3AnswerWorkbooks 2 PDF

D
G
R
LO THE
GOLDIN
OF
IAM
F L I E S BY
Teacher's
WILL
ANSWER WORKBOOK
Name:
Class:
“THERE HAVE BEEN SO
MANY INTERPRETATIONS
OF THE STORY THAT I’M NOT
GOING TO CHOOSE BETWEEN THEM.
MAKE YOUR OWN CHOICE.
THE ONLY THING THAT MATTERS
IS, FIRST, THE EXPERIENCE
OF BEING IN THE STORY,
MOVING THROUGH IT.
THEN ANY INTERPRETATION
YOU LIKE. IF IT’S YOURS, THEN
THAT’S THE RIGHT ONE.
- WILLIAM GOLDING
© STACEY LLOYD 2016

CONTENTS
BACKGROUND INFORMATION & CONTEXT..... 1
GOOD OR EVIL?..... 3
THINKING ABOUT SURVIVAL..... 4
CHARACTER PROFILES..... 5
CHAPTER ONE..... 9
CHAPTER TWO..... 12
CHAPTER THREE..... 15
CHAPTER FOUR..... 17
CHAPTER FIVE..... 19
FEAR AND THE BEAST..... 22
CHAPTER SIX..... 23
CHAPTER SEVEN..... 25
CHAPTER EIGHT..... 27
CHAPTER NINE..... 29
CHAPTER TEN..... 31
CHAPTER ELEVEN..... 33
CHAPTER TWELVE..... 35
ANALYZING THEMES..... 37
ALL ABOUT THE SYMBOLS..... 41
KEY QUOTATIONS..... 42
ANALYZING PLOT STRUCTURE..... 43
NOTES, DOODLES, IDEAS..... 45
© STACEY LLOYD 2016
THE AUTHOR WORLD WAR II
GOLDING &
BACKGROUND INFORMATION & CONTEXT William Golding was a British writer,
schoolmaster, lecturer, actor, sailor,
and musician. He was born on
Golding joined the Royal Navy in 1940
and spent six years afloat, except for
seven months in New York and six
September 19, 1911, in Cornwall, months helping Lord Cherwell at the
England. Although he always wanted Naval Research Establishment. He
to be an author (he even tried to write saw action against battleships (at the
a novel at the age of 12), his parents forced him to sinking of the Bismarck), submarines
study science. Golding followed his parents’ wishes and aircraft. He finished the war as
and studied Natural Sciences at Oxford. However, Lieutenant in command of a rocket
after two years he switched to English Literature. ship. He was present off the French
After graduating, Golding worked briefly as a theater coast for the D-Day invasion, and later
actor and director, wrote poetry, and then became at the island of Walcheren. After the
a schoolteacher. In 1940, a year after England war, Golding resumed teaching and
entered World War II, Golding joined the Royal Navy, started to write novels,
where he served in command of a rocket-launcher. and published Lord
After the war he returned to teaching, and began to of the Flies
write again. He died in 1993 at the age of 81. in 1954.
When Lord of the Flies was published

in the early 1950s Britain was living in
EXT
shadow of the horrors of World War the

Two. Indeed, Golding’s experience in
war had a profound effect on his view the
of humanity and the evils of which it was
capable. Golding was revolted by the
ONT
evil things people did to each other in

war; The Nazi concentration camps, the the
Japanese treatment of their prisoners,
the atomic bombing against civilians
- even his own actions as a naval offi
cer.
C
Golding began to see all human nature

as savage and unforgiving: he had see
that even the good could be corrupted n
L
. After the war the United Nations was

A
set up to try to ensure that such a glob

al conflict never happened again, but
by
C
1954, when Lord of the Flies was publish

ed, it was the early years of the Cold Wa
I
and the threat of a Third World War was r

R
very real. Many countries had built up

arsenals of nuclear weapons with enough
O
atomic energy to destroy civilizations.

The fact that the events in Lord of the
HIST
Flies take place against the backdrop

nuclear war is not merely a coincidence of
.
LORD OF THE FLIES AS AN ALLEGORY

In literature, writers often use allegory, to convey their ideas. An allegory is a literary device
which conveys meaning through symbols, actions, and even characters. In the Lord of the
Flies, the setting, the characters, and even some of the symbols
serve to convey feelings about leadership, order, civilization,
control, and culture. One should bear this in mind when reading the
novel, and continually ask the question, “What deeper comment is
Golding making about society and humanity?”
1 © STACEY LLOYD 2016

WHY DID GOLDING WRITE LORD OF THE FLIES?
“ It was simply what seemed sensible for me to write after the war
when everyone was thanking God they weren’t Nazis. I’d seen
enough to realize that every single one of us could be Nazis.
”
- William Golding
1. Explain how Golding’s own life experiences influenced his writing. You must be specific.
Golding actively fought in the Second World War. Therefore, he would have seen firsthand the evil, violence and
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
destruction which was enacted by man (himself included). Therefore, these experiences clearly influenced his world-
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
view and writing.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Read the quotation above which explains why Golding wrote Lord of the Flies. Now explain in your own
words what Golding meant.
What Golding is saying is that although many good people pride themselves on not being evil, or committing
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
heinous crimes (such as the atrocities of the Nazis did during WWII), the fact is that many of those 'evil' soldiers
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
might have started out thinking that way. The reality is, according to Golding, that the potential for evil exists
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
within every single one of us; given the right circumstances, many of could be capable of terrible things.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. When and where was Golding born? How might this have influenced him?
Golding was born in 1911, in England. This would have meant that he lived through both world wars, and even
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
the thread of a third (the Cold War). Hence he would have seen the harsh effects of war, and what it does to
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
society.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. In your own words, what is allegory?

(STUDENT'S OWN WORDS)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Lord of the Flies is largely about human nature. Do you believe that man is inherently good or evil? You
must explain your opinion fully.
(STUDENT'S OPINION CLEARLY ARTICULATED)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
© STACEY LLOYD 2016 2

GOOD OR EVIL?
Read each of the quotations below, and then discuss them with a partner. Do you agree or
disagree? You must give an explanation of your opinion.
QUOTATION AGREE OR
DISAGREE EXPLAIN / GIVE A REASON
“Man’s nature is not
essentially evil. Brute nature
has been known to yield to
the influence of love. You
must never despair of human
nature.”
– Mahatma Ghandi
n
“Man is the cruelest animal.”
- Friedrich Nietzsche
One of the main themes explored in Lord of the Flies is the idea that we all have the potential
for good, and we all have the potential for evil within us. Do you agree with this notion?
inio
“The world is a dangerous
place to live, not because of
the people who are evil, but
Op
because of the people who
don’t do anything about it.”
- Albert Einstein
“In spite of everything I still

nal
believe that people are really
good at heart.”
- Anne Frank
rso
“In each of us, two natures

are at war – the good and
the evil. All our lives the fight
goes on between them, and
one of them must conquer.
But in our own hands lies the
power to choose – what we
Pe
want most to be we are.”

- Robert Louis Stevenson
“The conscience of children
is formed by the influences
that surround them; their
notions of good and evil
are the result of the moral
atmosphere they breathe.”
- Jean Paul Richter
“The line between good and
evil is permeable and almost
anyone can be induced to
cross it when pressured by
situational forces.”
- Phillip Zimbardo
While on an international school trip, your plane crashes
onto a deserted tropical island. All adults are dead, and
SURVIVAL
ISLAND
you are now the oldest children in a group of about thirty.
It is up to you to lead the children and make decisions
about their safety and survival.
n
inio
Op
nal
rso
Pe

CHARACTER PROFILES JACK Physical description:
"Inside the floating cloak he was tall, thin,
Full name:
and bony; and his hair was red beneath
Jack Merridew the black cap. His face was crumpled and
freckled, and ugly without silliness. Out
Who is he? of this face stared two light blue eyes,
One of the bigguns (older boys); the choir leader - frustrated now, and turning, or ready to
A clear leader, who challenges Ralph's leadership. turn, to anger." (ch. 1)
His style of leadership:

How does he view the world?
He believes that hunting is more important than Leads by fear / Fosters rebellion /
rescue. He believes in the tradition, formal school Charismatic / Evil / Creates a dictatorship
structure of (unchallenged) authority and leadership.
What is important to him?

Hunting and killing pigs. Notes on his personality:
Authority and power. Often angry and defensive, Jack
shows jealousy towards Ralph and his
leadership. He displays aggressive
behavior and seems to thrive on violence,
Key events in the novel which relate to him:
- He loses the vote for chief to Ralph.
- He becomes the leader of the hunters. war and killing.
- Involved in the killing of Simon. Significance of his name:
- He leads a breakaway from Ralph's group. The Hebrew origin meaning of the name
full
- Orders the capture of the twins and the killing Jack is 'One who supplants' / Given two
of Ralph names to show his pompous nature
How he relates to Ralph: How he relates to everyone else:
He is jealous that Ralph is voted as leader; and He doesn't care much for the littluns, and
thus resents him for this. He seems to get along treats them poorly. He cares about his
with Ralph to begin with; there is some respect hunters, but only in so much as they show
there. However, as things progress he regularly him respect and he can order them about.
challenges Ralph's leadership, and eventually He uses fear of the beastie to manipulate the
even orders his killing. other boys.
tation: Important quotation:

Important quo
o n v e y th e c o m pulsion to track
Jack "tried to c w in g h im up." (ch. 3)
Jack "began to dance and his laughter became a
t wa s s w a llo
down and kill tha bloodthirsty snarling." (ch. 4)
:
ANY OTHER NOTES

RALPH
CHARACTER PROFILES
Full name:
Ralph (surname unknown) Physical description:
"The boy with fair hair..." / "...his
size, and attractive
appearance" / "He was old enough
Who is he? , twelve years
and a few months, to have lost the
prominent
One of the bigguns (older boys); a charismatic tummy of childhood and not yet
old enough for
leader who is voted as chief. adolescence to have made him
awkward. You could
see now that he might make a box
er, as far as width
and heaviness of shoulders went,
but there was a
mildness about his mouth and eye
How does he view the world? s that proclaimed
no devil." (ch. 1)
Ralph believes that they will be rescued. He
believes in the value of rules and order and tries to Significance of his name:
treat the boys well. His name means 'counsel'. However, by
calling him 'the fair one' in his introduction,
What is important to him?
we immediately think of him as the just,
Keeping the signal fire burning righteous one.
Caring for the boys' wellbeing
Building shelters Ralph is the 'good' guy on the island,
Notes on his personality:

Getting rescued
and arguably the most likeable character
Key events in the novel which relate to him: in the novel. He holds to his beliefs
- He finds the conch and calls the first meeting
and tries to treat the boys well, always
- He is voted as chief and becomes the leader
- He tries to organize the rescue of the boys fighting for their rescue. Even to the very
- He fights with Jack and gets left vulnerable end, Ralph doesn't give into his savage
- He is hunted & almost killed by Jack & his savages nature.
How he relates to Jack: How he relates to everyone else:

At first, Ralph seems to get along with Jack; Ralph cares about the welfare of the boys, and
there is some respect there. However, as things tries to ensure their survival and rescue. He speaks
progress, Jack regularly challenges Ralph's kindly to the littluns and tries to expell their fears and
leadership, and Ralph resents this. He tries to anxieties.
make peace with Jack, but to no avail.
Important quotation:
Important quotation:
"Ralph too was fighting to get near, to get "Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness
a handful of that brown, vulnerable flesh. of man's heart, and the fall through the air of the true,
The desire to squeeze and hurt was over- wise friend called Piggy." (ch. 12)
mastering." (ch. 7)
His style of leadership:
Ralph tries to lead in a civilized, organized manner. He
is diplomatic and a strong leader. He
shows initiative, responsibility and courage.
ANY OTHER NOTES:

CHARACTER PROFILES Who is he?
Simon is one of the bigguns who often shows
Key events related to the plot:
- Simon takes himself off to the forest alone.
SIMON wise, mature insight. He is key to the plot as he - He has a fit in the forest.
is killed by the other boys. - Simon encounters the Lord of the Flies, and
has the revelation about fear and its symbolism.
Physical description: - He understands what the others don't and sees
"...he was a skinny, vivid little boy, with a glance the truth of the parachute man.
coming up from under a hut of straight hair that - He is tragically and brutally murdered by the
hung down, black and coarse." (ch. 1) " / "He other boys.
was a small, skinny boy, his chin pointed, and his
eyes so bright..." (ch.3) What he represents/symbolizes:
Personality: Simon represents man's innate goodness
Simon is quiet and shy; he struggles to speak and saintliness. He is often seen as a christ-
up in public. However, although reserved, and like figure who is murdered by the evilness of
seen as weird by the other boys, he is the most man.
insightful, wise and mature of them. He is quite
philosophical and understands deep issues.
Important Quotations:
"He's queer. He's funny." / "He's cracked." (ch. 3)
"Simon became inarticulate in his effort to express mankind's essential illness." (ch. 5)
" Softly, surrounded by a fringe of inquisitive bright creatures, itself a silver shape
beneath the steadfast constellations, Simon's dead body moved out toward the
How others see him:
Who is he? sing him.
One of the main characters, the They make fun of him, and enjoy tea as.
ide
bigguns. He is physically the They don't respect his intelligence or
d enjoy
weakest, by arguably the most They refuse to take him seriously an
clever. making him a joke.
Physical description:
the fair Key events related to the plot:
"the fat boy" / " He was shorter than - One of the first characters introduce
d.
boy and very fat." (ch. 1) - His glasses are vital to starting the
fire.
appear - He remains loyal to Ralph.
Wears glasses and his hair doesn't -He is left vulnerable when his glasse
s are
PIGGY
to grow; it stays short. stolen by Jack, and is murdered.

Personality:
of his name:
t his Comment on the significance
He whines and complains a lot (abou ich
asthma and the way he is treated).
He often We never learn his actual name, wh
t) is his
has the most intelligent ideas, but he
refuses to emphasizes that his weakness (weigh by the
seen
adapt to life on the island. most prominent feature - how he is
others.
Important Quotations: sses back. Awful

't see no more and I got to get my gla
"I just take the conch to say this. I can r got
don e on this isla nd. I vot ed for you for chief. He's the only one who eve
things has been
Ralph, and tell us what." (ch. 11)
anything done. So now you speak,

CHARACTER PROFILES
How others see him:
Who is he?
As he is so quiet, the others barely notice
One of the bigguns who follows Jack. He is
ROGER
him for most of the novel. However,
one of the most nasty boys on the island, who
towards the end, his evil and violent side
enjoys the hunting and killing.
appears. The twins seem even more afraid
Physical description: of him than Jack - they seen to see his
"The dark boy" / " He was not noticeably darker than Key events related to the plot:
when he had dropped in, but the shock of black hair,
- He instigates things; is the first one to call
down his nape and low on his forehead, seemed to suit
his gloomy face and made what had seemed at first an for a vote.
unsociable remoteness into something forbidding." (ch. - The incident with the stone-throwing.
4) - Joins Jack's tribe. Kills Piggy.
Personality:
"...a slight, furtive boy whom no one knew,
What he symbolizes/represents:
whokept to himself with an inner intensity of The carnal, animalistic nature. He is arguably
avoidance and secrecy." (ch. 1) the most violent and evil of the boys.
" Roger edged past the chief, only just avoiding pushing him with his shoulder. The yelling
ceased, and Samneric lay looking up in quiet terror. Roger advanced upon them as one
wielding a nameless authority." (ch. 11)
Who are they? How others see them:

Sam and Eric are identical twins wh They see the twins are seen as one
o are part being.
of the group of bigguns. They functio Ralph relies on them for their loyalty
SAMNERIC
n as , but also
almost one being. gets frustrated with them when they
don't follow
through with their tasks.
Physical description:
"The two boys, bullet-headed and with
hair like tow,
flung themselves down and lay grin Key events related to the plot:
ning and panting
at Ralph like dogs. They were twins, - They see the parachute man first an
and
shocked and incredulous at such che the eye was d identify
ery
They breathed together, they grinned duplication. him as the beastie.
together, they
were chunky and vital." (ch. 1) - They stick with Ralph and refuse to
join Jack's
Personalities: tribe.
The twins are playful and childlike. Th - They are captured by Jack's savag
ey follow es.
the chief and are loyal to Ralph. They - They warn Ralph about the plot to
try to kill him.
hold out against savage-behavior un
till the very
end.
" But they could never manage to do
thin
" Samneric protested out of the heart gs sensibly if that meant acting independently" (ch. 6)
of civilization, 'Oh, I say! - honestly!"
(ch. 11)

1
GLOSSARY
Jot down the main events of
creepers (n.): Plants that grow along the ground.
CHAPTER ONE stockings (n.): Long socks
> We see that the boys have crashed on garter (n.): Band worn around the leg to keep stockings up
a deserted island.
matins (n.): Church service of morning prayer
ONE
> Ralph and Piggy are introduced, and precentor (n.): A person who leads a choir
they discover the conch shell. Gib., Addis (n.): Gibraltar & Addis - islands the plane stopped on
> They call a meeting and we meet all
Chapter
the other boys.

THE SCENERY
Phrases which describe

> Jack and Ralph vie for leadership and "creepers and broken trunks"
IF THIS CHAPTER WERE A

COLOR, IT WOULD BE...
Creative Exercise
Ralph is voted as chief. "the long scar smashed into the jungle"
> Rules are set down for survival and "The shore was fledged with palm trees."
because...
rescue. "a bank covered with coarse grass"
> Jack is put in charge of the choir boys, "decaying coconuts and palm saplings"
who are designated
ill-omened talk as the hunters.
"the open sea was dark blue"
> Jack is unsuccessful in killing a pig. " the lagoon was still as a mountain lake"
"green shadows from the palms and the
This is a metaphor - the comparision to a scar

Identify and
explain the
TECHNIQUE
FIGURATIVE
LANGUAGE
What is the
‘SCAR’ often
mentioned
in chapter 1?
The mark in the jungle made

used here.
by the crashing of the plane. (which is a mark made by a injury) emphasizes the
destructive, violent effects of the plane crash.
WORDS USED TO DESCRIBE

RALPH
ralph
"attractive"
PIGGY
piggy "tall" JACKjack "thin"
"fair" "boxer" "fat" "asthma" "bony" "frustrated"
"golden body" "plump" "ugly"
"twelve years" "hair was red"
"grunts"
"bright, excited eyes" "ill-omened talk" "without silliness"
"light blue eyes"
FIND OUT THE MEANING OF THESE SLANG WORDS/PHRASES:
sucks to What are your first impressions of JACK?
Forget your aunty
your auntie
ion
wacco Excellent (a phrase of approval) p i n
's O
wizard Excellent (a phrase of approval) d ent
smashing Outstandingly good
Stu
In what ways are Ralph and Piggy different?
What is the use of the conch?
SYMBOLISM
Physically they are alomost opposites: Ralph is Ralph (at the behest of Piggy) blows
thin, althletic and tanned; Piggy is fat, weak and though it to make a trumpeting noise to
call a meeting. Boy can also only speak
pale. when holding it.
In character, they are also very different: Piggy
What does it symbolize?
is chatty, intelligent and a realist; Ralph is
quieter and more optimistic. Rules, order and civiliztion

1
Who makes the first He suggests calling a meeting of all Good decisions in your opinion? Why or why not?
What are they?

leadership decisions?
the boys and making a list of names. Student's Opinion
Piggy This shows ledership and a sense of
responsibility.
Chapter
WHO SHOULD BE CHIEF?
What are Jack’s reasons for why he should be Do you think these are valid reasons?
Who do you think should be chief?

chief? Why or why not?
He is the chapter chorister
Student's Opinion
The first two reasons seem valid as they
He is head boy show responsibility and leadership, but
He can sing a c sharp the fact that he can sing a certain note is
just irrelevant.
ONE
What the reasons given for why Ralph is Do you think these are valid reasons?
voted chief? Why or why not?
He possesses a certain 'stillness' Not entirely, as they seem based purely
His size, and athletic appearance appearance. However, the conch
The fact that he has the conch represents power and control, which enstills
confidence, & that's important in a leader.
How did the boys come to be on the island? IMAGINE THAT PIGGY HAD FACEBOOK
They were in an evacuation plane (from a
nuclear war zone) which crash landed.
Write his status at the end of the first day:
A quotation which illustrates this:
“ Didn't you hear what the pilot

said? About the atom bomb?
They're all dead.
Creative Exercise
”
?
Questions you have about the characters or plot at this stage:
1.
Creative Exercise
2.
3.
Will the boys be rescued? If so, how? If not, what will happen?
What are your first impressions
OF THE NOVEL?
MAKING PREDICTIONS
Student's Opinion
Will Ralph remain chief? Will everyone get along? Explain.
in ion
p
nt 's O
d e
S tu If someone is to die, who will it be and how?
Writing Write 3 short diary entries at the end of the first day on the island, one for each
of the following characters: Jack, Piggy & Ralph. You should try to capture their
PROMPT different perspectives and voices.
11
1
ONE
1. Why are we not given the names of the boys at the start of the novel?
Review Questions
By using descriptions instead of names, distinguishing characteristics of the boys are established: in the mind of the
reader, Ralph is painted as just, and good ('the fair one') and Piggy's weaknesses are emphasized ('the fat one').
2. How does the language in the opening paragraphs hint at the strangeness and terror of the island?
Everything seems ominous. We read about the bird's 'witch-like cry', 'the darkness of the forest', the 'scar' across
Chapter
the island, and the 'skull-like coconuts'. These are just some examples of how Golding presents nature and the
landscape as being frightening and threatening.
3. Between Ralph and Piggy, who is more intelligent? Give a reason for your answer.
It is difficult to say for sure at this stage, but Piggy certainly shows more sense in his suggestion of organization.
Similarly, when they are discussing the issue of rescue, Ralph comes across as being very child-like in his optimism,
whereas Piggy seems more grown-up in his realistic understanding of the situation.
4. Why doesn’t Piggy ask for the names of the choirboys?

He was too intimidated by Jack; he looses his confidence and becomes insecure. It says: "Piggy asked no names.
He was intimidated by this uniformed superiority and the offhand authority in Merridew's voice."
5. Why do you think that Piggy isn’t even considered as chief?

(OPINION-BASED). It is strange that he is not considered, as it does say that "what intelligence had been shown
was traceable to Piggy". However, he is probably not even considered because of his physical appearance. The
boys have not got to know each other yet, and so all they have to judge by is looks and first impressions, and Piggy
doesn't 'look' as impressive as the other two.
6. How do we know that Piggy didn’t want to vote for Ralph? Why wouldn’t he?
Piggy's raising of his hand to vote for Ralph is described as being done "grudgingly". This may be because he was
not even considered for the role of chief and so he is upset, but it is more likely because he is mad with Ralph for
having told everyone that his name is 'Piggy' when he specifically asked him not to.
7. Explain two examples of how Ralph shows leadership skills once he has been made chief:
Ralph displays leadership traits when he gives Jack responsibility for the hunters; he sees that Jack needs to be given
responsibility for something after he was rejected as chief. Similarly, Ralph shows leadership when he acknowledges
Piggy's hurt and tires to make him feel better by speaking to him "with the directness of genuine leadership". Also,
he is a good leader in the way he gives Piggy a role to play of collecting names, which gives Piggy a purpose.
8. Why is Jack unable to stab the piglet at the end of the chapter?
Just as Jack is about to stab the pig, it says that he pauses and that "the pause was only long enough for them to
understand what an enormity the downward stroke would be." What is meant by this, is that the boys realize that by
stabbing the pig there would be a huge amount of blood spilt and that would be symbolic of the shift out of civilization
and into barbarism (an important theme in the novel).
> Ralph calls another meeting & reminds

the boys of their responsibilities.
CHAPTER TWO caps of
maintenance (n.):Caps with the school's logo
altos (n.):Boys who sing in the vocal range above tenor
GLOSSARY
Chapter
> Jack explains the need for hunters. trebles (n.):Boys who sing the highest part
> Rules of the conch are established. List the ways Ralph tries to instill a sense of order:
> The possibility of the 'beastie' is
discussed. He tasks a particular goup (Jack and his choirboys) with hunting
> The boys decide to make a signal fire - for meat to eat.
they use Piggy's spectacles.
TWO
He instills order in the meeting by saying the boys can only talk
> The fire goes out of control and engulfs when holding the conch shell.
the island.
> The boy with the mulberry-coloured He orders the making of a signal fire, to ensure their rescue.
birthmark apparently dies in the fire.
“WE’VE GOT LOOK UP AND EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING ALLUSIONS:

AFTER ALL,
WE’RE NOT
SAVAGES.
Treasure A novel by Robert Louis Stevenson about a

Who suggests that
they may never be
TO HAVE Island pirate on an Island looking for buried gold
RULES
rescued?
Piggy
Swallows and A series of novels by Arthur Ransome,

about schoolboys who go on sailing trips
& OBEY
Amazons
A novel by R. M. Ballantyne about teenage

THEM. Coral Island boys marooned on a South Pacific Island
In your opinion, Piggy is: ” A SIMILE in this chapter:

LANGUAGE
FIGURATIVE
£ hot-headed "One patch touched a tree trunk and scrambled up like a

(tick all that apply)
£ kind and thoughtful bright squirrel."

£ even-tempered
A METAPHOR in this chapter:
£ intelligent
£ just insecure "...the breeze was a river of sparks."
£ a clear leader
£ annoying An example of PERSONIFICATION in this chapter:
"Small flames stirred at the trunk of a tree and crawled
n
inio away through leaves..."
YOUR CHOICE:
REASONS FOR
O p
nt's
If Roger were an
DRAW A SYMBOL TO REPRESENT THE BOYS’ “TRIBE”
d e animal, he would be...
Stu Creative Exercise

"'I got the conch,' said Piggy, in a hurt voice. 'I got a
JACK RALPH PIGGY
FIND A QUOTE FROM CHAPTER 2
ABOUT EACH OF THE FOLLOWING:
right to speak.'"
ise
Ex erc
i v e
"All at once he found he could talk fluently and at
explain what he had to say. He passed a hand Cre
through his fair hair and spoke."
"Jack slammed his knife into a trunk and looked
round challengingly."

2 focusing on
WHAT IS THE
PURPOSE OF
HOW DOES THE FIRE BECOME UNCONTROLLABLE?

WHOSE IDEA
As a rescue plan: to
and burn.
clearly didn't understand how the fire would grow
add too much wood. They were irresponsible and
The boys become far too excited about the fire and
THE FIRE
THE FIRE?
WAS THE
FIRE?
create a smoke signal Ralph's Idea
for passing ships.
TWO
HOW DO THE BOYS START THE FIRE? WHAT DO THEY NEED TO KEEP IT BURNING?
They use Piggy's glasses as a magnifying Boys to keep watch of it, and feed it with
glass to burn kindling. fresh wood.
What do these similes indicate about the fire?

Chapter
WHICH TWO ANIMALS?
THE FLAMES & SMOKE
ARE COMPARED TO
Squirrel That it is like a creature with it's own will and agency - as
though it is deliberately (and quickly) moving though the
Jaguar forest like a stealthy animal.
“
Beneath the dark canopy of leaves and smoke the fire laid hold on the
DESCRIBE THE
A QUOTE TO
forest and began to gnaw. Acres of black and yellow smoke rolled steadily
FIRE:
”
toward the sea.
used to describe the burning EXPLAIN WHAT GREATER THEME OF THE NOVEL
VERBS
THE FIRE SYMBOLIZES:

'gnaw' 'stirred'
'crawled' The fire works symbolically in two contrasting
'scrambled' symbols: both as a symbol of the boys' desire
'leapt' for rescue, as well as a symbol of the
'rolled' 'crept'
violence and destruction of the island.
Make notes, mind map or write key words on how these themes are explored in this chapter:
Order & Civilization Leadership Fear
KEY THEMES
- Ralph wants to return to - Although Ralph is the leader he - All of the boys are starting
civilization; he focuses on has little power (apart from the to feel the effects of fear. The
building shelters & keeping the authority of the conch) to control littluns certainly are (crying in the
fire lit. the boys and make them work night), but even Jack admits to
- Jack is drawing away from the together for the good of their little feeling a frightening presence in
civilized world. This is seen when society. the forest.
he "had to think a moment before - Jack and Ralph fight over what - Simon doesn't seem to feel the
he could remember what rescue the priority should be; Jack is same fear of the depths of the
was". He is becoming more challenging Ralph's leadership. forest as the other boys do.
savage. He wants not only to
hunt but also to kill.
notes or doodling:
Space for extra
Creative Exercise
Writing Imagine that you are Piggy. Write a letter home to your aunt to explain what has
PROMPT happened: your thoughts and fears, as well as your predictions for the future.
Review Questions
1. This chapter is called ‘Fire on the Mountain’ - why is this significant?
This is the main event of the chapter - it was Ralph's clever idea for his plan for rescue, but unfortunately it gets
2
Chapter
completely out of control and covers much of the mountain.
2. Explain Jack and Ralph’s reactions to the mention of the ‘beastie’ by the boy with the mulberry-
coloured birthmark?
Ralph just denies it and says that there is no such thing - he even says "but there isn't a beastie" multiple times.
Conversely, Jack vows to hunt and kill it.
TWO
3. What do these different reactions tell us about their different leadership styles?
These different reactions show a clear difference in their personalities and leadership styles: Ralph is most
interested in maintaining order and keeping the boys calm, while they try to be rescued. Jack however wants to
exert his power (and ability to hunt and kill) to impress the boys and further his own agenda.
4. What is Ralph’s plan for rescue?

Ralph's plan is to start a signal fire in case there are passing boats, which could rescue them. The hope is that
the boats would see the smoke from the fire and know that they are there.
5. Do you think that his plan of Ralph’s is a good one? Why or why not?
(OPINION-BASED)
6. When the fire gets out of control on the island, how do the boys react?
When the fire becomes dangerously and destructively out of control, we are told that: "All the boys except Piggy
started to giggle" - This shows their immaturity, whilst at the same time illustratings Piggy's maturity and his
understanding of the severity of the situation.
7. Piggy is clearly intelligent and has good ideas; why don’t the boys look to him as a leader?
They boys don't choose Piggy to be their leader because of his appearance. Compared with Ralph and Jack, he
doesn't look like a strong leader physically - they boys make their decision based on looks. We even see this in
the way that Piggy suggests things (such as suggesting they find a way to improve their chances of rescue) and
the boys don't seem to acknowledge it, but when Ralph suggests the same thing, they are quick to respond.
8. What happens at the end of the chapter, which is particularly horrifying? Why is to so terrifying?
The boy with the mulberry-coloured birthmark is missing. This is a horrifying realisation as it means that he most
likely died in the fire. It is the first death on the island, and shows the sheer danger which exisits.

3 CHAPTER THREE
Jot down the main events of "His sandy hair, GLOSSARY
which shows that a lot

of time has passed:
vicissitudes (n.): Changes in circumstance or fortune

> Ralph complains about the shelter-building, and he and considerably longer than
crackers (adj.): (slang) Crazy or insane

Jack fight over priorities and responsibilities - Hunting vs. it had been when they
queer (adj.): Different from what is usual; odd or strange
batty (adj.): (slang) Crazy or eccentric

dropped in, was lighter
A Quotation
Rescue.
THREE
now; and his bare back
> Simon picks fruit for the littluns, and then crawls away
was a mass of dark
alone to a clearing deep in the forest. freckles and peeling
3
How do the boys collect water?
2 ANIMALS
Jack is compared to while

ACTIVITIES
Chapter
hunting:
They leave out empty coconuts THE LITTLEUNS
Dog ("dog-like") shells to collect the rain water. SPEND THEIR TIME ON:
Work
Monkey ("ape-like)
Play
Food
A quote to show that Ralph is not

“THE MADNESS CAME INTO HIS EYES.”
“ pleased with the shelter building: What prompts this ‘madness’?

He starts talking about his hunt, and
Who is being described?
Ralph surveyed the wreck the possibility of a kill.

with distaste.
Jack
What exactly is this ‘madness’?
” It is a bloodthirsty, animalistic desire
“OFTHEYEXPERIENCE
to hunt and kill.
UNABLE TO COMMUNICATE.
he is so unhappy:
The reason why
The boys are not

supporting his efforts and
WALKED ALONG, TWO CONTINENTS

doing their part in the What does Jack think is following him in the forest?
building of the shelters.
A beast (of some unknown description)
What do Jack and Ralph argue What does Jack think will make him a better hunter?
about in this chapter?
What their priorities should be: Ralph If he paints his face as a camouflage
argues that they should put their
energy into the signal fire, and the AND FEELING,
Who is your favorite character so far and why?
building of shelters; Jack thinks that

hunting is more of a pressing need.
Who would you agree
with and why?
Student's io n
pin
”
Opinion O
's
d ent
Stu

SIMON
3
A quote about how the other boys see him: Physical appearance:
Let’s take a closer look at

"He's queer. He's funny." "He was a small, skinny boy, his chin pointed,
and his eyes so bright ...The coarse mop of
black hair was long and swung down, almost
concealing a low, broad forehead."
Chapter
Is Simon afraid of the forest?
If Simon were an animal, he would be...
Simon is quiet and Give evidence to support your answer.
How is he different from the others?

keeps to himself No, he is not. He seems
which sets him to enjoy being in the forest
Because... apart. Unlike the alone - "Then he turned his
back on this and walked
Creative other boys, he is not into the forest with an air of
THREE
afraid of the forest, purpose."
and often ventures
into it alone.
“ Then, amid the roar of bees in the afternoon sunlight, Simon found for them the fruit they could not reach, pulled
”
off the choicest from up in the foliage, passed them back down to the endless, outstretched hands.
What do we learn about Simon from this?

CLOSE
READING
This action by Simon clearly illustrates his kind, and giving nature. Many of the other bigguns seem
to have little time for the younger boys, yet Simon here shows that he takes the time to help them.
Review Questions
1. Explain how we see Jack and Ralph’s differing priorities in this chapter.
Jack clearly prioritises hunting and getting meat. He even has an almost bloodthirsty approach to the task.
Conversely, Ralph's main priority is the building of shelters (to protect the boys from rain and their fears of the
beastie), and the signal fire for rescue.
2. How can we see that fear is starting to creep in amongst the boys? What are they afraid of?
Ralph says that the boys talk and scream in the night - that they are having nightmares. They are clearly afraid of
what lurks in the jungle, especially the thought of the 'beastie'. However, nobody talks about it or even mentions it
anymore, although they clearly feel it.
3. Do you think that Ralph’s frustrations with the other boys is justified? Explain why or why not.
Ralph is irritated with them because they are not committed to the building of shelters or even to the hunting.
They seem to have a very short attention span, and end up drifting off to go swimming.
(Whether or not it is justified is OPINION BASED)
4. Why do you think that Simon ventures off into the forest at the end of the chapter?
The reason that he goes into the forest is unclear, especially after they were just talking about the fear they feel
about the forest. However, he does seem to be escaping from the rest of the boys, finding some solace and
silence of his own.

4
The pace of DAILY LIFE
CHAPTER FOUR
> Roger knocks down the littluns sand Morning Midday Evening
castles, and throws stones at Henry. activities: activities: activities:
The boys spend the The boys retreat to The boys sleep
> Jack introduces the idea of using
morning playing and sleep in the shade as restlessly in the
face paint to disguise themselves.
FOUR
enjoying the island. it is so hot. shelters, often having
> A ship is spotted on the horizon, but nightmares.
tragically the signal fire has gone mood: mood: mood:
out and there is no smoke. Hopeful / Pleasant Odd / Mysterious Frightened /
Menacing
Chapter
> Ralph is angry as Jack's hunters

have let the fire go out - they fight.
> Jack's hunters return triumphantly
Who is PERCIVALand what
happens to him?
with a pig they managed to kill. Percival is one of the littluns. He has a
mental break and goes crazy; he stays
> Piggy's glasses are broken by Jack in one of the shelters for two whole days, GLOSSARY
punching him.
impalpable (adj.): Unable to be felt by touch

belligerence (n.): Aggressive or war-like behavior
singing and crying out. The illustrates the
ravenous (adj.): Extremely hungry

> The boys make the fire again & underlying negative effects that are at play
blatant (adj.): Done openly an unashamedly

myriad (n.): A countless or extremely great number
feast on the pig - also reenact the on the island.
hunt.
why the littluns obey the call of the conch:
Which three littluns are playing on the beach?
2 REASONS
Ralph, who they respect, blows it

Percival Henry Johnny
They find the assemblies entertaining
The stone throwing incident
What is Henry doing when Roger comes upon him? What does Roger do to bother Henry?
Poking at the sea creatures in the water Throws stones around him
Why do you think he does this?
Henry’s mood in
ONE WORD: Absorbed / Fascinated He wants to push the boundaries. He is a bully.
“ Yet there was a space round Henry, perhaps six yards in diameter, into which
he dare not throw.
Find a quotation which explains why Henry doesn’t dare throw the stones at Henry: ”
Which greater
THEME
does this
relate to?
“ Round the squatting child was the protection of parents

and school and policemen and the law. Roger's arm was
Savagery vs.
Civilization
”
conditioned by a civilization that knew nothing of him and was
PAINTED FACES
painted faces
Why does Jack start using face paint?
A QUOTE ABOUT THE EFFECT 3 COLORS
JACK USES:
He thinks that it will make them better hunters - Black

LET’S THINK ABOUT
Creative Exercise the pigs won't see them coming. Red

Draw and label a sketch of how Jack paints his face:
White
moths
“
“—like on a tree trunk.”
THE MASK HAS ON JACK:
(fill in the blank)
Figurative technique used: simile ...the mask was a thing on its

own, behind which Jack hid,
Include a quoted word as evidence:
liberated from shame and
HOW DO THE
BOYS REACT?
They are shocked at first: the mask "drew self-consciousness.

their eyes and appalled them".

”
“The fire was dead.”
Why is this horrifying?
It is horrifying because a ship was
passing, and so they were close to
rescue, but as the fire was dead, the boat
THE HUNTER’S CHANT:
“ Kill the beast. Cut her throat. Spill her blood.
”
4
Chapter
Piggy is considered an OUTSIDER:
5 REASONS GIVEN WHY

won't know that they are there.
His accent
How does the sentence length effect tone here?
The brevity of this sentence emphasizes The fact that he is overweight
the shock and simple horror of the
Weakness of his asthma
situation, and creates a serious tone of
horror. His poor eyesight
Who gives Piggy meat?
FOUR
Whose fault is this? His disinclination for manual labor
Jack and his hunters Simon
What happens to Piggy’s glasses?
What does this
Ralph and Piggy turn on Jack and accuse show us about his
him of being the reason the fire went out. personality?
The feeling of killing the pig is compared to:
Jack doesn't dare attack Ralph, so he That he is kind and
£ eating a full satisfying meal
£ winning a challenging game of football lashes out at Piggy and punches him, thoughtful towards all of
£ swatting a pesky fly causing his glasses to fly off and break. the boys - even Piggy.
P£ drinking a long satisfying drink
£ collapsing into a bed of feathers
£ drinking a horrifying potion
Review Questions
1. How have the boys found a rhythm and pattern of life on the island?
There is a sort of rhythem to life on the island, often determined by the heat and time of day. Morning is very
pleasant and the boys spend it playing and enjoying life on the island. Then noon is extremely hot and so the
boys retreat into the shade to sleep. As evening approaches, the darkness becomes menacing and frightening,
and when it becomes dark the boys retreat into the shelters to sleep restlessly.
2. Why does Roger throw stones around Henry but never at him?
The fact that Roger never hits Henry, shows us that he is "conditioned by a civilization that knew nothing of him
and was in ruins". The boys still seem ruled by the civilization which they were brought up in. The fact is, that he
could hit Henry if he wanted to - there are no adults to stop him or tell him off. But, he is still conditioned and ruled
by a moral compass. Indeed, Golding even writes: "Here, invisible yet strong, was the taboo of the old life."
3. How does Jack treat Piggy? You must give specific examples from the novel.
He is extremely nasty towards Piggy. He not only verbally abuses him (calling him "Fatty" and shouting at him),
but he also starts to physically abuse him and hits him and causes his glasses to break. Jack even shows
disdain towards Piggy by trying to not allow him any meat.
4. Do you think that Jack and Ralph will be able to work together again? Give a reason for your answer.
(OPINION-BASED; suggested answer) No; the tension between Jack and Ralph has been brewing for a while,
but this incident seems to have changed things drastically. Golding even writes: "Not even Ralph knew how a link
between him and Jack had been snapped and fastened elsewhere." - and now Ralph seems to be fastened to
Piggy instead of Jack.
5
GLOSSARY Jot down the main events of
apex (n.): The highest part or point of something
vivid (adj.): Producing clear feelings or images in the mind
CHAPTER FIVE
> Ralph calls another meeting & reminds
derisive (adj.): Expressing contempt or ridicule the boys of the importance of the fire.
lamentably (adv.): Unfortunate or regretable
FIVE
> The littluns are preoccupied with the
inarticulate (adj.): Unable to speak distinctly or express oneself Beast and their fear. There is a big
discussion on the existence of the
Notes on how Ralph has changed since being on the island: Beast.
Chapter
He has matured (he has been forced to), he even looks back on his "first > Jack challenges Ralph's authority and
enthusiastic exploration as though it were part of a brighter childhood". suitability as chief, and is starting to
We see that with the position of Chief, Ralph has had to take on more become more savage and devisive.
responsibility and has become more contemplative. He doesn't find the
> The assembly breaks up and the
island as fun and carefree as he first did; he now feels the weight of the hunters chant and dance.
problems they face as a group.
POINT QUOTATION
Find quotations from chapter 5 for each of the following points.
The society on the "The world, that understandable and lawful world, was slipping away."/
island is breaking "Things are breaking up. I don't understand why. We began well; we
down. were happy. And then-"
The boys are

"He moved the conch gently, looking beyond them at nothing, remembering
experiencing real
the beastie, the snake, the fire, the talk of fear."
fear.
"He gave a wild whoop and leapt down to the pale sand. At once the platform was
Jack leads the boys full of noise and excitement, scramblings, screams and laughter. The assembly
away from Ralph. shredded away and became a discursive and random scatter from the palms to the
water and away along the beach, beyond night-sight."
"Ralph answered in the cautious voice of one who rehearses a theorem.

The rules are very
'If I blow the conch and they don't come back; then we've had it. We shan't keep
important to Ralph
the fire going. We'll be like animals. We'll never be rescued.'"
"I'm scared of him,' said Piggy, 'and that's why I know him. If you're scared of
Piggy is afraid of someone you hate him but you can't stop thinking about him. You kid yourself
Jack. he's all right really, an' then when you see him again; it's like asthma an' you can't
breathe. I tell you what. He hates you too,"
The fire is important "The fire is the most important thing on the island. How can we ever be rescued
to Ralph. except by luck, if we don't keep a fire going? Is a fire too much for us to make?"
"If you don't blow, we'll soon be animals anyway. I can't see what they're doing but I
The boys are
can hear.' The dispersed figures had come together on the sand and were a dense
beginning to act like
animals.
black mass that revolved. They were chanting something and littluns that had had
enough were staggering away, howling."
5
A quote to show that Piggy is LIST OF COMPLAINTS
“ intelligent:
Piggy could think. He could go
step by step inside that fat head
that Ralph brings up at the assembly:
1 The boys are not bringing down water like they had agreed
of his, only Piggy was no chief. that they would.
Chapter
But Piggy, for all his ludicrous
2 They irresponsibly lost interest in building the shelters and
body, had brains.
” didn't see the project through.
What time of day does Ralph
choose for the meeting? 3 They agreed to use a designated spot for a toilet, but boys are
not respecting this.
Evening
FIVE
Evening, and approaching Who recognizes the true
WHY IS THIS SIGNIFICANT?
nature of the beast?

darkness is the time of day when
the boys feel the most anxious £ Ralph
3
and fearful. Therefore, holding the £ Jack
PHRASES WHICH
meeting at this time already puts P £ Simon
£ Nobody DESCRIBE THIS CHAPTER:
a dark cloud over the boys, and it Student's Opinion
is not surprising that the meeting £ Roger
doesn't go well, and breaks up. £ All of them
£ Percival
JACK AND RALPH TREAT THE LITTLUNS DIFFERENTLY. Explain this difference.
JACK
RALPH
Jack is short-tempered with the littluns. When they Ralph is accomodating, and fair. Ralph wants to
reveal their fears and anxieties, he just shouts at have an open dialogue about the fear which the
them and calls them names. He even goes so far as littuns experience. He acknowledges that even he
to tell them that it would serve them right if the beast has fear but they must all talk about it and deal with
did get them. it, trying to reassure them.
Evidence from the text:
“ Anyway, you don't hunt or build or help - you're a lot

of cry-babies and sissies. That's what. And as for
the fear - you'll have to put up with that like the rest
“ "We've got to talk about this fear and decide there's
nothing in it. I'm frightened myself, sometimes; only that's
nonsense! Like bogies. Then, when we've decided, we
of us. can start again and be careful about things like the fire."
NOTES OR DOODLING:
”
Imagine this chapter had a playlist to set the mood.
”
CHOOSE 5 SONGS THAT WOULD BE ON THAT LIST.
SPACE FOR EXTRA
a t ive e v e
Crexercis t
a ei
E Crexercis
E

5
FIVE
“THE WORLD, THAT
UNDERSTANDOARBLLDE,
AND L AWFUL W AY.
IMPORTANT QUOTATION
Explain what is meant by this quotation (and give specific examples).
One of the main themes of the novel is the concept of civilization versus
savagery. Therefore, this quotation speaks to this theme, and indicates
that the rules and order, the civilization is breaking down. The boys are
slowly giving over to their savage sides, and breaking away from the rules
WAS SLIPPING AW ” and order of civilization. For example: the fact that the boys are not going
to toilet in the right place, not keeping the signal fire burning, and are not
Chapter
completing the jobs they are given - all of these show how the boys are
slipping away from the civilization they know.
Review Questions
1. Reread the first paragraph of chapter 5. How has Ralph changed since being on the island?
He has matured (he has been forced to), has had to take on more responsibility and has become more
contemplative. Ralph doesn't find the island as fun and carefree as he first did; he now feels the weight of the
problems they face as a group.
2. Do you think that Ralph’s complaints raised at the assembly are justified? Explain why or why not.
(OPINION-BASED)
3. How do Ralph and Jack differ in the way that they talk to the littluns.
Ralph wants to have an open dialogue about the fear which the littuns experience. He acknowledges that even
he has fear but they must all talk about it and deal with it. Jack on the other hand, just shouts at the littleuns,
calling them "cry-babies and sissies", and tells them to just "put up with it". He even goes so far as to tell them
that it would serve them right if the beast did get them.
4. Why is Percival’s revelation that the beast comes from the sea, particularly frightening?
It is particularly frightening because the sea is an "unknown indigo of infinite possibility". They have dispelled the
idea the beast exists on the island as they have explored it and not come across it. But the idea that it comes out of
the vast ocean - which they have no way of exploring - is terrifying. Nobody can really prove that this is the case.
5. Why is keeping the fire burning so important to Ralph?

It is the most important thing to Ralph because it is their hope of rescue. However, more than that, the fire
becomes a symbol for order and civilization. Indeed it is their only possible link to the world of civilization. Ralph
is aware that if they let it stop burning, it means they they have given up their hope of resuce.
6. Do you think that Piggy’s fear of Jack is justified? Explain why or why not.
(OPINION-BASED)

Let’s take a moment to pause and think about one of the key themes: FEAR.
KEY THEME:
Discuss the topic with a friend before filling in the following.
WHAT IS
‘FEAR’? Fear is an unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that someone or something is dangerous, likely to
cause pain, or a threat, or it is a feeling of anxiety concerning the outcome of something or the safety
and well-being of someone.
Is the fear experienced by the boys justified? You must think of 3 reasons for ‘yes’ and 3 for ‘no’.
Yes, because... No, because...
Fear & the Beast

Student's Student's
Opinion Opinion
WHO SAYS THIS? DO YOU AGREE? WHY OR WHY NOT?

“We’ve got to talk about
this fear and decide there’s
nothing in it. I’m frightened Ralph
myself, sometimes; only
that’s nonsense!”
“The thing is - fear can’t

hurt you any more than a Jack
dream.”
i o n
p in
Simon 's O
“Maybe there is a beast.”
e n t
St ud
“[Life] is scientific, that’s
what it is ... I know there Piggy
isn’t no beast.”
“I know there isn’t no fear

either ... unless we get Piggy
frightened of people.”

6
SIX The main events of
CHAPTER SIX
> A dead parachuter falls down onto the island. The twins see this and mistakenly think it is the 'Beast'.
> Samneric share what they have seen and a meeting is called. The boys become afraid and Jack decides to
go and hunt for this unknown beast.
> Ralph, Jack and a group of hunter set out to find the Beast whilst Piggy stays on the beach with the littluns.
> Castle Rock is discovered and Jack argues that it would be a great fort.
“But a sign came down from the world of grown-ups.”

Chapter
What is this sign? How is it a sign? Why did it fall?

While the boys are sleeping, a Ralph had previously said: "If only
casualty of an overhead battle floats they could send us something He was in an plane
down to the island on his opened grown-up.. a sign or something." which was shot down
parachute. The wind drags the body - and then an actual grown up lands (there was an explosion
to the top of the mountain. on the island. in the sky).
BY CONTRAST, THE ISLAND IS THE WORLD OF
to describe the movement of
“
DESCRIBE OR DRAW WHAT THE TWINS THINK THEY SEE:
wood were like a fence.

the spears of sharpened
out, rather than in, and
began to change. It faced
of threats and the circle
The bright morning was full
THE FIGURE
VERBS USED
"dropping"
"fell" "crumpled" Creative Exercise

"flopped" "banged"
"bowed" "pulled"
"sank" "sat"
”
“The darkness was full of claws.
ANALYZING FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE TECHNIQUES
What causes this feeling?

”
indeed real and living in the forest.

seen the beast - the news that the beast is
The revalation from the twins that they have
Technique: Metaphor
This comparison shows that
THE EFFECT:
there is danger and the threat

of violence in the darkness.
“The leaves were roaring like the sea. “We don’t need the conch anymore.”
onomatopoeia ” Do you Explain your opinion:
Who says this?
Technique 1: agree?
Technique 2: simile Opinion-Based
Jack
£ Yes
The sounds come alive to
THE EFFECT:
£ No
the reader, making it more £ Not sure
descriptive and auditory.
GLOSSARY
exasperation (n.): A feeling of intense irritation or annoyance

Identify the figurative
incredulity (n.): being unwilling or unable to believe something

technique used:
diffidently (adv.): shy because of a lack of self-confidence

Simile
guano (n.): the excrement of seabirds

interminable (adj.): endless or apparently endless
mutinously (adv.): refusing to obey orders of a person in authority
The discovery of Castle Rock
Why do the boys venture to Castle Rock?
£ It is a hunting mission to look for a pig.
Opinions and Views of Castle Rock
6
Who do you agree with and why?

JACK’S RALPH’S
£ They want to get away from Piggy. Ralph sees all of the problems - the lack
P
£ They are searching for the beastie. of water, the fact that the fire is not there
Chapter
£ It is where the fire is located. etc. He wants to move away from it.
Opinion-Based
£ They are looking for a new campsite.
Piggy is left to look after the

Who babysits the
littluns and why?
littluns as he is not physically Jack immediately sees it as an

able enough or courageous to go opportunity to build a fort (always
hunting for the beast. thinking of war).
SIX
Writing
PROMPT
Imagine that the conch were an animate character. Write a few paragraphs
describing the meeting of the assembly, as though you were the conch, from
the conch’s perspective.
1. Why is this chapter called ‘Beasts From Air’?

Review Questions
It is so named because the figure (which is a 'beast' to the boys) falls from the 'air' - that is, from the sky. It is a
'beast' because it is unknown and frightens the boys. They misinterpret it as the beast of the forest.
2. The twins say that the beast had claws, and that it followed and nearly touched them. Is this true?
Explain why they say this.
We know that it is not true. However, their fear has distorted their experience and caused them to imagine these
things. They may well believe these things, because their fear made it very real for them. Also, they are young
boys and many young boys embellish their stories!
3. Do you think that Jack and Ralph have the same motive for hunting the beast? Explain fully.
No, they most probably don't. Ralph's motive for hunting the beast is so that they can be safe, and so that they
aren't prevented from accessing to the mountain to make the signal fire. Jack may also be concerned with safety,
but he seems more interested in tracking the beast for the hunt and the power of it; he sees this as an area in
which he can be in charge.
4. Why does Simon doubt the existence of the ‘beast’?

Simon is a realist and so he doesn't allow his fear to run away with him. He comes to the logical and rational
conclusion that the beast couldn't possibly exist because how could it live on the mountain but not leave tracks,
and be too slow to catch the twins? However, Simon also seems extremely insecure and so he has a hard time
vocalising these thoughts.
5. How do reactions to the discovery of Castle Rock differ?

Many of the boys just want to stay and have fun - breaking rocks and building a fort. Jack immediately sees
it as an opportunity for a great 'fort' to settle in. Ralph just wants to move on and go and build up the fire for
smoke again. Here we see the difference in priorities again: Jack is concerned with hunting and power; Ralph is
concerned with recue and safety.
7
> Ralph ponders their dirtiness and appearance; how they have changed GLOSSARY
CHAPTER SEVEN
since bing on the island. He still longs to be rescued; Simon reassures
infuriating (adj.): Making one extremely angry; annoying

daunting (adj.): Seeming difficult to deal with in anticipation
him.
traverses (n.): Long walks
sagely (adv.): In a profoundly wise manner
infinite (adj.): Endless in space, extent or size

swathed (v.): Wrapped in layers of fabric
The main events of
covert (n.): Not open - a space in the thicket

> They nearly kill a pig, and end up reenacting it; this time Robert plays
dun (adj.): A dull grey-brown color

the part of the pig and is actually hurt by the boys - we sense the
SEVEN
foreshadowing here as their savage behavior escalates.
> Simon heads back into the forest alone to go back to Piggy.
> The hunters come across the parachute man and also think it is the
Beast.
How the boys have changed:
Chapter
THAT RALPH LONGS FOR:

3 GROOMING TASKS
(appearance)
He longs to cut his hair They have become very dirty.
A proper wash with soap Their hair was far too long and
tangled with twigs and leaves.
Brush his teeth / Cut his nails
They have lost weight (angled
faces)
EVIDENCE
As Ralph is gazing out at sea, Their clothes are worn away or
OF SIMON’S EMPATHY
stiff with sweat.

Simon says, "You'll get back to
where you came from." Here he Their bodies are Briney.
shows his empathy as he sees
Ralph's despair and tries to
reassure him with hope that he will
Quote about Ralph & Jack’s Leadership battle:
make it home. This is evidence of
his sensitivity towards those around
“ 'Why do you hate me?'
The boys stirred uneasily, as though something indecent
had been said. The silence lengthened.
him.
”
?
5 Questions which you think would be good assessment questions if you were the teacher:
related to this chapter (about characters / story / language / themes etc.),
Creative Exercise
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
“SQUEEZE & HUNT

What they actually see:
THE DESIRE TO This is an
who makes a chattering noise and
moves slowly up and down, with a
A shadow of an ape-like creature
The decaying corpse example of:

on the mountain (describe it):
What the boys think they see
What comment is being made about
£ Verbal Irony
horrifying figure of a face.
of the parachute £ Metaphor

WAS OVER-MASTERING. man, whose strings £ An idiom
”
and fabric are P£ Dramatic Irony
£ A Simile
Even Ralph, who tangled, and when £ Situational Irony
usually resists the urge to give the wind blows, it because...

into his savage nature. feels causes the corpse to We, the reader,
human nature?
know more than

compelled here. This shows move up and down. the characters, and
that even the very good are still understand the situation
capable of violence and evil. when they don't.
IN A SINGLE WORD AS:
DESCRIBE THIS CHAPTER
VERB:
7
introverted, doesn't
forest in the dark?
to run through the
Student's Opinion
the forest and the

show us about his
to be alone in the
other boys; he is
give into childish

He is unafraid of
Who volunteers
darkness. He is
fear and happy

What does this
different to the
personality?
ADJECTIVE:
Simon
forest.
NOUN:
Chapter
ADVERB:
MAKING PREDICTIONS Make predictions for the rest of the novel:

Student's Opinion
SEVEN
Review Questions
1. How is Ralph’s reaction to hunting (in this chapter) different to his previous attitude towards it?
Previously, Ralph was against hunting - it was an unnecessary pastime but they should rather focus their efforts
on rescue & survival; he became angry with Jack for prioritising it. However, in this chapter, Ralph is excited by
the hunt & exhilarated by it. Golding is showing the potential we all have for violence & primal instincts - even
Ralph!
2. The boys play a ‘game’ after the hunt. Describe this game.
They re-enact the hunt with Robert pretending to be the boar. They do so in an almost ritualistic manner; they
circle around him chanting, "Kill the boar!" and beating him as if he really were the pig.
?
3. Do you think that this really is just a harmless game? Explain why or why not.
(OPINION-BASED) It may start off as a 'game', but it quickly descends into something quite frightening as they
boys get carried away and Robert actually gets quite hurt. It doesn't seem such fun for Robert.
4. Why do the boys run from the figure on the mountain at the end of the chapter?
As it is night-time, the dead parachute man is once again mistaken for the 'beast'. It could be argued that as the
boys have been on the hunt for the beast, they see what they expect to see and assume it is the beast. They are
terrified and run in fear from the figure.
5. What do we learn about Simon in this chapter?

Simon's interaction with Ralph shows his kind and positive side. We know that Simon is a realist (from his
doubting of the beast's existence), yet here he sees Ralph's despair and tries to reassure him with hope that he
will make it home. This is evidence of his sensitivity towards those around him. Moreover, we see that he seems
to be the least afraid of the forest and the potential 'beast', as he volunteers to venture through the forest alone to
give a message to Piggy - something which all the other boys were too frightened to do alone.
8
GLOSSARY
rebuke (n.): An expression of sharp disapproval
CHAPTER EIGHT
> Jack calls an assembly and stirs up
parody (n.): A comic imitation of something
derision (n.): Contemptuous ridicule or mockery
fears of the Beast to push his agenda
of hunting. demure (adj.): Reserved, modest and shy
EIGHT
fervor (n.): Intense and passionate feeling
> Jack challenges Ralph's leadership &
cynicism (n.): An inclination to believe people are self-interested
encourages the others to follow him.
Although they don't openly support illusive (adj.): Deceptive; illusory
him, many of the boys sneak off to join tremulous (adj.): Shaking or quivering slightly
Chapter
Jack.
> Jack's group kill a pig and leave his Who says this?
“RALPH THINKS YOU’RE
head on a stick for the Beast. COWARDS, RUNNING Jack
> Simon has a fit in the forest and hears AWAY FROM THE BOAR Who is he speaking to?
the 'Lord of the Flies' speaking to him AND THE BEAST. AND All of the boys
about innate evil.
THAT’S NOT ALL...”
Did Ralph really say this?
"Simon found he was looking into a vast mouth. There was £ Yes £ No
P £ Not Sure
JACK RALPH SIMON
FIND A QUOTE FROM CHAPTER 8
ABOUT EACH OF THE FOLLOWING:
blackness within, a blackness that spread." Why does the speaker say this?
Ralph never said this exactly - all he
said was: "Boys armed with sticks."
Ralph "was vexed to find how little he thought like a Which is true, that is all that the hunters
grownup and sighed again. The island was getting worse are, & they probably would be no match
and worse." for a true beast. After all, the night
before, they ran away scared. Jack
"He laid the conch with great care in the grass at his feet. says this because he wants the boys to
The humiliating tears were running from the corner of each turn against Ralph and gain power as
eye." the leader.
KEY THEMES
Make notes, mind map or write key words on how these
3 REASONS
JACK GIVES FOR WHY RALPH IS A POOR CHIEF
themes are explored in this chapter: Ralph is not a hunter; he doesn't get meat.
- By blowing the conch to call a meeting, Jack
He was never a prefect at school.
LEADERSHIP
shows he's still playing by civilization's rules.

Nobody actually knows anything about him.
- However, Jack tried to instigate a break away
from Ralph; he challenges Ralph's abilities to The boys decide to move the fire, because...
lead the boys. £ Jack won't let them get to it.
£ it is too windy on the mountain.
P£ they are scared of the beast on the mountain.
£ it won’t be seen by any passing ships.
- The beast represents the evil innate in all
£ they are too lazy to get to it.
of the boys. The discussion of the beast, and
GOOD & EVIL
disire to kill it, just emphasizes this evil on the Where do they move it to?
island and inside of the boys. Onto the beach
- Simon (goodness) suggests that they just try Whose idea is this?
and confront the beast, not with violence. Piggy

8
Who/what is the ‘Lord of the Flies’? The title of the chapter is ‘A Gift for the Darkness’.
THE LORD OF THE FLIES

How does this relate to the Lord of the Flies?
The decapitated head of a
sow's head, killed by the The boys leave the sow's head in the forest as an offering for
hunters and places on a stick the beast. As the beast is an unknown presence in the dark, it is
symbolic of the 'darkness' on the island. Therefore, the Lord of
in a clearing in the forest.
Chapter
the Flies is the gift for the darkness.
Does it really speak? Explain. Why do you think Golding chose this
Who does the Lord of

character for this conversation?
the Flies speak to?

No, not literally. Simon
Simon is the one character who
is having a fit and is
symbolizes the innate goodness
hallucinating.
and kindness in man, therefore
EIGHT
it is a fitting match up between
goodness and evil.
“
What does it symbolize? ...the Lord of the Flies hung on his stick and
One of the names of Satan is grinned. At last Simon gave up and looked
Beelzebub, which means 'lord of back; saw the white teeth and dim eyes,
the flies'. Thus it symbolizes the the blood—and his gaze was held by that
”
evil that is found in humanity. ancient, inescapable recognition.
Review Questions
1. The boys now believe that the beast exists, and that they have ‘proof’. In your opinion, how will this
change things on the island?
(OPINION-BASED; however a suggested answer would be:) The 'knowledge' that the beast is real does change
things on the island. The boys' worst fear is being realized and it causes a shift in their behavior and attitudes.
The revelation that the beast is 'real' means that rules and morals become weak and dispensable, and it is
almost as though the boys are no longer restrained by civilized ways and behavior.
2. When Jack calls a vote to get rid of Ralph as chief, none of the boys raise their hands. Why do you
think that they don’t respond, yet sneak off and join Jack later?
It is not entirely clear, as they obviously want to join Jack (as they do so). However it could be that they have
come to associate Ralph with power and leadership (and the one who holds the conch), therefore they don't wish
to publicly vote against him.
3. Explain the importance of the ‘Lord of the Flies’.

When Jack's group hunt and kill the sow, they cut off its head and put it on a stick in the forest as an offering to
placate the beast. As this rotting dead meat stands on the stick in the heat of the island, it attracts flies, which
feed on it. Therefore, it becomes know as the 'Lord of the Flies'. It is important as it is a symbol of the potential
for evil that we all possess. The Lord of the Flies becomes synonymous with the Beast.
4. In your own words, explain what the 'Lord of the Flies' communicates to Simon.
The lord of the Flies tells Simon that he is the Beast and that Simon cannot escape from him as he exists close,
so close as he is the evil which exists within man. The Lord of the Flies also warns Simon that he is going to
have 'fun' on the island. This is a threatening warning and foretelling of the evil which is still to play out amongst
the boys on the island.

9
GLOSSARY
inaudible (adj.): Unable to be heard
CHAPTER NINE
> A storm is brewing on the island.
succulent (adj.): Tender, juicy and tasty
conveyed (v.): Transported or communicated
> Simon wakes from his fit, and staggers corpulent (adj.): Fat or overweight
NINE
back to the beach to tell the others that
sauntered (v.): To walk in a slow, relaxed manner
the Beast doesn't exist.
“
> Piggy and Ralph go to join Jack's feast Over the island the build-up of clouds continued
and to eat meat. ... the air was ready to explode.
”
Chapter
> They boys get into a frenzied hunt Literal meaning... Symbolic meaning...
dance and it becomes very savage - It is about to storm and rain Something bad is brewing -
Simon stumbles into this and they end over the island. there is danger to come.
up murdering him.
“THEHARMLESS A synonym for: GIVES FOR WHY BOYS JOINED JACK
3 REASONS RALPH
Who realizes this?
BEAST WAS HARMLESS: Safe / Innocuous / Benign

For meat and hunting
& HORRIBLE: Awful / terrible / vile
HORRIBLE. Figurative Technique used:

£ Irony £ Simile £ Assonance
To pretend to be part of a tribe
”
P
£ Metaphor £ Alliteration £ Hyperbole The fun of putting on war-paint.
USED TO DESCRIBE
"figure" THE PARACHUTE MAN THE PARTY IN JACK'S TRIBE THE WEATHER
WORDS
"fire" "laughing" "build-up" "brassy glare"

"corpulent" "life-like" "thunder"
"roasting pigmeat"
"bow" "nasal bones" "sighing" "greasy faces" "singing" "hot" "clouds brooded"
"parody" "corruption" "drinking" "revolving masses of gas"
Jack's seating log What does this convey to the reader about Jack's leadership?
is compared to a
Jack seems himself as a royal, sovereign leader - as though he were a king.
throne
Review Questions
1. What type of leader is Jack, as seen in the events of this chapter?
Jack tries to be a powerful leader through hunting & physical dominance. He displays his power & authority in the
way he carries his spear (symbol of violence) & orders the boys to do his bidding. He exerts control over them
through promising to provide for their needs & playing on their fears. In this way, he displays characteristics of a
dictator.
2. Why do Piggy and Ralph join in with the 'dance'?
They join the dance for the sense of security which is gained by being part of the crowd. Indeed, the mob dance
is described as a 'demented but partly secure society' and Piggy and Ralph get caught up in the frenzy and
excitement.
3. In your own words, briefly explain what happens to Simon.

The boys are in a friezied 'dance' on the beach - chanting and re-enacting the hunt. By the time Simon appears
on the beach, the boys have worked themselves up into a frenzy and have been taken up in the mob mentality
and euphoria of the moment. Therefore they are not thinking clearly at all and they see what they want to see - a
beast for killing. Thus Simon is brutally attacked and murdered by the boys.
Let's take a closer look at that important passage...
The dark sky was shattered by a blue-white scar.
An instant later the noise was on them like the blow of
1. Underline any sounds or noises
described.
9
Chapter
a gigantic whip. The chant rose a tone in agony.
“Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood!” 2. Highlight the verbs which
Now out of the terror rose another desire, thick, describe movement.
urgent, blind.
“Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood!” 3. Circle any adjectives or nouns you
think have negative connotations.
Again the blue-white scar jagged above them
NINE
and the sulphurous explosion beat down. The littluns 4. Describe the language of this
screamed and blundered about, fleeing from the edge of extract (and the effect):
the forest, and one of them broke the ring of biguns in The word choice used in this passage
REREAD THIS PASSAGE AND THEN FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTION AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS BELOW
his terror. clearly portray the action scene - the
“Him! Him!” many descriptive sounds and verbs.
The circle became a horseshoe. A thing was Moreover, the many negatively
crawling out of the forest. It came darkly, uncertainly. connoted words help to create the
The shrill screaming that rose before the beast was like sinister and menacing tone.
a pain. The beast stumbled into the horseshoe.
“Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood!”
The blue-white scar was constant, the noise
5. Who/what is 'the beast'?
unendurable. Simon was crying out something about a
Simon
dead man on a hill.
“Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood! Do 6. Do the boys realize this? No
him in!”
The sticks fell and the mouth of the new circle 7. Why or why not?
crunched and screamed. The beast was on its knees in Because they are in the throws of the
the center, its arms folded over its face. It was crying frenzied moment - the mob mentality
out against the abominable noise something about a has hyped them up and they see what
body on the hill. The beast struggled forward, broke the they want to see - the beast for killing.
ring and fell over the steep edge of the rock to the sand
by the water. At once the crowd surged after it, poured
down the rock, leapt on to the beast, screamed, struck, 8. Describe the boys' behavior in one
word: Savage
bit, tore. There were no words, and no movements but
the tearing of teeth and claws. 9. Explain the irony found in this
Then the clouds opened and let down the rain extract:
like a waterfall. The water bounded from the mountain- There is clearly dramatic irony at play
top, tore leaves and branches from the trees, poured in this extract. We, the readers, know
like a cold shower over the struggling heap on the sand. more than the characters do. We know
Presently the heap broke up and figures staggered the shocking reality that the creature
away. Only the beast lay still, a few yards from the sea. they are killing is Simon.
Even in the rain they could see how small a beast it
was; and already its blood was staining the sand.
10
> The boys discuss the events of the night before and decide it was an accident. GLOSSARY
The main events of
CHAPTER TEN
interrogative (adj.): Having or conveying the force of a question

> Jack's tribe pledge their loyalty to Jack, & they move to Castle Rock. Jack has a
gesticulate (v.): Use gestures (arm movements) while talking

befouled (adj.): Make dirty or pollute
compelled (v.): To force or oblige someone to do something
boy beaten for no apparent reason. Things are becoming very savage.
torrid (adj.): Very hot and dry

crags (n.): A steep or rugged cliff or rock face
TEN
> Jack's tribe invade the shelters on the beach in the middle of the night and steal
Piggy's glasses.
Chapter
MEANING OF THESE SLANG WORDS/PHRASES LIST THE BIGUNS LEFT

in the beach camp
situation is - the horror of it. Yet

They all know how serious the
FIND OUT THE
they want to ignore it, and not

Reds Communists
balmy / round the Ralph
EXPLAIN THIS QUOTE:

bend / crackers / Gone insane Piggy
bomb happy
talk about it.

Sam & Eric
pills Testicles
In your opinion, Jack is: Student's Opinion

because..
£ A strong leader

£ A harsh dictator
£ A kingly leader
UNSPOKEN
WAS
“THEHEAVYAIRWITH
KNOWLEDGE.
”
THE BOYS IN JACK'S TRIBE ARE CALLED: S AVA G E S
QUOTATION WHO SAID IT? WHAT ARE THEY TALKING ABOUT? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
It is a shocking realization, as murder
The killing of Simon the night
Ralph implies malicious intent. It shows how
"That was murder." before (at the feast with Jack's
much the boys have given in to their
tribe).
bestial, savage natures.
Piggy probably doesn't mean this, he is

The killing of Simon the night
Piggy intelligent and likely knows the reality.
"It was an accident." before (at the feast with Jack's
However, the implications of admitting
tribe).
it was murder are horrifying.
Why they ended up killing Simon This concept helps them cope with the
"I expect the beast the night before - an explanation horror of what they have done, in the
Stanley
disguised itself." of why they didn't know it was light of day - the beast becomes their
Simon. excuse.
Fire is a symbol of their security and

"We don't want Jack and his savages have stolen
Ralph link to civilization. The thought of not
another night Piggy's glasses, so they have no
having it in the darkness is horrifying
without fire." way of making fire.
for the boys.
"They didn't come Piggy knows exactly why Jack's This leaves Piggy vulnerable, and the
for the conch. They tribe invaded the beach - not boys on the beach with no security - no
came for something Piggy to steal the conch, but to steal ability to make fire. It firmly places the
else." Piggy's glasses. power in Jack's camp.
10
NOTES OR DOODLING: IMAGINE THAT JACK HAD TWITTER
SPACE FOR EXTRA
Creative Exercise Write his status at this point in the novel.
Jack
@choirboy_merridew
Creative Exercise
Chapter
A Question
TEN
you have about the characters or plot at this stage:
Creative Exercise
Writing
PROMPT
You are a journalist. Write a newspaper article about the events of the night of
the storm. You should include quotations, facts and objective details.
1. How do the boys' reactions to Simon's death differ?

Review Questions
They struggle to come to terms with Simon's death. Ralph wants to face up to it & even calls it murder, but Piggy
talks him out of it, arguing that it was just an accident & even Simon's fault for crawling in the dark. In the end, all
four boys revert to pretending that they were not involved (that they left the feast early) it didn't happen; they do
this because it is easier than facing up to the reality of what happened & their savage & barbaric behavior.
2. Explain the significance of this chapter's title: The Shell and the Glasses
On one level this is meaningful because when Jack invades Ralph's camp, Ralph assumes he has come for the
conch (the shell), but really Jack came for the glasses. This is significant because both objects are symbols of
power. However, the conch seems to have lost its power in the schism of leadership and now the glasses, with
their ability to create fire, hold the real power.
3. Why doesn't Jack take the conch when he invades the beach camp? Explain fully.
The conch no longer holds power. It was a symbol of democratic power (all had the ability to speak, you just
had to be holding the conch), but that is not how Jack chooses to lead - he leads through fear and violence and
therefore the conch is of no significance to him. He would rather have the glasses, which are hold power in their
ability to make fire.
4. Do you agree with Roger that Jack is a 'proper chief'? Explain why or why not.
(OPINION-BASED)
5. Do you think that Piggy, Ralph and the twins will eventually join Jack's tribe? Give a reason.
(OPINION-BASED)

11
"Awful things has been done on this island"
- piggy
> Ralph calls an emergency assembly, but only he,
Piggy, the twins and littluns are left.
LIST THE THINGS TO WHICH PIGGY IS REFERRING
CHAPTER ELEVEN
> They decide to go to Jack and ask for the
glasses back, they go with spears and the The death on the little boy with the mulberry
ELEVEN The main events of
conch. birthmark, who died in the fire at the beginning of

> Jack takes the twins hostage and ties them up. the novel
The horrific and brutal killing of Simon
> Roger pushes a rock which knocks Piggy down
and sends him over the cliff - he is killed. The invasion of the beach shelters by Jack
The stealing of Piggy's glasses.
> The conch is smashed, and Ralph flees in fear.
Chapter
GLOSSARY
A quote about the face paint:
myopia (n.): Eyesight condition - nearsightedness
“
He stood half-way along the
neck and gazed at the savages propagate (v.): To spread and promote ideas
intently. Freed by the paint, they pinnacles (n.): The highest point, pointed points of rock
had tied their hair back and were truculent (adj.): Eager or quick to argue or fight
more comfortable cessation (n.): The fact or process of ending
”
than he was.
multitudinous (adj.): Very numerous
“LAW & RESCUE

WHICH IS BETTER How would you respond to this question?
Student's Opinion
Jack takes the twins hostage because...
P
£ he wants their skill with the fire.
£ he wants to demonstrate his power.
OR £ they are annoying.
£ he plans to kill them.
HUNTING & BREAKING £ Ralph challenged him to.
THINGS UP?
PIGGY ”How do the other boys see him: Why is Piggy particularly vulnerable in chapter 11?
EXPLAIN YOUR Let’s take a closer look at
They don't take him seriously; they Jack and his tribe stole his glasses in the
see him as weak and a source of previous chapter, and so he is now unable to see
amusement. anything. He has to be led like a dog.
1 "They blinded me. See? That's Jack Merridew.

Three things Piggy says in chapter 11:
If Piggy were a color, he would be...

You call an assembly, Ralph, we got to decide
Creative Exercise what to do."
Because... Student's Opinion

2 "Go on, laugh. Ther's them on this island as
would laugh at anything. And what happened?
What's grown-ups goin' to think?"
3 "Ralph - remember what we came for. The fire.
My specs."
Student's Opinion
PERSONAL OPINION
OF THIS CHARACTER

KEY THEME
11
Describe the events
CIVILIZATION AND SAVAGERY

of this chapter in
ONE WORD How is this theme portrayed and explored in this chapter?
Student's Opinion The boys who have joined Jack's tribe are now refered to as 'savages' and not
as boys. Their facepaint has successfully helped to transform them. The fact
Chapter
that they feel hidden behind it, releases them to act with less civility.
What happens to the twins?
They are taken hostage by
With the death of Piggy, the capture of Samneric and the attack on Ralph,
Jack's tribe (at his order)
goodness and civilisation seem to have lost the battle against evil and
and are tied up.
savagery; Jack and his savages have won this battle.
ELEVEN
The totaly destruction of the conch (a symbol of rules and order), represents
the complete break down of order and the civilized way.
Review Questions
1. Why does Ralph insist that they wash and clean up before visiting Jack's tribe?
For Ralph, rules and civilization are important & he doesn't want to descend into savagery like Jack has. Ralph
says: "Supposing we go, looking like we used to, washed and hair brushed - after all we aren't savages really",
which illustrates the fact that he wants to appear civilized. This is important as Ralph is well aware that Jack will
most likely be naked and wearing face paint, & wants to differentiate himself from Jack & his savage behavior.
2. Piggy asks Jack's tribe: "Which is better - to be a pack of painted Indians like you are, or to be
sensible like Ralph is?" What would be your response to this question?
(OPINION-BASED)
3. Who 'protested out of the heart of civilization'? And what does this mean?
Samneric are the ones who protest out of the heart of civilization when they are being grabbed by Jack's tribe.
What this means is that they try to argue against their capture on the grounds that it is not civilized behavior.
Unfortunately though, they are talking to those who have turned savage and their pleas carry little weight.
4. Explain the symbolism behind the destruction of the conch.

The destruction of the conch shell is highly symbolic. As the conch has always been a symbol of civilization and
order, its shattering is symbolic of the complete break down of society on the island and the decent into savagery.
5. In your own words, explain what happens to Piggy at the end of chapter 11.
He is knocked off the ledge by the falling rock pushed by Rodger. He falls on to the rocks in the sea and cracks
his skull open, and dies.

12
The main events of that the boys have changed drastically
EVIDENCE
CHAPTER TWELVE since being on the island
The boys are unkempt and dirty, wear facepaint & carry
> Ralph hides out in the bush near Castle Rock - fearful.
spears. Their actions separate them from the schoolboys
> Ralph approaches Samneric who tell him to go away. they were when they first arrived. In chapter 4 t Roger
TWELVE
However, they also give him some food and warn him of
Jack's plan to attack him. was unable to even throw stones at Henry because of
his innate sense of morality. Yet in this chapter, we see
> Ralph is pursued by Jacks tribe, & eventually they try
to smoke him out, which results in setting the island that Roger has become extremely barbaric. He was
aflame. responsible for the death of Piggy & is now on the hunt
> Ralph stumbles onto the beach to find a naval officer for Ralph with a violent weapon.
there, who rescues the boys.
Chapter
GLOSSARY
A quote about Bill:
acrid (adj.): Having an irritatingly strong taste or smell
“ But really, thought

Ralph, this was not Bill. This was
a savage whose image refused to
inimical (adj.):
gibber (v.):
antiphonal (adj.):
Tending to obstruct or harm
Speak rapidly and unintelligibly
Sung or recited alternately by two groups
blend with that ancient picture of a
boy in shorts and shirt. ululate (v.): Howl or wail with emotion
”
epaulette (adj.): Ornamental shoulder piece on military uniform
crepitation (n.): A crackling or rattling sound
ensconce (v.): Establish or settle in a place
Your opinion of the twins' actions:
£ They are fickle, disloyal friends to Ralph. RALPH AS AN ANIMAL BEING HUNTED CONTEMPLATES FOR
3 CHOICES RALPH
WORDS WHICH PAINT
£ They are weak-willed & easily persuaded. ESCAPE AND SURVIVAL

£ Their actions are justified.
£ They do the best in a tough situation.
"Ralph launched himself like Break the line
£ Their actions show kindness and loyalty. a cat; stabbed, snarling, with
the spear, and the savage Climb a tree
Give a reason: doubled up." Hide
Student's Opinion
“
"he shied like a horse" The seconds lengthened.
Ralph was looking straight
into the savage’s eyes.
Don’t scream.
Describe the reaction You’ll get back.
"The officer inspected the
of the navel officer Now he’s seen you.
Identify and explain the figurative language technique in this extract:
little scarecrow in front of He’s making sure. A stick

him. The kid needed a bath, The officer looks at the boys and asks sharpened. Ralph screamed,
a haircut, a nose-wipe and a about fun and games. He doesn't realize a scream of fright and anger
good deal of ointment." and desperation.
the seriousness of the situation (even
”
The comparision of the though Ralph tells him that boys have Describe the length of the
child to a scarecrow been killed). He is dissappointed in them sentences used in this
is an example of a as British boys. He doesn't understand extract:
METAPHOR. the seriousness of the situation on the Lots of short, simple
island and, seeing the boys in their sentences.
The comparison serves war paint, he says, "Fun and games." What is the effect created?
to emphasize the fact (Ironically, 'fun' was what the beast had
that Ralph looks so This makes the writing
promised Simon. By 'fun' the beast meant punchy and direct. It
ragged and dirty, as evil and cruelty, not harmless games.)
scarecrows aren't emphasizes the quick-
thought of as beautiful thinking of Ralph and
representations of mimics his train of
thought.
FILL IN THE BLANKS
“ 12
"A little boy who wore the remains of an extraordinary
RALPH WEPT FOR
black cap on his red hair and who carried the remains of
a pair of at his waist, started forward, then
THE END OF
INNOCENCE,
Chapter
changed his mind and stood still ."
THE DARKNESS
Who is this boy described? Comment on this description:
OF MAN’S HEART,
Jack Here we see Jack through the eyes
of the naval officer and he no longer AND THE FALL
How can you tell? seems so frightening. From the THROUGH THE AIR
perspective of the adult, he is just a OF THE TRUE,
TWELVE
The black hat (his old choir
uniform) and the red hair. sad little boy, not at all the savage
leader we had come to know.
WISE FRIEND
CALLED PIGGY.
Writing
PROMPT
”
Imagine you are the naval officer who finds the boys. Write the report of the
discovery, explaining why you stopped on the island and what you found.
Review Questions
1. Describe the scene in which Ralph comes across the pig's skull in the forest. Explain what he does
and why he does it.
When Ralph comes across the Lord of the Flies in the forest, he first stares at it, then, in anger he punches it.
However, it stays grinning at him (in a taunting manner), and so Ralph lashes out again. This time he succeeds in
breaking it & knocking it to the ground. Ralph does this in anger & loathing for the pig & all it represents. On one
level the pig's head represents Jack & his prioritization of hunting and his bloodlust. However, more than that, the
Lord of the Flies represents the primal evil & potential for savagery, which is what Ralph has tried so hard to resist.
2. Explain how the fire at the end of the novel is heavily ironic.
Ralph had thought the signal fire - a symbol of civilization - was the only way to attract the attention of passing
ships and insure their rescue. Ironically, although it is indeed a fire that lures a ship to the island, it is not an
ordered, controlled signal fire but rather the chaotic forest fire Jack's hunters set solely for the purpose of killing
Ralph.
3. When Ralph realizes they are rescued, he cried tears of grief and not joy. Why?
Although they have hoped for rescue, by this point they seem so far removed from the world of civilization
that they don't seem able to quite comprehend it. Ralph doesn't feel joy at first, rather he is overcome with the
realization of all that has happened on the island - all the horrors.
4. Do you think that this is a fitting end to the novel? Explain why or why not.
(OPINION-BASED)

Civilization vs. Savagery
ANALYZING THEMES civilization vs. savagery
Explain/Describe/Discuss/Mind Map this theme: What comment is Golding making about society?
ise
If this theme were a color it would be:
Draw a symbol or picture to represent this theme:

erc
How does this theme relate to the plot?

Exe
How could this theme relate to your own life? What can you learn?
ativ
Cre
Characters, things or events related to this theme:

Key quotations related to this theme:

Power & Leadership
power & leadership
ANALYZING THEMES
Explain/Describe/Discuss/Mind Map this theme:

ise
What comment is Golding making about society?
erc
Ex
e
ativ
Cre
Key quotations related to this theme: If this theme were a color it would be:

Loss of Innocence
ANALYZING THEMES loss of innocence
Explain/Describe/Discuss/Mind Map this theme: What comment is Golding making about society?
e
cis
If this theme were a color it would be:
How does this theme relate to the plot?

xer
eE
ativ

Cre
Key quotations related to this theme:

Fear
fear
ANALYZING THEMES
Explain/Describe/Discuss/Mind Map this theme:

What comment is Golding making about society?
e
cis
xer
eE

ativ
Cre
Key quotations related to this theme: If this theme were a color it would be:

For each of the following, describe their significance in the novel and explain the symbolism.
ANALYZING SYMBOLS Evil Within Every Man
THE CONCH SHELL
THE LORD OF THE FLIES

Order & Civilization The Lord of the Flies is a physical manifestation of
The conch is a powerful symbol of order the beast and the fear. Moreover, Beelzebub (the
and civilization. It is one of the first rules name of the devil in the Bible) is literally translated
that Ralph institutes - that the boys can as the Lord of the Flies. Therefore, he is seem as
only speak when they are holding it. This the personification of demonic forces and evil. He
means that the conch helps to keep the represents the fact that their is the potential for evil
rules and order on the island. As the within all of us.
boys start to disobey the rules of
the conch, and eventually when
it is totally smashed, it
Civilization and Morals ADULTS
represents the fact that all Adults symbolize civilization and social order to the
order has been lost. boys. They long for the guidance of grown-ups, and
hope for their rescue. But this is ironic, as the world war
raging outside the island makes it clear that the adult
PIGGY'S GLASSES "civilization" is as savage as the boys' "civilization" on
Power of Science & Intellect the island.
Piggy is the most intelligent boy in
the group, and his glasses are a
THE SIGNAL FIRE
representation of this. Moreover, it is The fire is a key symbol in the novel and it works
what the boys use to create fire who symbolically in two different symbols: both as a
means that it is a symbol of power - representation of the boys' desire for rescue (and as
when Jack's tribe steal the a connection to the world of civilization), as well as a
THE PARACHUTE MAN Piggy's Glasses
glasses they gain that power. symbol of the violence and destruction of the island
- treat of total destruction.
Rescue & Link to Civilization

Fear & the Beast FACEPAINT Paradise
The dead parachute man Savagery
The remote, lush and
becomes the 'beast' which The wearing of facepaint is a deserted island which
the boys are fearful of. It symbol for the boys descent into the boys land on, with its
symbolizes their deepest savage ways. When they put it beauty and bountiful food,
fears. However, it also on, they discard their civil ways symbolizes a kind of primitive
clearly represents the and morality. Hidden behind paradise - away from the
meaninglessness of this fear the paint, the boys become constraints of society, where
as it is a totally harmless unrecognizable and feel free boys are free to act as they
THE ISLAND
figure. to indulge in their anamalistic, wish. However, like Adam and

barbaric ways. Eve in Eden, they succumb to
their evil natures.
FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING QUOTATIONS, IDENTIFY THE SPEAKER AND THEN EXPLAIN THE SIGNIFICANCE.
LET’S TAKE A LOOK AT KEY QUOTATIONS

e.g. Which theme does it relate to? Who is it being spoken to? Why is it important in terms of the plot?
Is it an example of foreshadowing? Is it a part of indirect characterization?
Quotation Who said it?/ Who is it about? Why is it important?

This quote relates to the theme of Civilization and Savagery.
“We’ve got to have
rules and obey them.
After all, we’re not Jack By the end of the novel, we can see the irony in this statement,
as it is Jack himself who leads the boys into their descent into
savages.”
savagery.
This quote relates to the theme of Rules and Order.

“The world, that
understandable and
lawful world, was Narrator The boys' fall into barbarism doesn't happen overnight, it slips
slipping away.”
away, one incident at a time. AS they give into their savage
ways, they move away from laws (moral) and rules.
This quote relates to the theme of Civilization and Savagery.
“Which is better — to
have laws and agree, or
to hunt and kill?”
Piggy This is one of the most essential questions of the novel, and
describes the key divide between Jack and Ralph: Jack cares
only about hunting, and Ralph strives for order and rescue.
This quote relates to the theme of Fear and the Beast.

"The thing is—fear
can’t hurt you any more
than a dream."
Jack They boys are almost consumed by their fears of the unknown
and the potential for evil. However, fear, when manipulated can
indeed hurt.
This quote relates to the theme of Rules and Order.

"Things are breaking up.
I don’t understand why.
We began well; we were Ralph As Ralph laments the other boys savage behavior, we see that
he struggles to accept it. Ralph is one of the truly 'good' boys on
happy. And then—"
the island as he resists the evil which engulfs the others.
"Fancy thinking the beast This quote relates to the theme of Fear and the Beast.
was something you could
hunt or kill! I'm part of you? Lord of Simon has this revelation in his encounter with the Lord of the
Close, close, close. I'm the
reason why it's no go? Why the Flies Flies - it is the revelation that evil is not an unknown outside
presence, but is innate within each and every human being.
things are what they are?"
This quote relates to the theme of Civilization.
“Roger was conditioned
by a civilization that
knew nothing of him Narrator Here we see that even without the presence of adults, the boys
feel the pull of civilized ways. However, for Roger, this pull
and was in ruins.”
was clearly not strong enough as he becomes one of the most
“The mask was a This quote relates to the theme of Savagery.

thing on it’s own,
behind which Jack
hid, liberated from Narrator The facepaint is a symbol of the boys' giving in to their savage,
barbaric ways. Here we see the effect of the paint - the way it
shame and self-
consciousness."
releases them from the rules of a civilized society.
ANALYZING THE PLOT STRUCTURE Main events of the rising action:
Protagonist’s conflict:
Elements of suspense:
tc i o n
g A
iis n ?
R
Foreshadowing: ist
n
ago
t
pro
e
th
for
e
t
in
po
it v
ng
rni
a tu
his
t
a
is
Exposition
w
Ho
What is the setting and how is it established?
C
Which characters are introduced in the exposition and what do we learn about them? r e
The narrative perspective:
Any background information we learn:
Opening events:

ANALYZING THE PLOT STRUCTURE
Climax
Main events of the falling action:
Greatest point of
tension/action:
Fallin
is e
c
g Acti
x e r
on
e E
Resolution
How is the conflict resolved?
How is the protagonist changed?
Ending events:

NOTES * DOODLES * IDEAS * NOTES * DOODLES * IDEAS * NOTES * DOOD
is e
e r c
E x
it v e
re a
C
45 © Stacey Lloyd 2016
DLES * IDEAS * NOTES * DOODLES * IDEAS * NOTES * DOODLES * IDEAS *
While reading the novel, and working through this book, use these pages to make notes (perhaps of
46
assignments or dates), to document questions you have, or just to doodle and draw your thoughts.
is e
e r c
E x
© Stacey Lloyd 2016

it v e
re a
C

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D

© STACEY LLOYD 2016

When Lord of the Flies was published

shadow of the horrors of World War the

evil things people did to each other in

Golding began to see all human nature

. After the war the United Nations was

set up to try to ensure that such a glob

1954, when Lord of the Flies was publish

and the threat of a Third World War was r

very real. Many countries had built up

atomic energy to destroy civilizations.

Flies take place against the backdrop

LORD OF THE FLIES AS AN ALLEGORY

1 © STACEY LLOYD 2016

view and writing.

4. In your own words, what is allegory?

© STACEY LLOYD 2016 2

“In spite of everything I still

“In each of us, two natures

want most to be we are.”

© STACEY LLOYD 2016 4

His style of leadership:

What is important to him?

tation: Important quotation:

5 © STACEY LLOYD 2016

Notes on his personality:

How he relates to Jack: How he relates to everyone else:

© STACEY LLOYD 2016 6

to grow; it stays short. stolen by Jack, and is murdered.

Important Quotations: sses back. Awful

7 © STACEY LLOYD 2016

Who are they? How others see them:

© STACEY LLOYD 2016 8

the other boys.

Phrases which describe

IF THIS CHAPTER WERE A

This is a metaphor - the comparision to a scar

The mark in the jungle made

WORDS USED TO DESCRIBE

9 © STACEY LLOYD 2016

What are they?

Who do you think should be chief?

A quotation which illustrates this:

“ Didn't you hear what the pilot

Will Ralph remain chief? Will everyone get along? Explain.

4. Why doesn’t Piggy ask for the names of the choirboys?

5. Why do you think that Piggy isn’t even considered as chief?

> Ralph calls another meeting & reminds

“WE’VE GOT LOOK UP AND EXPLAIN THE FOLLOWING ALLUSIONS:

Treasure A novel by Robert Louis Stevenson about a

TO HAVE Island pirate on an Island looking for buried gold

Swallows and A series of novels by Arthur Ransome,

A novel by R. M. Ballantyne about teenage

In your opinion, Piggy is: ” A SIMILE in this chapter:

£ hot-headed "One patch touched a tree trunk and scrambled up like a

£ kind and thoughtful bright squirrel."

d e animal, he would be...

Stu Creative Exercise

© STACEY LLOYD 2016 12

HOW DOES THE FIRE BECOME UNCONTROLLABLE?

What do these similes indicate about the fire?

THE FIRE SYMBOLIZES: