the relation between these two variables do not hold in the reverse
direction, meaning that higher levels of economic growth do not lead to better
governance. For example, Quain (2003) points out that China and Vietnam are frequent
examples of countries that have made remarkable leaps in economic development and
poverty reduction, but nevertheless retain many characteristics of poor governance.

In international affairs (IR)

In international affairs, analysis of good governance can look at any of the following
relationships between governments and markets between governments and citizens
between governments and the private or voluntary sector between elected officials and
appointed officials between government and Civil Society Organisations (CSOs). The
varying types of comparisons comprising the analysis of governance in scholastic and
practical discussion can cause the meaning of "good governance" to vary greatly from
practitioner to practitioner.

In corporate affairs, good governance can be observed in any of the following

relationships:

Between governance and corporate management between governance and employee

standards

In corporate sectors
Between governance and corruption in the workplace, the meaning of good governance
in regards to corporate sectors varies between actors. Legislation has been enacted in an

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attempt to influence good governance in corporate affairs. In the United States, the
Sarbanes– Oxley Act of 2002 set up requirements for businesses to follow.
Whistleblowing has also been widely used by corporations to expose corruption and
fraudulent activity.

In national governments
Good governance in the context of countries is a broad term, and in that regards, it is
difficult to find a unique definition. Fukuyama (2013), there is two dimensions to
qualify governance as good or bad: the capacity of the state and the bureaucracy's
autonomy.

They both complement, in the sense that when the state is more capable, for instance
through the collection of taxes, there should be more autonomy because the bureaucrats
are able to conduct things well without being instructed with a lot of details. In less
capable states, however, less discretion and more rules setting are desirable.

Another way to think about good governance is through outcomes. Since governments
carry out with goals like the provision of public goods to its citizens, there is no better
way to think about good governance other than through deliverables, which are
precisely the one demanded by citizens, like security, health, education, water, the
enforcement of contracts, protection to property, protection to the environment and their
ability to vote and get paid fair wages.

Similarly, good governance might be approximated with provision of public services in

an efficient manner, higher participation given to certain groups in the population like
the poor and the minorities, the guarantee that citizens have the opportunity of checks
and balances on the government, the establishment and enforcement of norms for the
protection of the citizens and their property and the existence of independent judiciary
systems.

In local governments
Good governance is argued to be the most important in local governments. It tries to
promote more relationships between government and Empowered citizens
Neighborhood councils, Community councils.

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Good governance with local government aims to increase civil engagement with more
members of the community in order to get the best options that serves the people.

Characteristics of Good Governance

Eight Elements of Good Governance. Good governance has 8 major characteristics. It is
participatory, consensus oriented, accountable, transparent, responsive, effective and
efficient, equitable and inclusive, and follows the rule of law. Good governance is
responsive to the present and future needs of the organization, exercises prudence in
policy-setting and decision-making, and that the best interests of all stakeholders are
taken into account.

1. Rule of Law; Good governance requires fair legal frameworks that are enforced
by an impartial regulatory body, for the full protection of stakeholders.
2. Transparency ;Transparency means that information should be provided in
easily understandable forms and media; that it should be freely available and
directly accessible to those who will be affected by governance policies and
practices, as well as the outcomes resulting there from; and that any decisions
taken and their enforcement are in compliance with established rules and
regulations.
3. Responsiveness; Good governance requires that organizations and their
processes are designed to serve the best interests of stakeholders within a
reasonable timeframe.
4. Consensus Oriented Good governance requires consultation to understand the
different interests of stakeholders in order to reach a broad consensus of what is
in the best interest of the entire stakeholder group and how this can be achieved
in a sustainable and prudent manner.
5. Equity and Inclusiveness The organization that provides the opportunity for its
stakeholders to maintain, enhance, or generally improve their well-being
provides the most compelling message regarding its reason for existence and
value to society.
6. Effectiveness and Efficiency Good governance means that the processes
implemented by the organization to produce favorable results meet the needs of
its stakeholders, while making the best use of resources human, technological,
financial, natural and environmental at its disposal.

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 7. Accountability; Accountability is a key tenet of good governance. Who is
accountable for what should be documented in policy statements. In general, an
organization is accountable to those who will be affected by its decisions or
actions as well as the applicable rules of law.
8. Participation; Participation by both men and women, either directly or
through legitimate representatives, is a key cornerstone of good governance.
Participation needs to be informed and organized, including freedom of
expression and assiduous concern for the best interests of the organization and
society in general.

Towards Improved Governance: Good governance is an ideal which is difficult to

achieve in its totality. Governance typically involves well intentioned people who bring
their ideas, experiences, preferences and other human strengths and shortcomings to the
policy-making table.

Good governance is achieved through an on-going discourse that attempts to capture all
of the considerations involved in assuring that stakeholder interests are addressed and
reflected in policy initiatives.

Main Aspects Lived Between the Years 2009-2014

The main aspects which occured in Mozambique between the years 2009 to 2014 in
social,political,economical issues in transparency and good government are as follows;

Expansion of the extractive sector has driven economic growth in these years; however
it is being hit hard by the fall in gas and coal prices. In addition to natural gas and coal,
Mozambique has world-class reserves of base metals and gemstones between 2009-
2014.

Petroleum companies and the government are negotiating building minings plant in
northern Mozambique. In the mining sector, there has been a downturn in t years
2009-2014. The distribution of benefits from the sector and ensuring that the state’s
participation in the sector is managed in a transparent and accountable manner are
amongst the debates to which the good governance can contribute.

The legal framework for the petroleum and mining sectors was revised in 2014. The
new legislation strengthens state participation in the hydrocarbon sector and creates

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opportunities for increased Mozambican participation.
Foreign investors are required to be registered in a transparent jurisdiction where
ownership can be confirmed but the government does not maintain a public register of
beneficial owners. The 2014 government Report included partial information on
beneficial ownership.

Mozambique’s 2013-14 the govenment Report requested beneficial ownership from

reporting companies, and most companies provided information about legal ownership.
Many of the companies in the oil and gas sector are publicly listed. A key challenge will
be to cover the mining sector, including details on companies with exploration licenses,
small scale mining license holders and companies that bid for licenses.

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CONCLUSION
Despite strong economic growth, many Mozambicans report feeling left behind in the
country’s development. Poor governance is at the root of many citizens' frustrations;
civil service capacity is low and perception of official corruption is high.Government of
Mozambique has worked to increase transparency and accountability in local
governments to improve their capacity to deliver quality public services to all
Mozambicans.For exemple MR President Filipe Jacinto Nyusi supports capacity
building for civil society, the media and the judicial system.Governance and Rule of
Law Increasing government transparency and reducing corruption are priorities that cut
across all government  activities. The anti-corruption program improves the criminal
justice system at the local and national level. Through this program, Government of
Mozambique helps train prosecutors in the Attorney General’s office to improve their
case management and investigation skills in fighting corruption in Mozambique.

Strong management of elections processes and low absenteeism rates can improve the
legitimacy of elected governments and strethen the confidence of citizens in their
democracy. Support for increased political space and democratic competition can
strengthen institutions and faith in government. Government of Mozambique
continue to strengthen the fairness of the elections process and increase the level of
peaceful political competition in Mozambique to support a more representative political
process.

Supporting a revision of the elections process is important to establishing an effective

electoral foundation for future municipal and national elections. National elections work
is also complemented by civil society programs that support increased debate and
discussion and improve citizens’ knowledge of political processes.

Civil Society and Media such as Television of Mozambiques’ top priorities is to

encourage greater public debate and participation by the public to more effectively
express their interests.

The government of Mozambique help Mozambiqucans at large and civil society to

develop a stronger voice, increase demand for accountability, and provide information
about and oversight over government activities.

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REFERENCES AND BOIGRAPHY
1. UNESCAP, (2009). What is Good Governance? Accessed
2. Grindle, Merilee (October 2004). "Good Enough Governance: Poverty
Reduction and Reform in Developing Countries". Governance.
3. Grindle, Merilee (2007). "Good Enough Governance Revisited". Development
Policy Review.
4. Kaufmann, Daniel; Kraay, Aart (November 2002). "Growth Without
Governance". Policy
5. Research Working Paper, the World Bank, World Bank Institute and
Development Research Group
6. "Good Governance Means Performance and Results". Governance.

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