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Xre walt 3, a a Mm te an @ Ln es) - - U8 [Sts + tacts | 8 \ S| -40)- Us, ei _ fg &>-6;| Odette h (2)Prhe Log Mean Tempe Difference Method (LMTD) 2 ¢ The Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference(LMTD) is valid only for heat exchanger with one shell pass and one tube pass. ¢ For multiple number of shell and tube passes the flow pattern in a heat exchanger is neither purely co-current nor purely counter-current. * The temperature difference between the hot and cold fluids varies along the heat exchanger. * Itis convenient to have a mean temper: ature difference T,, for use in the relation. Q=UAAT, m¢ The mean temperature difference in a heat transfer process depends on the direction of fluid flows involved in the process. The primary and secondary fluid in an heat exchanger process may * flow in the same direction - parallel flow or cocurrent flow * in the opposite direction - countercurrent flow or perpendicular to each other - cross flow hTHE EFFECTIVENESS-NTU METHOD ¢ LMTD method is useful for determining the overall heat transfer coefficient U based on experimental values of the inlet and outlet temperatures and the fluid flow rates. ¢ Amore convenient method for predicting the outlet temperatures is the effectiveness NTU method. ¢ This method can be derived from the LMTD method without introducing any additional assumptions. ° Therefore, the effectiveness-NTU and LMTD methods are equivalent. ° An advanreg of the effectiveness-NTU method is its ability to predict the outlet temperatures without resorting to a numerical iterative solution of a system of nonlinear equations. The heat-exchanger effectiveness ¢ is defined as+ Maximum possible heat rate: Geax = Cnin Ta Tes) CE, Cryin =) OF > Will the fluid characterized by Cy, OF Cya, experience the largest possible temperature change in transit through the HX? | i b > Why is C,,; and notC,,,, used in the definition of g,.,.?-—* Number of Transfer Units, NTU. NTU = YA » A dimensionless parameter whose magnitude influences HX performance: gt with 7 NTUKirchoff's Law of Radiation At agiven temperature, the ratio of the emissive power of abody to its absorptive power is constant andis equal to the emissive power of ablack body at the same temperature. 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