Professional Documents
Culture Documents
§ Topic overview
• It hosts 400 different types of coral, gives shelter to 1,500 species of fish
• It can be manufactured by
Ø Electrolysis of water by using direct current.
Ø Natural Gas Reforming/Gasification:
ü Natural Gas on reaction with steam produces Synthesis gas.
ü Synthetic gas is a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and a small amount of
carbon dioxide.
Ø Fermentation:
ü Biomass is converted into sugar-rich feedstocks that can be fermented to produce
hydrogen.
• It is then stored after mixing or converting to ammonia or synthetic gas for easy liquefaction
and transport.
TYPES OF HYDROGEN FUEL
• Grey Hydrogen: Manufactured using Natural Gas without carbon
sequestration
• Brown Hydrogen: Manufactured using Coal without carbon
sequestration.
• Blue Hydrogen: Manufactured using Natural Gas with carbon
sequestration.
• Green Hydrogen: Manufactured using Renewable Energy.
BETTER THAN EV:
ü They enable a refuelling time of just 5 minutes, compared
to 30-45 minutes of charging for a Battery operated Electric
Vehicle.
ü Also, cars get better energy storage per unit
volume and weight, freeing up a lot of space for other
things.
ü It is also effective for sectors that cannot be
electrified like shipping and air travel.
NATIONAL HYDROGEN MISSION
§ Aim:The government's aim is to make India a global hub for the production
and export of green hydrogen.
• About:
ü It was proposed in the Union Budget 2021.
ü It is a clean-burning molecule, which can decarbonise a range of
sectors including iron and steel, chemicals, and transportation.
• Potential:
ü The initiative has the potential of transforming transportation.
ü This will help in meeting the target of production of 5 million tonnes
of Green hydrogen by 2030 and the related development of renewable
energy capacity.
• Rani Laxmibai is known for her role in the First War of India’s Independence
in 1857.
• Born Manikarnika Tambe.
• The couple adopted Damodar Rao as her son before the king’s death, which
the British refused to accept as the legal heir in accordance with the
Doctrine of lapse and decided to annex Jhansi.
• Under General Hugh Rose, the East India Company’s forces had begun their
counteroffensive in Bundelkhand by January 1858.
• She conquered the fort of Gwalior with the help of Tatya Tope and Nana
Saheb.
• She was wounded in combat near Gwalior’s Phool Bagh, where she later
died.
JHALKARI BAI
• A soldier in Rani Laxmibai’s women’s army, Durga Dal, rose to become
one of the queen’s most trusted advisers.
• She is known for putting her own life at risk to keep the queen out of
harm’s way.
• Till date, the story of her valor is recalled by the people of Bundelkhand,
and she is often presented as a representative of Bundeli identity.
• Many Dalit communities of the region look up to her as an incarnation of
God and also celebrate Jhalkaribai Jayanti every year in her honour.
DURGA BHABHI
• Durgawati Devi, who was popularly known as Durga Bhabhi, was
a revolutionary who joined the armed struggle against colonial rule.
• A member of the Naujawan Bharat Sabha, she helped bhagat Singh
escape in disguise from Lahore after the 1928 killing of British police officer
John P Saunders.
• During the train journey that followed, Durgawati and Bhagat Singh posed as
a couple and Rajguru as their servant.
• Later, as revenge for the hanging of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev,
she made an unsuccessful attempt to kill the former Punjab Governor, Lord
Hailey.
• Born in Allahabad in 1907 and married to Hindustan Socialist Republican
Association (HSRA) member Bhagwati Charan Vohra, Durgawati, along with
other revolutionaries, also ran a bomb factory in Delhi.
RANI GAINILIU
• Born in 1915 in present-day Manipur, Rani Gaidinliu was a Naga spiritual and
political leader who fought the British.
• She joined the Heraka religious movement which later became a movement to
drive out the British.
• She rebelled against the Empire and refused to pay taxes, asking people to do
the same.
• Gaidinliu was finally arrested in 1932 when she was just 16 and later sentenced
for life.
• She was released in 1947.
ü Rani Chennamma defeated the British in her first revolt, but was captured and
imprisoned during the second assault by the East India Company.
SAROJINI NAIDU
• 13 February 1879 – 2 March 1949
• Also known as the ‘Nightingale of India’.
• She was a distinguished poet, renowned freedom fighter, and a great orator.
• She was elected as the President of the Indian National Congress in 1925.
• She campaigned for the Khilafat (Indian Disobedience) Movement and also the QIM
§ Madam Bhikaji Cama
• 24 September 1861– 13 August 1936
• In 1907, she unfolded the first Indian National Flag at the International Socialist Conference in
Germany.
§
Aruna Asaf Ali
• July 16, 1909-July 29, 1996
• Aruna was an active member of the Congress Party.
• She had participated in public marches during the Salt Satyagraha
• She edited ‘In-Qilab’ a monthly journal of the Indian National Congress.
• She is known as the Grand Old Lady of the Independence Movement.
• She is known for hoisting the Indian National Congress flag in Bombay during the Quit India
Movement.
§ Usha Mehta
• March 25, 1920 – August 11, 2000
• She was known for broadcasting the Congress Radio (an underground radio station).
§
Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
• August 18, 1900 – December 1, 1990
• She was the daughter of Motilal Nehru.
• She was a President of the Congress Party.
• She entered the NCM to fight against the British Rule.
• She was arrested in 1940 and again during the Quit India Movement in 1942.
• After independence, she represented India in many conferences abroad.
ANNIE BESANT
• October 1, 1847 – September 20, 1933
• She was an Irish lady and a prominent member of the Theosophical Society.
• She joined the Indian National Congress and was involved in political and educational
activities in India.
• She was the first woman President of the Congress.
• She set up a number of schools and colleges including the Central Hindu College High
School at Banaras
§ India will be extending humanitarian assistance to Pakistan to deal with the
Devastating Flood that occurred because of Pakistan’s Monster Monsoon.
• Extremely Wet monsoon:
ü The current flood is a direct result of an extremely wet monsoon season this year.
ü The same southwest monsoon that brings the bulk of India’s annual rainfall causes rain in
Pakistan as well.
ü The monsoon season in Pakistan, however, is a little shorter than in India. That is because
the rain-bearing monsoon winds take time to travel northward from India into Pakistan.
ü There’s been a 400% increase in average rainfall in areas like Baluchistan and
Sindh, which led to extreme flooding.
• Extreme Heat:
ü In May 2022, Pakistan consistently saw temperatures above 45 degrees Celsius (113
Fahrenheit).
ü Warmer air holds more moisture — about 7% more per degree Celsius (4% per degree
Fahrenheit) — and that eventually comes down, in this case in torrents.
ü Instead of just swollen rivers flooding from extra rain, Pakistan is hit with another source
of flash flooding.
ü The extreme heat accelerates the long-term glacier melting then water speeds down
from the himalayas to Pakistan in a dangerous phenomenon called glacial lake outburst
floods.
ü “La Niña is behaving very strongly in some metrics and is a significant factor for
enhancing monsoonal rains.
• The aid will be the first time since 2014 that India will be extending aid to Pakistan on
account of a natural disaster.
• In the past, India extended assistance to Pakistan for the floods in 2010, and for the
earthquake in 2005
§ Australia’s Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) predicted, that a third consecutive event of
La Nina could be underway which could lead to unusual weather effects in various
countries.
• There is an extended period of La Nina in 2022. It is the first time that this has
happened since the 1950s when the event started to be recorded. The years 1973-76
and 1998-2001 were consecutive La Nina years.
§ La Nina means the Little Girl in Spanish. It is also sometimes called El Viejo, anti-El
Nino, or simply "a cold event."
§ El Nino is a climate pattern that describes the unusual warming of surface waters in
the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.
§ Impacts on India :
§ Extreme weather,
§ Negative Impact on Agriculture :Farmers will be at risk of losing their standing Kharif
Crops if it rains during this period.
§ The India Meteorological India (IMD) has predicted that some parts of India may
witness heavy rains.
§ New ElephantReserve in Tamil Nadu
§ Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022
§ Women Heroes of India’s Freedom Struggle
§ Pakistan’s Devastating Floods
§ AK-203 Rifles
§ Exercise VAJRA PRAHAR 2022
§ GI Tag for Mithila Makhana
§ Anti-Tank Guided Missiles (ATGM)
§ New Addition to the Ramsar Sites List
§ Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)
§ Booster Dose: Corbevax
§ African Swine Fever in India
§ New START Treaty
§ Ceasefire between Israel and Palestine
§ US-China Tensions
§ Iran Nuclear Deal Talks
§ Ethanol Plant
§ Financial Inclusion Index: RBI
§ Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act, 2022
§ Electricity Amendment Bill, 2022
§ Pradhan Mantri Adi Adarsh Gram Yojana
§ Withdrawal of Personal Data Protection Bill
§ Central Vigilance Commission
§ Foreign Visit of the State Government Ministers
§ National e-Governance Service Delivery Assessment
§ Electoral Bonds
§ Tobacco Endgame
§ Manipur to Implement the NRC
§ Draft Indian Ports Bill, 2022
§ Arth Ganga Project
§ Har Ghar Jal
§ Himachal Pradesh Freedom of Religion (Amendment) Bill-2022
§ Indian Telegraph Right of Way -Amendment Rules, 2022
§ Privatisation of Public Sector Banks
§ Central Bank Digital Currency
§ Tilapia Aquaculture Project: Fisheries
§ Self Sufficiency in Urea
§ India’s Battery Storage Potential: NITI Aayog
§ Eight Years of Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna (PMJDY)
§ India-Iran Pact on Seafarers
§ Talks Between India & NATO
§ Airspace Violations Near LAC
1. MiG-21 Crash
§ Exercise Al NAJAH
§ Exercise Pitch Black
§ Recovery of Coral Reefs in Great Barrier Reef
§ India’s Solar Power Dream
§ 5 Years of UDAN
§ Chinese Vessel in Sri Lanka
§ One Year of Taliban 2.0
§ National Forensic Science University
§ India’s First Indigenously Developed HFC Bus
§ India’s First Commercial SSA Observatory
§ Launch of Artemis I Mission
§ Climate Finance
§ Kerala’s Protest against ESZ Notification
§ Tropical Ozone Hole
§ Environment Impact Assessment
§ Ramsar Sites
§ Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction 2022
§ James Webb Space Telescope’s First Images
§ Abort Mission for Gaganyaan
§ 5G & Fiberisation
§ Monkeypox
§ Jagriti Mascot
§ China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)
§ CAATSA
§ Chabahar Port
§ Windfall Tax
§ MIST Submarine Cable System
§ India Innovation Index 2021: NITI Aayog
§ India: Top Remittance Recipient
§ Jawaharlal Nehru Port
§ GIFT City and Bullion Exchange
§ Agriculture Census
§ PMLA & Supreme Court
§ Freebie Culture
§ Flag Code of India
§ Swadesh Darshan Scheme
§ President of India
§ Abortion Law in India
§ NEET & Tamil Nadu’s Protest
§ Government Panel on MSP & Natural Farming
§ NIRF Rankings 2022
§ DIGI YATRA
§ Right to Repair
§ Right to Health
§ FEMA & PMLA
§ Draft Medical Devices Bill
§ Swachh Sagar, Surakshit Sagar Campaign
§ National Emblem
§ Mission Vatsalya
§ PARIMAN Portal
§ Centre’s Push for Labour Codes
§ Information Technology Act’s Section 69A
§ Parliamentary Standing Committee Report on Mediation Bill, 2021
§ Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI)
§ International Day of Cooperatives
§ India’s Defence Exports
§ Financial Services Institution Bureau
§ States’ Startup Ranking 2021
§ Development of Enterprise and Service Hubs Bill
§ I2U2 Summit and Food Security
§ The African Union at 20
§ Mekong –Lancang Cooperation
§ India Stack Knowledge Exchange 2022
§ Hadron Collider Run 3
§ TiHAN: First Autonomous Navigation Facility
§ HPV Vaccine
§ Forest (Conservation) Rules, 2022
§ UN Oceans Conference 2022
§ India’s Largest Floating Solar Power Project
§ NFSA Ranking 2022
§ Global Gender Gap Index 2022
§ Mission Shakti
§ World Population Prospects 2022
§ National Investigation Agency
§ China’s new High-Tech Aircraft Carrier Fujian
§ Fields Medals 2022
§ LE Update: With both CLAT and AILET coming closer, we are doing some changes in GKFiesta to
make you guys REVISE the topics and concepts thoroughly.
§ In the complete series, we will be conducting 10 GKF Tests which will cover last one year’s current
affairs based 750+ GK questions comprising of extremely important 100+ topics.
§ What’s the process?
§ 1. Every Tuesday & Friday there will be a GKFiesta test of 25 minutes on your portal which you can
start anytime between 8:00PM-8:25PM.
§ (NOTE: NO ONE WILL BE ABLE TO START THE TEST AFTER 8:25PM.)
§ 2. Test discussion and analysis of each question from 8.50PM to 10:00PM on the same day.
§ 3. Ranks will be released by next day.
§ 4. 1/4th negative marking will be there in test