3b. Determine the fractional uncertainty in v when T = 2.

115 s, correct to [2 marks]

Topic 1 [55 marks]

one significant figure.

3c. The student hypothesizes that the relationship between T and v is T = a [3 marks]
+ bv2, where a and b are constants. To verify this hypothesis a graph
1. Which quantity has the fundamental SI units of kg m–1 s–2? [1 mark] showing the variation of T with v2 is plotted. The graph shows the data and the
line of best fit.
A. Energy
B. Force
C. Momentum
D. Pressure

2. What are the units of specific energy and energy density? [1 mark]

A student investigates how the period T of a simple pendulum varies with the
maximum speed v of the pendulum’s bob by releasing the pendulum from rest
from different initial angles. A graph of the variation of T with v is plotted. Determine b, giving an appropriate unit for b.

3d. The lines of the minimum and maximum gradient are shown. [2 marks]

3a. Suggest, by reference to the graph, why it is unlikely that the relationship [1 mark]
between T and v is linear.
Estimate the absolute uncertainty in a.
 5. A student wants to determine the angular speed ω of a rotating object. [1 mark]
The resistance R of a wire of length L can be measured using the circuit shown. The period T is 0.50 s ±5 %. The angular speed ω is

2π
ω=
T
What is the percentage uncertainty of ω?
A. 0.2 %
B. 2.5 %
C. 5 %
D. 10 %
In one experiment the wire has a uniform diameter of d = 0.500 mm. The graph
shows data obtained for the variation of R with L.
6. A student models the relationship between the pressure p of a gas and its [1 mark]
temperature T as p = x + yT.
The units of p are pascal and the units of T are kelvin. What are the fundamental
SI units of x and y?

7. A student measures the radius R of a circular plate to determine its area. [1 mark]
The absolute uncertainty in R is ΔR.
The gradient of the line of best fit is 6.30 Ω m–1.
What is the fractional uncertainty in the area of the plate?

4a. Estimate the resistivity of the material of the wire. Give your answer to [2 marks] A. 2ΔR
R
an appropriate number of significant figures. 2
B. ( ΔR
R
)
4b. Explain, by reference to the power dissipated in the wire, the advantage [3 marks]
C. 2πΔR
of the fixed resistor connected in series with the wire for the R
measurement of R. 2
D. π(
ΔR
R
)
4c. The experiment is repeated using a wire made of the same material but [2 marks]
of a larger diameter than the wire in part (a). On the axes in part (a),
draw the graph for this second experiment.
8. What is the unit of electrical potential difference expressed in [1 mark] 10c. There is an advantage and a disadvantage in using two masses that are [2 marks]
fundamental SI units? almost equal.
A. kg m s-1 C-1 State and explain the advantage with reference to the magnitude of the
acceleration that is obtained.
B. kg m2 s-2 C-1
C. kg m2 s-3 A-1
D. kg m2 s-1 A 10d. There is an advantage and a disadvantage in using two masses that are [2 marks]
almost equal.
State and explain the disadvantage with reference to your answer to (a)(ii).
9. An object has a weight of 6.10 × 102 N. What is the change in [1 mark]
gravitational potential energy of the object when it moves through 8.0 m
vertically?
A. 5 kJ
B. 4.9 kJ
C. 4.88 kJ
D. 4.880 kJ

In an experiment to measure the acceleration of free fall a student ties two

different blocks of masses m 1 and m 2 to the ends of a string that passes over a
frictionless pulley.

The student calculates the acceleration a of the blocks by measuring the time
taken by the heavier mass to fall through a given distance. Their theory predicts
−m +m
that a = g m1+m2 and this can be re-arranged to give g = a m1−m2 .
m1 2 m1 2

In a particular experiment the student calculates that a = (0.204 ±0.002) ms–2

using m 1 = (0.125 ±0.001) kg and m 2 = (0.120 ±0.001) kg.

10a. Calculate the percentage error in the measured value of g. [3 marks]

10b. Deduce the value of g and its absolute uncertainty for this experiment. [2 marks]
 In an investigation a student folds paper into cylinders of the same diameter D but
different heights. Beginning with the shortest cylinder they applied the same fixed
load to each of the cylinders one by one. They recorded the height H of the first A student investigates the electromotive force (emf) ε and internal resistance r of
cylinder to collapse. a cell.

The current I and the terminal potential difference V are measured.

For this circuit V = ε - Ir .
The table shows the data collected by the student. The uncertainties for each
measurement
They then repeat this process with cylinders of different diameters. are shown.
The graph shows the data plotted by the student and the line of best fit.

The graph shows the data plotted.

2
Theory predicts that H = cD 3 where c is a constant.

11a. Suggest why the student’s data supports the theoretical prediction. [2 marks]

11b. Determine c. State an appropriate unit for c. [3 marks]

11c. Determine c. State an appropriate unit for c. [3 marks]

11d. Identify one factor that determines the value of c. [1 mark] 12a. The student has plotted error bars for the potential difference. Outline [1 mark]
why no error bars are shown for the current.