What is happening?.

 
How does It take place? 
How is it overseen? 
Legal instruments in place 

ILO Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention

When was it established?

Why was it established?

Who signed it?

Impact?

Relevant articles

There are many laws in place around the world to prevent child labor. In most countries, there are
laws that establish a minimum age for employment and prohibit the use of child labor in certain
industries or for certain tasks. These laws are designed to protect children from being exploited or
put in danger through work.

In addition to national laws, there are also international conventions and agreements that address
child labor. For example, the International Labour Organization (ILO) has adopted several
conventions related to child labor, including the Minimum Age Convention, which sets a minimum
age for employment, and the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, which prohibits the most
exploitative forms of child labor.

It is important to note that while laws can help prevent child labor, enforcing these laws can be
difficult. In many cases, child labor continues to exist despite the existence of laws against it. This is
often due to poverty, lack of education, and other social and economic factors that make it difficult
for children to access their rights.

In the Republic of the Congo, the minimum age for employment is 16 years old. This means that
children under the age of 16 are not allowed to work. However, children between the ages of 14 and
16 can engage in light work that does not interfere with their education or health.

There are several international laws and regulations that are designed to protect children from being
forced to work. The most important of these is the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the
Child, which sets out the rights of all children to be protected from exploitation and abuse, including
the right to be free from all forms of forced labor. In addition to this, there are other international
labor standards that address the issue of child labor, such as the International Labour Organization
(ILO) Minimum Age Convention, which sets the minimum age for employment at 15 years (or 14
years in developing countries), and the ILO Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention, which prohibits
the worst forms of child labor, such as slavery, forced labor, and child trafficking.

Other important international laws and regulations that address the issue of child labor include the
International Labour Organization (ILO) Minimum Age Convention and the ILO Worst Forms of Child
Labor Convention. Additionally, there are other international treaties and agreements that address
specific aspects of child labor, such as the ILO Forced Labor Convention, the ILO Abolition of Forced
Labor Convention, and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons,
especially Women and Children. Overall, the goal of these laws and regulations is to protect children
from being exploited and to ensure that they are able to enjoy their rights to education, health, and
a safe and healthy childhood.

The Republic of the Congo has also ratified several international conventions related to child labor,
including the ILO Minimum Age Convention and the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention. These
conventions establish global standards for the protection of children from exploitation and
dangerous work.

Atwell, K., Portzer, J.M., and McCurdy, D. (2021) ‘Negotiating [Im]plausible Deniability: Strategic
Guidelines for U.S. Engagement in Modern Indirect Warfare’, Prism (Washington, D.C.), 9(2), 112–
121. Available at:
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2515179136/fulltextPDF/61C30503C2FE4E89PQ/1?
accountid=14564 (Accessed 15 December 2022)

Deberdt, R. (2021) ‘The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)’s response to artisanal cobalt
mining: The Entreprise Générale du Cobalt (EGC)’, The extractive industries and society, 8(4),
101013–, available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2021.101013.

Deberdt, R. (2022) ‘Land access rights in minerals’ responsible sourcing. The case of cobalt in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo’, Resources policy, 75, 102534–, available:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102534. (Accessed 15 Dec. 22)

Hudson, M. (2021) ‘Finance Capitalism versus Industrial Capitalism: The Rentier Resurgence
and Takeover’, The Review of radical political economics, 53(4), 557–573, available:
https://doi.org/10.1177/04866134211011770. (Accessed 14 Dec. 22)

Jahan, S. and Mahmud, A. (2015) ‘What is capitalism? - back to Basics’, Finance & Development.
Available at: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2015/06/basics.htm (Accessed 14
December 2022).

Kotler, P. and Keller, K. (2012). Marketing management 14th ed. (14th). New Jersey: Pearson.

UNICEF (2022)

https://www.unicef.org/child-rights-convention/implementing-monitoring
https://www.unicef.org/child-rights-convention/frequently-asked-questions

https://www.unicef.org/child-rights-convention/how-convention-works

https://www.unicef.org/child-rights-convention/history-child-rights

https://www.unicef.org/child-rights-convention#learn

https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ilo_code:C138

https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:11200:0::NO:11200:P11200_COUNTRY_ID:102981

https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?
p=NORMLEXPUB:11310:0::NO:11310:P11310_INSTRUMENT_ID:312283:NO

http://ilo.org/dyn/normlex/es/f?
p=NORMLEXPUB:13100:0::NO::P13100_COMMENT_ID,P13100_LANG_CODE:2335385,en

https://www.privacyshield.gov/article?id=Congo-Democratic-Republic-Legal-Regime

https://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/JO/2008/15.08.08.12.45.pdf

https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_2011.pdf?
lang=en

https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252491308/Victims-contest-technology-firms-attempt-to-
dismiss-cobalt-mining-deaths-case

Mondor, C. (2022) ‘Cobalt Red: How the Blood of the Congo Powers Our Lives’, Booklist. Available
at https://web-p-ebscohost-com.proxy.lib.ul.ie/ehost/detail/detail?vid=1&sid=21806d01-c46d-4f1d-
bac0-8559f980b368%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d
%3d#AN=160129609&db=a9h (Accessed 16 Dec. 22)

PWxyz, LLC (2022) ‘Cobalt Red: How the Blood of the Congo Powers Our Lives’ (2022) Publishers
Weekly. Available at https://web-p-ebscohost-com.proxy.lib.ul.ie/ehost/detail/detail?
vid=1&sid=54cd1903-489e-4829-92b5-056583fadeb8%40redis&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ
%3d%3d#AN=160196620&db=a9h (Accessed 16 December 2022)

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