Name (s):

1. NUR AINI SHUHADA BINTI AZHAR

2. LOHASHRI PALRAJ
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1. AM1909006248
2. AM1909006140
Lecturer: Lab. Group/Tutorial Group/Tutor (If applicable):
MADAM SITI MUNIRAH BINTI MOHD ALI

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ENGLISH LANGUAGE EVOLUTION AND CHANGE 21/10/ 2019
(LNG3123)

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A STUDY ON THE ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION STRATEGIES USED TO TRANSLATE
DISNEY SONGS INTO MALAY LANGUAGE

Prepared by
Lohashri Palraj AM1909006140
Nur Aini Shuhada Binti Azhar AM1909006248

Prepared for
Madam Siti Munirah binti Mohd Ali

Kolej Univerisiti Poly-Tech Mara,Kuala Lumpur

Faculty of Education, Humanities and Arts

October 2020
 Abstract
This research was carried out to determine the strategies of translations used in the process of
translating Disney songs into the Malay language. This research is based on qualitative method
which was conducted through proper reading and findings from literary and library works. A total
of three popular soundtracks from three different children’s movies were chosen under the Walt
Disney Production. The soundtracks were thoroughly identified and analyzed in regards of the
translation strategies used. The overall finding of the study indicates the multiple uses of
strategies used in the songs during the process of translating the original Disney tracks to the
Malay language. To conclude, several suggestions have been made for future research to
increase their knowledge in Audio Visual Translation (AVT) and the usage of proper translation
strategies and vocabulary that suits the children. The recommendations are included in the final
part of the report.

i
 Acknowledgement
The process of conducting this library research has been quite challenging. However, most of
the part been has been equally exciting and knowledge were gathered through this research.
Much thanks to all those great people who have helped in completing this research. First of all
we would like to express our gratitude to Madam Siti Munirah for her guidance and advice in the
process of preparing this research report. It has meant lot to us for always being supportive and
available for questions and consultations through this entire process. We are also grateful to our
family for being equally supportive. Special thanks to Dr Nor Salita Binti Ali for both guiding and
motivating us regarding this research.

ii
Table of content
No. Title Page Number
Abstract i
Acknowledgement ii
Table of content iii
List of table iv
1.0 Introduction 1-2
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Significance of the study
1.3 Purpose of the study
1.4 Scope of study
1.5 Objective of Study
1.6 Research Questions

2.0 Literature Review 3-6

2.1 Definition of Translation
2.2 Translation Strategies
2.3 Skopos Theory
2.4 .Audiovisual Translation
2.5 Disney songs in Translation

3.0 Research Methodology 7

4.0 Analysis 7-14

4.1 Let It Go – Frozen Movie
4.2 Speechless- Aladdin Movie
4.3 How Far I’ll Go – Moana Movie

5.0 Findings 15-24

5.1 Frozen – Let It Go
5.2 Aladdin – Speechless
5.3 Moana – How Far I’ll Go

6.0 Recommendation 25
7.0 Conclusion 26
8 Bibliography 27

iii
List of table

Table Content Page

4.1.1 Analysis of Lyric of the song taken from “Frozen” movie 10

4.2.1 Analysis of lyric of the song taken from “Aladdin” movie 13

4.3.1 Analysis of Lyric of the song taken from ‘Moana’ movie 15

5.1.1 Source Language (SL) and Targeted Language (TL) of 18

‘Let It Go’ Song

5.2.1 Source Language (SL) and Targeted Language (TL) of 22

‘Speechless’ Song

5.3.1 Source Language (SL) and Targeted Language (TL) of 24

‘How Far I’ll Go’ Song

iv
1.0 Introduction
This chapter presents the overall introduction of the study. It emphasizes on the scope of
study which is divided into few main points such as the background of study, significance
of the study, purpose of the study, scope of the study, objectives of the study, research
questions and the method of research. The researcher decided to conduct a research
based on “the analysis of translation strategies used to translate Disney songs into the
Malay language.”

1.1 Background of the study

Walt Disney is a company that produces countless movies that focuses on children
around the world as their main audience. The movies that are produced from this particular
company are typically translated to various languages because in this era, translating
movies and songs from one language to another has become a trend. On this research, the
researchers have chosen the topic that emphasizes more on the translation strategies used
in translating the songs originally taken from Walt Disney movies. The translation strategies
that were used must be simple and easy for children to comprehend as their vocabulary has
yet to be developed and with that, the translated version would be able to enhance their
vocabulary even further. The researchers conducted this research by using the songs that
were taken from Frozen I (2013) ‘Let it Go’, Aladdin (2019) ‘Speechless’ and Moana (2016)
‘How Far I’ll Go’. There are various strategies used in translating one particular song and
generally the main purpose of it is to bring the meaning of the original text and the translated
text to the nearest context possible.

1.2 Significance of the study

The research conducted on the translation strategies used to translate the original
Disney songs into Malay is important for the tertiary education students. Students are taught
on the brief meaning of translation strategies used in signage or certain texts but not how it
is implied in movies or songs. This research helps the students to understand and be able to
differentiate and know the translation strategies Malaysian translators use to translate
Disney original movies into Malay language. Besides tertiary education students could apply
the translation strategies used in this research to conduct future translation processes in
media and research.

1
1.3 Purpose of the study
The purpose of this study is to analyze the translation strategies used to
translate Disney songs into Malay language. Walt Disney is a well-known company that
produced numerous children centered movies and it was all in English Language. However,
given that the movies are catered for the children all over the world, the songs used in Walt
Disney are often translated into the first language of the country that the movies were
screened at with the intention of letting the children who watch the movies to comprehend
the meaning of the songs better.

1.4 Scope of study

This study was conducted to identify and analyze the number of translation strategies
used to translate the songs from English to Malay Language. The songs that were selected
by the researchers from the movies that Walt Disney had released are ‘Let it Go’ taken from
the ‘Frozen’ movie, ‘Speechless’ that were taken from ‘Aladdin’ movie and ‘How Far I’ll Go’
taken from the movie called ‘Moana’.

1.5 Objective of the study

In line with the statement of problem, the objectives of the study can be summed up
as follows:
I. To identify the translating strategies used to translate the original Disney songs to
Malay language.
II. To analyze the translating strategies used in translating the Disney songs.

1.6 Research Questions:

I. What is the translation strategies used in The Original Disney songs selected by the
researchers?
II. How many translation strategies used in The Original Disney songs selected by the
researchers?

2
2.0 Literature Review
2.1 Definition of Translation
We use symbols, gestures and words to communicate with our surroundings. In
order to deliver our message and make sure the listener understands, a common language
is needed. When there isn’t, translation is needed. Translation has gained popularity globally
due to the increased communication levels. Translations are implied in books, articles and
magazines. “To bring or carry across” is a Latin term that gives out a whole new meaning to
the word translation. Translation is the interaction bridge of the context of source-language
to the targeted language. Movies and song translation is a growing paradigm as well.
Translating movies is challenging since there are several unusual translations. Translating
songs has become a new dimension for translators and it is difficult to interpret due to the
complex structures such context, rhythm and rhyme. By translating songs, translators would
have to rewrite the whole lyrics. The translation may be similar or different from the original
lyrics but most of the time; translators retain the semantic of the original lyrics while
translating. The translated songs we hear here are often translated or adapted from the
original context then replaced with a word close to the original meaning which makes it a
new meaning. (Tekin B.M & Isisag K.U, 2017). The process of translating songs to a
different language is well known as an adaptation or substitution of texts.

2.2 Translation Strategies

The goal of translation is to transcribe different forms of texts, religious scripts,
literacy, scientific purposes and scholar articles in order to make them accessible for
everyone. With the use of translation it would be easier to learn a second language.
Language varies from one to another. It expresses or analyses a situation differently.
Languages have their own system of communication to be categorized. A translation
process gets tougher when there is a huge difference or gap between both. The message
may vary according to the translation made. Among the factors that make the process tough
are meaning, style, proverbs, idioms, etc. (Ordudari,O., 2010)
According to Newmark (1998), the process of translation is related to the source and
used to translate sentences, full documents, conversations and smaller units of a language.
Here are the translation strategies that are applied during the translation process:
(a) Word-for-word translation :
Is when the word sequence in source language is maintained. The meaning of the
original text is preserved.
(b) Literal translation

3
 In which the grammar structure of the source language is changed to the equivalent
target language version but the lexical terms are interpreted separately out of the
context.
(c) Faithful translation
A balance of syntactic structures is maintained when translating the source language.
(d) Semantic translation
The process of using semantic skills to translate a source text to targeted text.
(e) Adaptation translation
It is the easiest form of translation strategies. It is mostly used to translate theatrical
performance or poetry in which the themes, characters, and plots of the source are
maintained. The source language is translated to the target language by rewriting the
whole.
(f) Free translation
Target language is translated without implementing the original style, type or content
from the source language.
(g) Idiomatic translation
The meaning or the message of the idioms is repeated but appears to misinterpret
complexities of the context by choosing colloquialisms and idioms where the original
does not function.
(h) Communicative translation
It aims to make the original context in terms of vocab to make sure the readers
understand and speak it easily.

A Jaaskelainen (2005) state, translation includes techniques of the fundamental

tasks of selecting the Source language and creating a system for interpreting it. She believes
that process-related techniques are a series of laws or concepts that are used by a translator
to accomplish the objectives. Therefore, she divides it into two types known: global
strategies and local strategies. Global strategies analyze the general concepts and modes of
operation. In accordance with the problem-solving and decision-making of the translator,
local and central methods relate to particulate events.
A gradient exists in the process of translation between “semantic” and
“communicative”. Every translation process varies. Some are more semantic wise,
communicative and even a basic segment or word can be handled more or less semantically
(Newmark, 1991). Whereas, Zhongying(1994), states that the process contains similar
influence unlike what Newmark(1991) stated. Zhongying favors literal translation to free
translation. In China, translators agree that translations should be free translation if possible.

4
2.3 Skopos Theory
A German Linguist named Hans Vermeer invented the Skopos Theory in 1978 which
contains the principle of translation and interpretation that helps with the process of changing
the source text to the target text. The word Skopos is derived from a Greek word which
means “purpose”. Skopos theory determines the method of translating the purpose (skopos)
of the translation act. The notion of the intentionality is part of the behavior description itself.
Vermeer says that the process and techniques used to translate is decided by the planned
intent of the target text. (B.M.Tekin & K.U. Issisag, 2017)
Skopos theory emphasizes the aim or goal of translating (Drevvatne K., 2018).
Skopos philosophy maintains the potential function of translation is defined by the translator.
Translation is fundamental to the study of song translation and several researches supports
this theory. Therefore, this method provides more flexibility when translating a song.
According to the Skopos theory “one must actively and intentionally interpret”. In compliance
with a certain concept which respects the target text. Moreover, Reiss,K & Vermeer.H (2014)
states that both the source and the targeted text has the same role which is to deliver the
intended message in the text. However, the role has to be altered often because of the
skopos. Therefore, the source text and the target text Skopos can vary because they consist
of two separate social and linguistic contexts. Translated songs do not appear as much as
the original context. It is very difficult to rely entirely on the features of the source text.
Additionally, Skopos theory has been chosen as the basis for this analysis, since it focuses
on the target text. Lyricists may have multiple purposes and objectives when interpreting and
writing music. However, the intention is typically self-expression. Most of the time, translators
should concentrate on the readers of the target language rather than relying on the source
text. Since the targeted audiences are music-lovers, the translations should be
understandable and require simpler words than poetic words. (B.M.Tekin & K.U. Issisag,
2017).

2.4 Audiovisual Translation

This research will be focusing on the translated songs from audiovisual productions.
The Skopos method in the audiovisual productions has its equal share of importance in this
research. It is important to focus on the audience during the translation process. For
instance, we translate or interpret songs and subtitles accordingly for the Norwegian
audiences. Since Disney movies are popular among children, it is expected to consider all
the viewers (Norwegian audience in this case) by the translators while translating. Since
these songs are intended for children’s and children’s films, it is known that the translators
care and adjust the vocabulary in songs to suit the children. Subtitling and dubbing act as an
important instructional arena in films. Therefore, the vocabulary shouldn’t be complexed

5
considering this as a children’s movie but at the same time, it should deliver the context
properly and be entertaining despite the translation and vocabulary used. (Drevvatne. K. ,
2018)

2.5 Disney songs in Translation

Auditory plays a significant role when dubbing animated films for children because
the communications of the various signifying codes are used at its fullest in this kind of
movies. Particularly through languages, popular and musical puns. Music plays an important
role in animated films. Besides films, musical themes are applied in comedy shows like most
Disney’s Originals and theatre style productions. Also, animation is developed through
temporary score recordings which contain music and songs. Sound effects are added in
films to create better visual presentation for the viewers. Viewers are used to the musical
codes and its ability to convey feelings. However, it would be odd to see an animated film
without music of any sort. (Lozano Reyes, 2017).
Ever Since the launch and success of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs in 937,
Walt Disney’s films have been adored and loved worldwide. The Corporation has gained a
huge fan base by producing most of the famous and best soundtracks in history. Their songs
have been dubbed into many languages around the world as well. That being said, studies
show translation and songs come together in diverse genres of cultures. This makes it an
important area to study. Audiovisual translation (AVT) is used for subtitling or dubbing
purposes. Translators face numerous restrictions during the process. Since songs are often
used in the plots of musical films, translators ought to keep grammatical information in these
types of AVT. They make sure the songs are synced and logical. In order to analyze the
flaws of song translation, several scholars have discovered a few approaches to translating
songs (Drevvatne K., 2018).
This research aims to find out the translation strategies used in Disney songs such
as Aladdin, Frozen I and Moana into the Malay version. All three movies are animated
musical themed movies which were both filmed and produced by the Walt Disney Pictures.
As for Aladdin (2019), this research will focus on the song “Speechless” which is translated
to “Raungan Suara” in Malay. In Frozen I(2013), the song “Let it Go” translated to
“Bebaskan” in Malay and Moana (2016) which is translated to “Bawaku Berkelana” in Malay.
The songs will be analyzed and identified the strategies used in translating by the
translators.

6
3.0 Research Methodology
This study is conducted through library research. The researcher referred to various
articles that are related to the title. The domain references were from Drevvatne,K (2018),
Audiovisual translation of Disney Songs Into Norweign: Analysis of singability, sense,
naturalness, rhythm and rhyme, Jaaskelainen, R., (2005). Translation studies: what are
they?, Lozano Reyes (2017). Bringing All The Senses Into Play: The Dubbing Of Animated
Films For Children, Newmark, P. (1991). About Translation: Multilingual Matters, Newmark,
P. (1988). Approaches to Translation, Newmark, P. (1988). A Textbook of Translation,
Ordudari,M. (2010). Translation Procedures, Strategies and Methods, Tekin B.M & Isisag
K.U (2017). A Comparative Analysis Of Translation Strategies in The Turkish Translation of
Songs In Walt Disney’s Animated Musical Movies: “Hercules” and “Frozen” and Zhongying,
F. (1994). An applied theory of translation. The researcher paraphrased and justified the
contents in a way that is comprehensible through findings of studies.

4.0 Analysis
This section discusses the analysis of the lyrics and the number of translations used
in translating the songs chosen by the researchers. The first song was taken from the
‘Frozen’ movie with the title of ‘Let It Go’ sung by Idina Menzel, the translated version was
titled as ‘Bebaskan’ sung by Marsha Milan Londoh. The second song selected by the
researchers was taken from the ‘Aladdin’ movie titled ‘Speechless’ sung by Naomi Scott, the
translated version was sung by Shila Amzah and the title of the translated version is
‘Raungan Suara’. The third song was taken from the ‘Moana’ movie with the title of ‘How Far
I’ll Go’ sung by Auli’i Cravalho and the translated version was titled as ‘Bawaku Berkelana’
sung by Ayda Jebat.

7
4.1 Let it Go - Frozen Movie

Let It Go by Idina Menzel Bebaskan by Marsha Milan Londoh

The snow glows white on the mountain tonight Salju putih menutupi malam

Not a footprint to be seen Tiada jejak terlihat

A kingdom of isolation Kerajaan yang terasing

And it looks like I'm the queen dan akulah ratunya

The wind is howling like this swirling storm inside Hembusan bayu bak gelora jiwaku

Couldn't keep it in, heaven knows I've tried Puasku cuba tuk memendamnya

Don't let them in, don't let them see Jangan sampai mereka tahu

Be the good girl you always have to be Harus jadi yang diharapkan

Conceal, don't feel, don't let them know Lindungi lah yang sebenar

Well, now they know Kini aku

Let it go, let it go Bebaskan bebaskan

Can't hold it back anymore Tak mampu bertahan lagi

Let it go, let it go Bebaskan bebaskan

Turn away and slam the door Kucuba sedayaku

I don't care what they're going to say Peduli apa yang dikata

Let the storm rage on Jiwaku beku

The cold never bothered me anyway Kedinginan tak pernah menggangguku

Let it go, let it go Kini dapatku lihat jelas dari kejauhan

Can't hold it back anymore Ketakutan terpendam

Let it go, let it go Telah dapat ku lepaskan

Turn away and slam the door Sedayanya aku cuba

Let it go (go, go, go go, go go, go go, go, go, go Mengguna segala kuasa
go)
Bebas megecap nikmatnya
Let it go
Ku bebas
Let it go

8
 Let it go Bebaskan bebaskan

It's funny how some distance makes everything Terbanglah susuri awan
seem small
Bebaskan bebaskan
And the fears that once controlled me can't get to
me at all Takkan aku berduka

It's time to see what I can do Di sini berdiri megah

To test the limits and break through Mula yang baru

No right, no wrong, no rules for me Kuasaku buat hidup bercelaru

I'm free Jiwaku bak salju yang sejuk juga membeku

Let it go, let it go Membentuk permata menjadi mahkota

I am one with the wind and sky Sejarahku kekal menjadi sejarah

Let it go, let it go Bebaskan bebaskan

You'll never see me cry Kubangkit didunia baru

Here I stand and here I stay Bebaskan bebaskan

Let the storm rage on Tidak seperti dulu

My power flurries through the air into the ground Di sini berdiri megah

My soul is spiraling in frozen fractals all around Mula yang baru

And one thought crystallizes like an icy blast Kedinginan tak pernah menggangguku

I'm never going back, the past is in the past

Let it go Source: Musixmatch

The cold never bothered me anyway Songwriters: Kristen Anderson-lopez / Robert J

Lopez
Let it go, let it go
Bebaskan lyrics © Walt Disney Music Company,
And I'll rise like the break of dawn Wonderland Music Company Inc., Wonderland
Music Company Inc
Let it go, let it go

That perfect girl is gone

Here I stand in the light of day

Let the storm rage on

9
 Source: LyricFind

Songwriters: Kristen Anderson-Lopez / Robert

Lopez

Let It Go lyrics © Universal Music Publishing

Group

Table 4.1.1 Analysis of Lyric of the song taken from ‘Frozen’ movie

Table 4.1.1 is the original lyric of the song titled “Let it Go” and the translated version
titled “Bebaskan” from the movie Frozen I. The movie was released in 2013 and was dubbed
into several other languages. As seen above the original english song (sung by Idina
Menzel) was translated to malay language (sung by Marsha Milan Londoh) and was given
the title “Bebaskan”. The translation strategies used in translating this particular song are
Word-to-Word Translation and Literal Translation that focuses on the Source Language text
and Free Translation that focus on Targeted Language text.

10
4.2 Speechless - Aladdin Movie

Speechless - Naomi Scott Raungan Suara - Shila Amzah

Terukir adat berkurun lama

Here comes a wave meant to wash me away
Berabad terpelihara
A tide that is taking me under
Diam saja menjadi boneka
Swallowing sand, left with nothing to say Ku tak mampu menderita

My voice drowned out in the thunder Kerna

Semangatku memanggil

But I won't cry Biarkan terlerai

Segala beban yang memendam

And I won't start to crumble
Raungan suara
Whenever they try
Gerah jiwa membara
To shut me or cut me down
Ku pertaruh segala

Dengarkan raungan suara

I won't be silenced Suara

You can't keep me quiet Bagai petir

Won't tremble when you try it Ku kan perjuangkan

Tak sanggup ku diamkan

All I know is I won't go speechless
Dengarkan raungan suara
'Cause I'll breathe
Takkan terkurung lagi
When they try to suffocate me
Ku takkan berdiam diri
Don't you underestimate me
Sayapku kan kutebar
'Cause I know that I won't go speechless Bawa jauh ke angkasa

Semangat membaraku

Written in stone Raung suara

Kan ku berdiri teguh

Every rule, every word
Sepenuh daya
Centuries old and unbending
Dengarkan raungan suara
"Stay in your place"
Suara
"Better seen and not heard"
Berdiri

11

But now that story is ending
'Cause I
I cannot start to crumble
Songwriters: Alan Menken / Benj Pasek / Justin Paul
So come on and try
Try to shut me and cut me down
Walau resah mengharungi
Ku tetap teguh berani
Dengarkan raungan suara
Dengarkan raungan suara
Suara
Source: Musixmatch
Raungan Suara (Bahagian 2) lyrics © Walt Disney
Music Company, Wonderland Music Company Inc.

I won't be silenced

You can't keep me quiet

Won't tremble when you try it

All I know is I won't go speechless, speechless

Let the storm in

I cannot be broken

No, I won't live unspoken

'Cause I know that I won't go speechless

Try to lock me in this cage

I won't just lay me down and die

I will take these broken wings

And watch me burn across the sky

Hear the echo saying:

I won't be silenced

Though you wanna see me tremble when you

try it

All I know is I won't go speechless, speechless

'Cause I'll breathe

12
 When they try to suffocate me

Don't you underestimate me

'Cause I know that I won't go speechless

All I know is I won't go speechless, speechless

Table 4.2.1 Analysis of Lyric of the song taken from ‘Aladdin’ movie

Table 4.2.1 is the original lyric of the song titled “Speechless” and the translated
version titled “Raungan Suara” from the movie Aladdin. The movie was released in 2019 and
as seen above the original english song (sung by Naomi Scott) was translated to Malay
language (sung by Shila Amzah) and was given the title “Raungan Suara”. The translation
strategies used in translating this particular song are Literal translation and Adaptation
Translation that focuses on both Source and Targeted Language text.

13
4.3 How Far I’ll Go - Moana Movie

How Far I’ll Go - Auli’i Cravalho Bawaku Berkelana - Ayda Jebat

I've been staring at the edge of the water Ku merenung seluas lautan

'Long as I can remember, never really Mengenang kehidupan

knowing why
Sepi dalam gelora
I wish I could be the perfect daughter
Andai masa dapat ku putarkan
But I come back to the water, no matter
how hard I try Menghuraikan persoalan

Every turn I take, every trail I track Namun apalah daya

Every path I make, every road leads back Jejak langkahku

To the place I know, where I can not go, Penuh berliku

where I long to be
Takdir hidupku
See the line where the sky meets the
sea? It calls me Saling menuju

And no one knows, how far it goes Destinasi laman larangan

Dalam ramalan
If the wind in my sail on the sea stays
behind me Lihatlah ufuk yang menyeru namaku
One day I'll know, if I go there's just no Lembayungnya mempersona
telling how far I'll go
Biarlah bayu membawaku meneroka
I know everybody on this island, seems so
happy on this island Berkelana melayari mimpi langit tak bertepi
Everything is by design Walau mereka berbahagia
I know everybody on this island has a role Nan ceria dipersada
on this island
Akur dengan aturan
So maybe I can roll with mine
Semua dipulau indah ini
I can lead with pride, I can make us strong
Menggalas aspirasi
I'll be satisfied if I play along
Menjadi azimat hati
But the voice inside sings a different song
Akan ku genggam menjadi azam
What is wrong with me?
Mendakap mercu serinya alam
See the light as it shines on the sea? It's
blinding Namun hatiku bagaikan lesu

But no one knows, how deep it goes Apa mahuku

And it seems like it's calling out to me, so Lihatlah langit yang membiru
come find me
Menyeru
And let me know, what's beyond that line,
will I cross that line? Memayungi gelisahku

The line where the sky meets the sea? It Sinarnya menerangi azam menyapaku
calls me

14
 And no one knows, how far it goes
If the wind in my sail on the sea stays
behind me
One day I'll know, how far I'll go
Source: LyricFind
Songwriters: Lin-Manuel Miranda
How Far I'll Go lyrics © Universal Music
Publishing Group
Menjelaskan perih hujungnya bagai permata
Lihatlah ufuk yang menyeru namaku
Lembayungnya mempersona
Biarlah bayu yang menderu membawaku
Mengembara
Berkelana
Source: LyricFind
Songwriters: Lin-Manuel Miranda / Mohd
Henzman Bin Kumpul

Bawaku Berkelana lyrics © Universal Music

Publishing Group

Table 4.3.1 Analysis of Lyric of the song taken from ‘Moana’ movie

Table 4.3.1 is the original lyric of the song titled “How Far I’ll Go” and the translated
version titled “Bawaku Berkelana” from the movie Moana. The movie was released in 2016
and as seen above the original english song (sung by Auli’i Cravalho) was translated to
malay language (sung by Ayda Jebat) and was given the title “Bawaku Berkelana”. The
translation strategies used in translating this particular song are Literal Translation that focus
on Source Language text and Free Translation that focus on Targeted Language text.

15
5.0 Findings
This section discusses the findings on the translation strategies used to translate the
Disney songs from English (Source Language - SL) into Malay Language (Targeted
Language - TL).

5.1 Frozen - Let It Go.

This section discusses the translation strategies used in translating the song from the
movie ‘Frozen I’ that were sung by Idina Menzel and Marsha Milan Londoh. The title of the
song is ‘Let It go’.

Source Language (English) Targeted Language (Malay)

The snow glows white on the mountain tonight Salju putih menutupi malam

Not a footprint to be seen Tiada jejak terlihat

A kingdom of isolation Kerajaan yang terasing

And it looks like I'm the queen dan akulah ratunya

The wind is howling like this swirling storm inside Hembusan bayu bak gelora jiwaku

Couldn't keep it in, heaven knows I've tried Puasku cuba tuk memendamnya

Don't let them in, don't let them see Jangan sampai mereka tahu

Be the good girl you always have to be Harus jadi yang diharapkan

Conceal, don't feel, don't let them know Lindungi lah yang sebenar

Well, now they know Kini aku

Let it go, let it go Bebaskan bebaskan

Can't hold it back anymore Tak mampu bertahan lagi

Let it go, let it go Bebaskan bebaskan

Turn away and slam the door Kucuba sedayaku

I don't care what they're going to say Peduli apa yang dikata

Let the storm rage on Jiwaku beku

The cold never bothered me anyway Kedinginan tak pernah menggangguku

Let it go, let it go Kini dapatku lihat jelas dari kejauhan

Can't hold it back anymore Ketakutan terpendam

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 Let it go, let it go Telah dapat ku lepaskan

Turn away and slam the door Sedayanya aku cuba

Let it go (go, go, go go, go go, go go, go, go, go Mengguna segala kuasa
go)
Bebas megecap nikmatnya
Let it go
Ku bebas
Let it go
Bebaskan bebaskan
Let it go
Terbanglah susuri awan
It's funny how some distance makes everything
seem small Bebaskan bebaskan

And the fears that once controlled me can't get to Takkan aku berduka
me at all
Di sini berdiri megah
It's time to see what I can do
Mula yang baru
To test the limits and break through
Kuasaku buat hidup bercelaru
No right, no wrong, no rules for me
Jiwaku bak salju yang sejuk juga membeku
I'm free
Membentuk permata menjadi mahkota
Let it go, let it go
Sejarahku kekal menjadi sejarah
I am one with the wind and sky
Bebaskan bebaskan
Let it go, let it go
Kubangkit didunia baru
You'll never see me cry
Bebaskan bebaskan
Here I stand and here I stay
Tidak seperti dulu
Let the storm rage on
Di sini berdiri megah
My power flurries through the air into the ground
Mula yang baru
My soul is spiraling in frozen fractals all around
Kedinginan tak pernah menggangguku
And one thought crystallizes like an icy blast

I'm never going back, the past is in the past

Source: Musixmatch
Let it go
Songwriters: Kristen Anderson-lopez / Robert J
The cold never bothered me anyway Lopez

Let it go, let it go Bebaskan lyrics © Walt Disney Music Company,

Wonderland Music Company Inc., Wonderland
And I'll rise like the break of dawn Music Company Inc

Let it go, let it go

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 That perfect girl is gone

Here I stand in the light of day

Let the storm rage on

Source: LyricFind

Songwriters: Kristen Anderson-Lopez / Robert

Lopez

Let It Go lyrics © Universal Music Publishing

Group

Table 5.1.1 Source Language (SL) and Targeted Language (TL) of ‘Let It Go’ Song

The translation strategies used in this song titled ‘Let It Go’ from Walt Disney Movie
is a combination of Source Language Focus and Targeted Language Focus as there are
some parts of it were translated by using the strategy of Word-to-Word translation and Literal
Translation. Both of those strategies are Source Language Focus. According to Newmark
(1998) Word-to-Word Translation is when the word sequence in source language is
maintained and the meaning of the original text is preserved which means the order of the
words including the grammatical structures of the source language did not change during the
translation process. The example of word-to-word translation strategy used in translating the
lyrics are “A kingdom of isolation” and “Kerajaan yang terasing”. The strategy of Literal
Translation was also used in translating this song. Literal Translation is when the grammar
structure of the source language is changed to the equivalent target language version but
the lexical terms are interpreted separately out of the context (Newmark,1998) which mean it
was translated as literal as possible despite the changes made in term of the grammatical
structures but it was because it was converted to the nearest equivalents to the targeted
language. The example of this translation strategy is “Conceal, don't feel, don't let them
know'' and “Jangan sampai mereka tahu”.
As for the Targeted Language Focus translation strategy was used for the functional
communication purposes and it falls under Free translation. Free Translation Strategy was
used when the target language is translated without implementing the original style, type or
content from the source language (Newmark,1998) which mean the translation was mainly
focused on the context or content of the targeted language instead of the form and this
particular strategy also has a completely different grammatical structures. The example of

18
the free translation strategy used in this song is “It's funny how some distance makes
everything seem small, and the fears that once controlled me can't get to me at all” with “Kini
dapatku lihat jelas dari kejauhan, ketakutan terpendam, telah dapat ku lepaskan”.

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5.2 Aladdin - Speechless

Source Language (English) Target Language (Malay)

Terukir adat berkurun lama

Here comes a wave meant to wash me away
Berabad terpelihara
A tide that is taking me under
Diam saja menjadi boneka
Swallowing sand, left with nothing to say Ku tak mampu menderita

My voice drowned out in the thunder Kerna

Semangatku memanggil

Biarkan terlerai
But I won't cry
Segala beban yang memendam
And I won't start to crumble
Raungan suara
Whenever they try
Gerah jiwa membara
To shut me or cut me down
Ku pertaruh segala

Dengarkan raungan suara

I won't be silenced Suara

You can't keep me quiet Bagai petir

Ku kan perjuangkan
Won't tremble when you try it
Tak sanggup ku diamkan
All I know is I won't go speechless
Dengarkan raungan suara
'Cause I'll breathe
Takkan terkurung lagi
When they try to suffocate me Ku takkan berdiam diri
Don't you underestimate me Sayapku kan kutebar

'Cause I know that I won't go speechless Bawa jauh ke angkasa

Semangat membaraku

Raung suara
Written in stone
Kan ku berdiri teguh
Every rule, every word
Sepenuh daya
Centuries old and unbending
Dengarkan raungan suara
"Stay in your place" Suara
"Better seen and not heard" Berdiri
Walau resah mengharungi
But now that story is ending
Ku tetap teguh berani
Dengarkan raungan suara

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 Dengarkan raungan suara
'Cause I
Suara
I cannot start to crumble
Source: Musixmatch
So come on and try
Songwriters: Alan Menken / Benj Pasek / Justin Paul
Try to shut me and cut me down
Raungan Suara (Bahagian 2) lyrics © Walt Disney
Music Company, Wonderland Music Company Inc.

I won't be silenced

You can't keep me quiet

Won't tremble when you try it

All I know is I won't go speechless, speechless

Let the storm in

I cannot be broken

No, I won't live unspoken

'Cause I know that I won't go speechless

Try to lock me in this cage

I won't just lay me down and die

I will take these broken wings

And watch me burn across the sky

Hear the echo saying:

I won't be silenced

Though you wanna see me tremble when you

try it

All I know is I won't go speechless, speechless

'Cause I'll breathe

When they try to suffocate me

Don't you underestimate me

'Cause I know that I won't go speechless

All I know is I won't go speechless, speechless

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 Table 5.2.1 Source Language (SL) and Targeted Language (TL) of ‘Speechless’ Song
Based on table 5.2.1 the translation strategies used to translate the source language
(english) to target language (malay) for the song titled Speechless to Raungan Suara from
the movie Aladdin are adaptation translation and Literal Translation. According to Newmark
(1998), Adaptation translation strategy is the easiest form of translation strategies. It is
mostly used to translate theatrical performance or poetry in which the themes, characters,
and plots of the source are maintained. The source language is translated to the target
language by rewriting it as a whole . The approach used is functional communication.
Functional communication’s total focus is on the target language rather than the source
language itself. In the song above, it is clear that the target text was translated completely
differently from the source text and this is because the culture is different in the targeted
language’s country. For instance, the lines “You can't keep me quiet, Won't tremble when
you try it, All I know is I won't go speechless” is translated to “Ku kan perjuangkan, Tak
sanggup ku diamkan, Dengarkan raungan suara”. Regardless of that, the other translation
strategy used in this song is Literal translation strategy. Literal translation mean that it was
translated as literal as possible despite the changes made in term of the grammatical
structures but it was because it was converted to the nearest equivalents to the targeted
language (Newmark, 1998) and the example of this particular strategy can be seen in the
lyric which is “I won't be silenced” and “Ku takkan berdiam diri”.

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5.3 Moana - How Far I’ll Go

Source Language (English) Target Language (Malay)

I've been staring at the edge of the water Ku merenung seluas lautan

'Long as I can remember, never really Mengenang kehidupan

knowing why
Sepi dalam gelora
I wish I could be the perfect daughter
Andai masa dapat ku putarkan
But I come back to the water, no matter
how hard I try Menghuraikan persoalan

Every turn I take, every trail I track Namun apalah daya

Every path I make, every road leads back Jejak langkahku

To the place I know, where I can not go, Penuh berliku

where I long to be
Takdir hidupku
See the line where the sky meets the
sea? It calls me Saling menuju

And no one knows, how far it goes Destinasi laman larangan

Dalam ramalan
If the wind in my sail on the sea stays
behind me Lihatlah ufuk yang menyeru namaku
One day I'll know, if I go there's just no Lembayungnya mempersona
telling how far I'll go
Biarlah bayu membawaku meneroka
I know everybody on this island, seems so
happy on this island Berkelana melayari mimpi langit tak bertepi
Everything is by design Walau mereka berbahagia
I know everybody on this island has a role Nan ceria di persada
on this island
Akur dengan aturan
So maybe I can roll with mine
Semua dipulau indah ini
I can lead with pride, I can make us strong
Menggalas aspirasi
I'll be satisfied if I play along
Menjadi azimat hati
But the voice inside sings a different song
Akan ku genggam menjadi azam
What is wrong with me?
Mendakap mercu serinya alam
See the light as it shines on the sea? It's
blinding Namun hatiku bagaikan lesu

But no one knows, how deep it goes Apa mahuku

And it seems like it's calling out to me, so Lihatlah langit yang membiru
come find me
Menyeru
And let me know, what's beyond that line,
will I cross that line? Memayungi gelisahku

The line where the sky meets the sea? It Sinarnya menerangi azam menyapaku
calls me

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 And no one knows, how far it goes
If the wind in my sail on the sea stays
behind me
One day I'll know, how far I'll go
Source: LyricFind
Songwriters: Lin-Manuel Miranda
How Far I'll Go lyrics © Universal Music
Publishing Group
Menjelaskan perih hujungnya bagai permata
Lihatlah ufuk yang menyeru namaku
Lembayungnya mempersona
Biarlah bayu yang menderu membawaku
Mengembara
Berkelana
Source: LyricFind
Songwriters: Lin-Manuel Miranda / Mohd
Henzman Bin Kumpul

Bawaku Berkelana lyrics © Universal Music

Publishing Group

Table 5.3.1 Source Language (SL) and Targeted Language (TL) of ‘How Far I’ll Go’ Song
The song ‘How Far I’ll Go’ has two different translation strategies which are Literal
Translation and Free Translation. Literal translation mainly focuses on the source language
text while free translation is for targeted language text. Literal translation is when the
grammar structure of the source language is changed to the equivalent target language
version but the lexical terms are interpreted separately out of the context (Newmark,1998)
For Example “I've been staring at the edge of the water” and “Ku merenung seluas lautan”
which carried the same meaning but different in term of grammar structures. In term of Free
Translation, it is when translation was mainly focused on the context or content of the
targeted language instead of the form and this particular strategy also has a completely
different grammatical structures (Newmark, 1998) and the example of free translation
strategy being applied in this song is “But the voice inside sings a different song” and it was
translated to “Namun hatiku bagaikan lesu”.

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6.0 Recommendation
After conducting this research in the translation strategies used to translate Disney
movies into Malay language, the researcher would like to give some recommendations that
might be useful for the students that may conduct research regarding translations in the near
future and fellow translators.
As for the translators, when they translate a song to a secondary language, more
attention should be given. As seen above, all three movies, Frozen I, Aladdin and Moana are
children's movies. The vocabularies used in the translation process are quite complicated
when translated to the Malay language. In order to make sure the translations are done right,
proper translation techniques should be applied when translating. Children are in the
process of learning a language. Simpler vocabularies make it easier for them to understand
and adapt. Therefore, using simpler vocabs during any translation process for children’s
movies would make the understanding better when watching it.
The researcher hopes this study can be beneficial to other students from other
faculties and universities. Students will be able to understand the translation strategies used
in Disney movies, the meaning and functions of audio-visual translation (AVT). However,
students should explore more in depth about the translation techniques and audio visual
translation that are used in Disney movies. Students should increase their knowledge in
order to understand the topic better.

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7.0 Conclusion
This research investigated the analysis of translation strategies used to translate
Disney songs into Malay. The research was conducted as a library research. The study
focuses on strategies of translations used on Disney movies specifically to translate it to the
Malay language. Three soundtracks from Disney movies were chosen in order to conduct
this research. The songs and movies are as followed,
(a) Let It Go - “Bebaskan” from Frozen I.
The original version was sung by Idina Menzel whilst the translated version was sung
by Marsha Milan Londoh.
(b) Speechless - “Raungan Suara” from Aladdin
The original version was sung by Naomi Scott and the translated version was sung
by Shila Amzah.
(c) How far I’ll go - “Bawaku Berkelana” from Moana
The original version was sung by Auli’l Cravalho and the translated version was sung
by Ayda Jebat

From the research conducted, translation strategies that were found and analyzed
from the songs stated above are, Word-to-word translation, literal translation, free translation
and adaptation translation. However, from the findings, the most commonly used translation
strategy was literal translation. Most parts of the lyrics from the three movies were literal
translations in which the course language was translated literally by focusing on the original
meaning and form by not removing or adding words when translating it into the target
language.

In conclusion, the result varies according to the translation strategies used on each
of the songs during the process of translating the original English versions to Malay versions.
In certain songs, several translation strategies are used whilst some only contain one
translation strategy. The researcher found there is no right or wrong in the translation
strategies used. In order to convey the right message of a song, several strategies had to be
applied in the process of translating. Hence the researchers have included 2-3 translation
strategies depending on the songs and targeted audience.
.

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