Different Kinds of Normal Flora in the Body

First of all, what is Normal Flora and why is it important?

- Normal flora are the microorganisms that live on another living organism (human or animal) or inanimate
object without causing disease. The human body is not sterile; we become colonized by bacteria from the
moment we are born.
What is the function of Normal Flora?
-The functions of the normal flora include digestion of substrates, production of vitamins, stimulation of
cell maturation, stimulation of the immune system, aid in intestinal transit and colonization resistance.

Eyes/Conjunctiva
-The normal flora of Conjunctiva is relatively free Moraxella spp/ Moraxella catarrhalis
from bacteria due to the presence of lysozome in
the tears which flushes the bacteria. Predominant a.) Morphology:
organisms of the eyes are: -The rods are often very short and plump,
approaching a coccus shape. Cells usually occur in
 Moraxella sp/ Moraxella catarrhalis pairs or short chains with one plane of division.
 Diphtheroids b.) Physiology:
 Nonhemolytic Streptococci -Studies have shown that M catarrhalis colonizes the
 Staph Epidermidis upper respiratory tract.

 Streptococcus Viridans c.) Benefits:

- N/A or None.
d.) Harm:
-However, in adults with weakened immune systems
or chronic lung conditions, M. catarrhalis can cause
bronchitis. Like pneumonia, bronchitis due to M.
catarrhalis is most common in adults with lung
conditions in hospitals.

1
Eyes/Conjunctiva
 Moraxella sp/ Moraxella catarrhalis Diphtheroids
 Diphtheroids
 Nonhemolytic Streptococci a.) Morphology:

 Staph Epidermidis -characterized as irregularly shaped, non–spore-

forming, aerobic, gram-positive rods.
 Streptococcus Viridans
b.) Physiology:
-It spread from person to person, usually trough
sneezing respiratory droplets, like from coughing or
sneezing.
c.) Benefits:
-N/A or None.
d.) Harm:
-It can lead to difficulty breathing, heart rhythm
problems, and even death.

2
Eyes/Conjunctiva
 Moraxella sp/ Moraxella catarrhalis NonHemolytic Streptococci
 Diphtheroids

 NonHemolytic Streptococci a.) Morphology:

 Staph Epidermidis -It is usually a diplococcus in chains, as they grow

along a single axis and they tend to form pairs or
 Streptococcus Viridans chains that may appear bent or twisted.
b.) Physiology:
-
c.) Benefits:
-N/A or None.
d.) Harm:
-It can cause many different infections. These
infections range from minor illness to very serious
and deadly diseases.

3
Eyes/Conjunctiva
 Moraxella sp/ Moraxella catarrhalis
 Diphtheroids
 Nonhemolytic Streptococci
 Staph Epidermidis
 Streptococcus Viridans
4
Staph Epidermidis
a.) Morphology:
-It forms white, raised, cohesive colonies about 1-2
mm in diameter after overnight incubation, and is
also arranged in grape-like clusters.
b.) Physiology:
-S. epidermidis uses to survive during infection are
in general of a passive nature,. It excels forming
biofilms, sticky agglomerations that inhibit major
host defense mechanism.
c.) Benefits:
-Reduces the neurophatological damage of the optic
nerve and increases retinal ganglion cells survivsl
after acute optic neuritis.
d.) Harm:
-It sometimes causes infections. In healthcare
settings, these staph infections can be serious or
fatal.
Eyes/Conjunctiva
 Moraxella sp/ Moraxella catarrhalis
 Diphtheroids
 Nonhemolytic Streptococci
 Staph Epidermidis
 Streptococcus Viridans
5
Streptococcus Viridans
a.) Morphology:
-It is a group of catalase-negative, Gram-Positive
cocci with a chaining morphology
b.) Physiology:
-Can be human commensal, colonizing the
gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts in addition
to the oral mucosa.
c.) Benefits:
-N/A or None.
d.) Harm:
-Streptococcus viridans, normally a harmless
inhabitant in the mouth. Important causes of sepsis
and pneumonia in the neutropenic host and sepsis,
and meningitis in the neonate.
Skin
-Skin is constantly exposed to and is contact with Escherichia Coli
the environment, the skin is particularly apt to
Contain transient microorganisms. Skin microbiota a.) Morphology:
Plays an intricate role in the human immune-system, -Traditionally, the colony morphology of E. coli is
identified as either a rough or a smooth form. The
Actually many immune functions, and helps to
two forms are readily distinguished, as the colonies
Defend its host against invading bacterial pathogens. of the former are rough, flat, and irregular and
colonies of latter are smooth, high, and circular.
Predominant organisms of the eyes are:
b.) Physiology:
 Escherichia Coli
-Escherichia coli strains frequently are isolated from
 Corynebacterium skin and soft tissue infections and also acquires
 Peptostreptococcus Species nutrients from the intestinal mucus.

 Enterobacter c.) Benefits:

 Acinetobacter -Coli are not harmful to humans, and some are even
beneficial. Many of us host a population of E. coli
in our gut that aids digestion and protects us from
other harmful microbes.
d.) Harm:
-Some strains can cause severe symptoms and even
life-threatening complications, susch as hemolytic
uremic syndrome, which can lead to kidney failure
and death.

6
Skin
 Escherichia Coli Corynebacterium
 Corynebacterium
 Peptostreptococcus Species a.) Morphology:

 Enterobacter -Corynebacterium are Gram-positive, slender, non-

spore-forming rods. Some species may be slightly
 Acinetobacter curved or have club ends.
b.) Physiology:
-They can be found on the skin and in the upper
respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts.
c.) Benefits:
- They are used for important industrial
applications, such as the production of amino acids
and nucleotides, bio-conversion, cheese aging, and
production of enzymes.
d.) Harm:
-Corynebacterium diphtheriae infects the
nasopharynx or skin. Toxigenic strains secrete a
potent exotoxin which may cause diphtheria.

7
Skin
 Escherichia Coli Peptostreptococcus Species
 Corynebacterium

 Peptostreptococcus Species a.) Morphology:

 Enterobacter -Small, spherical, and can occur in short chains, in

pairs or individually.
 Acinetobacter
b.) Physiology:
-Source of bacteremia due to peptostreptococcus is
infections of the oropharynx, lower respiratory tract,
female genital tract, abdomen, skin, and soft tissues.
Can also occur in all body sites, including the CNS,
head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, skin, bone, joint
and soft tissues.
c.) Benefits:
-Several peptostreptococcus species contain a gene
cluster enabling production of the tryptophan
metabolite indoleacrylic acid (IA), which promotes
intestinal epithelial barrier functions and mitigates
inflammatory responses.
d.) Harm:
-Fatal endocarditis, para-valvular abscess, and
pericarditis.

8
Skin
 Escherichia coli Enterobacter
 Corynebacterium
 Peptostreptococcus Species a.) Morphology:

 Enterobacter -Is a genus of Gram- negative, straight rod-shaped

bacterium that has peritrichous flagella.
 Acinetobacter
b.) Physiology:
-Certain species of this bacterium can be part of the
micro-flora of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract,
while other Enterobacter species can be present in
human skin surfaces, water, certain foods, soil, and
sewage.
c.) Benefits:
-It is possible that Enterobacter aerogenes and other
Enterobacter species may exert a pro-biotic effect in
the gastrointestinal tract of human and animals.
d.) Harm:
-It does not generally cause disease in healthy
individuals. However, Enterobacter infections are
serious infections with a high mortality rate, even
with appropriate treatment.

9
Skin
 Escherichia coli Acinetobacter
 Corynebacterium
 Ppetostreptococcus Species a.) Morphology:

 Enterobacter -The organism is typically rod-shaped during rapid

growth but forms coccobacilli during stationary
 Acinetobacter phase.
b.) Physiology:
-The bacteria can spread from worker’s hands or
contaminated surfaces or healthcare items.
c.) Benefits:
-Acinobacter species in the skin microbiota protect
against allergic sensitization and inflammation.
d.) Harm:
-The most common cause of infections is
Acinetobacter baumannii, which accounts for most
Acinobacter infections in humans.

10
Genitals
-Physiological or external factors that can increase Gardnerella Vaginalis
The risk of an imbalance in both male an female
genitals. Predominant organisms of the eyes are: a.) Morphology:

 Gardnerella Vaginalis -It is a slow-growing Gram-variable bacillus which

has been previously classified as a Haemophilus and
 Lactobacillus Crispatus Corynebacterium.
 Ureaplasma Urealyticum Bcteria b.) Physiology:
 Mycoplasa Genitalium -This bacteria can be a natural, non-pathogenic
 Lactobacillus Jensenii member of a healthy vaginal flora or can be
contracted trough sexual activity where partner is a
carrier of Gardnerella bacteria.
c.) Benefits:
-Gardnerella vaginalis is a bacteria that coexist
alongside other bacteria in your vagina to keep it
infection-free.
d.) Harm:
-If left untreated, the infection can make you more
susceptible to contracting STIs including HIV,
Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea.

11
Genitals
 Gardnerella Vaginalis Lactobacillus Crispatus
 Lactobacillus Crispatus
 Ureaplasma Urealyticum Bcteria a.) Morphology:

 Mycoplasa Genitalium -Rod-shaped, Gram-positive facultative anaerobic.

 Lactobacillus Jensenii b.) Physiology:

-Its role is agglutination and immobilization of
human sperm, fertility, and offspring health is
unclear.
c.) Benefits:
-Help the body break down food, absorb nutrients,
and fight off "bad" organisms that might cause
diseases.
d.) Harm:
-N/A or None.

12
Genitals
 Gardnerella Vaginalis
 Lactobacillus Crispatus
 Ureaplasma Urealyticum Bacteria
 Mycoplasa Genitalium
 Lactobacillus Jensenii
13
Ureaplasma Urealyticum Bacteria
a.) Morphology:
-A group of tiny bacteria that inhabit the respiratory
and urogenital (urinary and reproductive) tract.
b.) Physiology:
-Can be spread by vaginal, penile, oral or anal
sexual contact and intercourse.
c.) Benefits:
-N/A or None.
d.) Harm:
-Associated with conditions such as
Bacterial Vaginosis, Cervicitis, Pelvic
Inflammatory Disease and infertility.
Genitals
 Gardnerella Vaginalis
 Lactobacillus Crispatus
 Ureaplasma Urealyticum Bacteria
 Mycoplasma Genitalium
 Lactobacillus Jensenii
14
Mycoplasma Genitalium
a.) Morphology:
- A motile flask-shaped mycoplasma with terminal
tip-like structure .It does not have a peptidoglycan
cell wall and, therefore, lacks cell surface markers.
b.) Physiology:
-Causes symptomatic and asymptomatic urethritis
among men.
c.) Benefits:
-N/A or None.
d.) Harm:
-If left untreated mycoplasma genitalium could
lead to: infertility (inability for you or your sexual
partner/s to become pregnant). passing the infection
to your sexual partner/s — even if you do not have
symptoms. increased risk of getting or spreading
other sexually transmissible.
Genitals
 Gardnerella Vaginalis Lactobacillus Jensenii
 Lactobacillus Crispatus
 Ureaplasma Urealyticum Bacteria a.) Morphology:

 Mycoplasma Genitalium -Cell: rod-shaped, 0.6-0.8 m x 2.0-4.0,

Single or short chains, non-spore forming.
 Lactobacillus Jensenii
b.) Physiology:
-Causes symptomatic and asymptomatic urethritis
among men.
c.) Benefits:
-Help the body break down food, absorb nutrients,
and fight off "bad" organisms that might cause
diseases. help “defend” the vagina against a number
of pathogens.
d.) Harm:
-N/A or None.

15
Intestine/ Gastrointestinal Tract
- Candida Albicans
Predominant organisms of the eyes are:
 Canadida Albicans
 Helicobacter Pylori
 Clostridium Perfinges
 Streptococcus Faecalis
 Ureaplasma Urealyticum Bacteria
16
a.) Morphology:
-A human opportunist pathogen that can grow as
yeast, pseudohyphae, or true hyphae in vitro and in
vivo, depending on environmental conditions. The
hyphae are the vegetative form of filamentous fungi,
which possess a thread-like structure.
b.) Physiology:
-Candida albicans is the type of yeast that lives in
your body. It can overgrow and turn into an
infection if the balance of healthy bacteria and yeast
is disrupted.
c.) Benefits:
-Train the immune system against systemic
candidiasis.
d.) Harm:
-N/A or None.
Intestine/ Gastrointestinal Tract
 Canadida Albicans Helicobacter Pylori
 Helicobacter Pylori
 Clostridium Perfinges a.) Morphology:

 Streptococcus Faecalis -A curved to spiral; however, some members have

either a short or tapered rod-shape.
 Ureaplasma Urealyticum Bacteria
b.) Physiology:
-Damage the protective lining of the stomach and
small intestine.
c.) Benefits:
-N/A or None.
d.) Harm:
-Can cause digestive illnesses, including
gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.

17
Intestine/ Gastrointestinal Tract
 Canadida Albicans
 Helicobacter Pylori
 Clostridium Perfingers
 Streptococcus Faecalis
 Ureaplasma Urealyticum Bacteria
18
Clostridium Perfingers
a.) Morphology:
-Large rectangular gram-positive bacilli with
rounded or truncated ends. It is pleomorphic with
straight or curved rods. Size is about 3-8 µm X 0.4-
1.2 µm. It is a capsulated, non-motile, and non-
flagellated pathogenic bacteria.
b.) Physiology:
-Commensal bacteria. Uses its large arsenal of
protein toxins to produce histotoxic, neurologic and
intestinal infections in humans and animals.
c.) Benefits:
-N/A or None.
d.) Harm:
-Cause histotoxic and intestinal infections in
humans and animals.
Intestine/ Gastrointestinal Tract
 Canadida Albicans Streptococcus Faecalis
 Helicobacter Pylori
 Clostridium Perfingers a.) Morphology:

 Streptococcus Faecalis -A Gram-positive, commensal bacterium inhabiting

the gastrointestinal tracts of humans.
 Ureaplasma Urealyticum Bacteria
b.) Physiology:
-Helps clear diarrhea, stimulates the immune
system, and helps balance intestinal microflora. It
also helps reduce symptoms in lactose intolerant
patients.
c.) Benefits:
-When absorbed, could convert protein into amide
and amino acids, and also could free nitrogen from
carbohydrates into lactic acid, thereby softening
fiber in the feed, as could consequently improve the
feed utilization.
d.) Harm:
-If it spreads to other parts of your body,
it can cause a more serious infection.

19
Intestine/ Gastrointestinal Tract
 Canadida Albicans
 Helicobacter Pylori
 Clostridium Perfingers
 Streptococcus Faecalis
 Ureaplasma Urealyticum Bacteria
20
Ureaplasma Urealyticum Bacteria
a.) Morphology:
-Gram-positive, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic
or microaerophilic, non spore-forming, acid-
tolerant, and catalase-negative bacteria with DNA
G+C content that is usually less than 50 mol%.
b.) Physiology:
-They produce lactic acid, which may prevent
harmful bacteria from colonizing the intestines.
c.) Benefits:
-Help protect your body from chronic diseases like
type 2 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease
(Crohn's and ulcerative colitis).
d.) Harm:
-N/A or None.
Oral Cavity/ Mouth
- Treponema Denticola
Predominant organisms of the eyes are:
 Treponema Denticola
 Corynebacterium Matruchotii
 Lactobacillus
 Streptococcus Mutans
 Porphyromas Gingivalis
21
a.) Morphology:
- Gram-negative, obligate anaerobic, motile and
highly proteolytic spirochete bacterium.
b.) Physiology:
-A potential etiological bacterial agent for oral
cancer.
c.) Benefits:
-N/A or None
d.) Harm:
-A spirochete bacterium associated with
progression of periodontal diseases, infectious
diseases that destroy attachment of teeth.
Oral Cavity/ Mouth
 Treponema Denticola Corynebacterium Matruchotii
 Corynebacterium Matruchotii
 Lactobacillus a.) Morphology:

 Streptococcus Mutans -A Gram-positive actinobacterium with long

filaments and a typical “wipe-handle” morphology
 Porphyromas Gingivalis
b.) Physiology:
-Strong ability to deposit calcium and induce
mineralization in vitro and may participate in the
formation of supragingival calculus.
c.) Benefits:
-N/A or None.
d.) Harm:
-Highly abundant pathogen

22
Oral Cavity/ Mouth
 Treponema Denticola Lactobacillus
 Corynebacterium Matruchotii

 Lactobacillus a.) Morphology:

 Streptococcus Mutans -A genus of Gram-positive, aerotolerant anaerobes

or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming
 Porphyromas Gingivalis bacteria.
b.) Physiology:
-Fight several kinds of bad bacteria.
c.) Benefits:
-Help restore a healthy balance in your mouth
d.) Harm:
-N/A or None.

23
Oral Cavity/ Mouth
 Treponema Denticola Streptococcus Mutans
 Corynebacterium Matruchotii
 Lactobacillus a.) Morphology:

 Streptococcus Mutans -Gram-positive bacteria, has a thick cell wall, and

retains a gentian violet.
 Porphyromas Gingivalis
b.) Physiology:
-Helps clear diarrhea, stimulates the immune
system, and helps balance intestinal microflora. It
also helps reduce symptoms in lactose-intolerant
patients.
c.) Benefits:
-When absorbed, could convert protein into amide
and amino acids, and also could free nitrogen from
carbohydrates into lactic acid, thereby softening
fiber in the feed, as could consequently improve the
feed utilization.
d.) Harm:
-If it spreads to other parts of your body, it can
cause a more serious infection.

24
25