Modern Essays (Group A: Chances 90%-100%) 1. Tolerance (Most Impo: t) 2. Sclence and values (Most Impo' 3. Pakistan and the Modern World (Most Important: 4. The Beauty Industry D rm cssays 1 3 2 5. Whistling of the Birds (Very Iq 6. On Saying Please (Ve dern Essa mo aS Ss roup 2 Nagasakl,Ausgust,1945 My Grandfather a Host ang Guest rtant) 0. Take the Plung BOON J ki! LY Ncity Attempt any [ Wy Wipers rom ti plOwInG: Tolerance Welthen by: M.Gadlir Rafique Call § 09024741124, Whatempp # 69024741124 Poge1Tolerance isa a virtue. It encourages creative abilities of human beings i important especially to keep peace in this conflicting world. EM Fo importance particularly in post war situation. World War I] caused millj iiblths. cause was a false ideology that one nation could be the right lesder, ole world. The writer has condemned this ideology. ‘There are many controversies in this warld. The peaple hate racial, colour, ideological, economic, ethnic, religious, is not possible to bridge this pep. Man can’ "tehange the house they labour in vain who build it Some force. But Forrester denies it. It is the tolerance thal can ensure the world peace. The p and impractical. The likeness and dislike tte ct is Nazi solution. It is very dangerous. It was the anak used iby Hitler. He Mlljq@ millions of Jews on the religious differences, One has to tolerate other if one "tlike, ‘The liberal and democratic solution is the ice of tolerance. It can make human civilization a safe heaven. Tolerance is not a w a way lo coexist. It means merely putting up with people, bei able to stand things Written by: M.Gadir Ratique Call # 03024741124, Whatsapp # 09024741124 Poge24/65 om ‘The evolution from ogriature to Industry wes poste and proanese. Eaborats [Science ond Values} (2016) (12) Compore ond contrast ‘ogricuhturol ond Industrial systems as presented by Bertrand Russell In his “Science and Values”. (2015) > MULTIPLE ANSWER @n. SADERRRAL (FORALL THE QUESTIONS AFIER RELEVAT STARTING) of “Science and values” js about th Z revolutionized every aspect of life. 11 doesn't give MpONtAnce to val .. Seience has helped mankind to solve its problems. and end of fanatical differences alang with o sizes introduction of scientific attitude in lif END OF FANATICAL BELIEFS, ‘There is no place for implementation of world. It believes in individual change it in the outlook and societ a result of science. The dogmatic views of ited. Science has also reduced the bloodshed and roversies and idezs like the use of anesthesia. iin, It creates disturbance iin the world. It has caused world fay ‘war, even distribution of ultimate power and a strict Hon. The world govt. can be formed in this global village d be in the control of the world govt. which can be use of force. The effarts of scientists can be centralized for sclentific method of detection, finger prints, telephones, street lights and the psychology of crimes and punishment have belped greally to reduce the the crime- rate specially in Europe. CONCLUSION, It can be concluded that science has brought revolutions in social, intellectual, religious, economic and ideological aspects of the society. ‘Written by: M Qartir Rafique Call # 03024741124, Whatuapp 8 030247411245/65 om ‘The evolution from ogriature to Industry wes poste and proanese. Eaborats [Science ond Values} (2016) (12) Compore ond contrast ‘ogricuhturol ond Industrial systems as presented by Bertrand Russell In his “Science and Values”. (2015) > MULTIPLE ANSWER @n. SADERRRAL (FORALL THE QUESTIONS AFIER RELEVAT STARTING) of “Science and values” js about th Z revolutionized every aspect of life. 11 doesn't give MpONtAnce to val .. Seience has helped mankind to solve its problems. and end of fanatical differences alang with o sizes introduction of scientific attitude in lif END OF FANATICAL BELIEFS, ‘There is no place for implementation of world. It believes in individual change it in the outlook and societ a result of science. The dogmatic views of ited. Science has also reduced the bloodshed and roversies and idezs like the use of anesthesia. iin, It creates disturbance iin the world. It has caused world fay ‘war, even distribution of ultimate power and a strict Hon. The world govt. can be formed in this global village d be in the control of the world govt. which can be use of force. The effarts of scientists can be centralized for sclentific method of detection, finger prints, telephones, street lights and the psychology of crimes and punishment have belped greally to reduce the the crime- rate specially in Europe. CONCLUSION, It can be concluded that science has brought revolutions in social, intellectual, religious, economic and ideological aspects of the society. ‘Written by: M Qartir Rafique Call # 03024741124, Whatuapp 8 03024741124to fete) LZ) a ) How were the Muslims of india lustified In their demand of g seporote Miimeland in India? (2015) ¥ 4) ot were the bosic bellefs of the Muslims os described b @ + “Potentiolly, therefore, the creation of Pakistan has b have been o perpetual danger zane In Asio ™ says Logue Poliston ond the modem werk how hos the pol gto at All Khan, Two Stotes In thy} parveularty America owes to the people Q (1373 Whe oque thon’s expectagions from America ond the western wortd? (2036) > MULTIPLE ANGER: Uagat All Khan wants to butid giijiprelategipysith westem powers and he projects the circumstance that caused the creatg@iilbPakistan. There were two nations living In the subcontinent. They couldnt get ay fpsch other. He gave many reasons for Independence In his an He oN ao tance to freeriorn andthe Noaesiprpnldirhaes People. Liberty doesn m th emapentyy it The Hindus and the Musiims rent sodlaly, ralcally, Weologically, historically and religiously. They belleved Ines dfstem, practiced usury, worshipped the cow and did Injustice to the worng > believed in equality, justice, interest-free economy, Private ownership gid pis. The subcontinent was too big to control, f PiStan and drew similarity between Pakistan and America. Both omy and believed in civil liberties. He also wanted cooperation of w bom state. He mentioned the problems of lack of capital, Y, refugees settiement, backwardness and unskilled administration, Qur ¥ by He compares the modern warld pase oF similarity: of democracy and political values. He desires to have the western werid especialy: America in the esis of inowlesge, skill f works powers In the world peace and stabilty of democracy. Ha also draws in and other Asian countries. The Beauty Indust Written by: MLQadir Refique Call § 03024741124, Whateapp 0 030247411247/65 Beauty Industry Ig Biel Iranieal manner. Th Pup to such an extent et ft has seca as an Industry. trada* It ls fot 130 milion pounds wil ot decline because ‘every woman is her age gnd to decorate her physical appearance, The writer compares It with Is be@ful euretirely but ugly Inside. he Says, isappearing because (they have hidden their white halr and wrinkles. The prously that they look younger and healthier like their daughters, It will be lsh between grandmother and a daughter one day, The ‘old lady’ Image Old fashioned. The modern witch will be golden, curly and cherry- tipped, neat- |. This may be due to the modern cosmetics and foods. It is Ironical that they decorate their cuter self but ignore inner self. They are hollow Inside spiritually. The real and ideal beauty (s inner beauty according to the writer. The spiritually, ‘Written by: ML Oedir Rafique Call 6 03024741124, Whateapp 8 03024741124harmony and purity are great virtues for the women. t they are immoral inwardhy, they’ are like @ china jar. It has beautiful designs from outside but may be Mithy and ugly Inside, The writer wants to give message that women should avoid psychological ugliness rather physical. The spiritual ugliness of hatred, lust and greed Is bad for a society, Human race can be beautiful if there Is focus on Inner beauty. &. histling of the Bird The change from autumn to spring is described by the writer. “WHISTLING of BIRDS" Shows is wrhers love for pote. Whistling of birds Is a symbolic "Wrange of seasons takes place with many effects on Ife. The transition trom winter; appens. It is aiso 8 change trom war to peace. It shows two aspects of nature, © and hs N was written ater ihe Gestruction of World War II. Winter mail birds dle owing to hard frost. There Is no chirping of is, pictures of nature and similes f. This picture shows his love for nature and theme af transition. Id. Only change Is enduring. Sorrows and happiness go side by winter, everything gains tts colour. Winter death changes to the life chirping. However a few are atrald of past experiences. Everything ive. The Mowers appear In spring. nings and new birth to life. Change |s the rule of nature. Every natural thing has to change. The circie of life goes on. ‘It the Circe of Ufe And It moves us all Through despair and heos (Tim Bice) All these realistic pictures of nature refiect Lawrence's love for nature. ‘Written by: MLOudir Rafiqua Call § 03024741124, Whateapp 8 030247411249/65 In this essay, the writer tells us that there Is no legal punishment against discourtesy and bad manners because they are not legal offenses, Law does not do so much to make social Interaction sweet and smooth as to do good manners. No law compels us to be civil or courteous to others. Law can punish one for some physical offense anly. Tt can punish thief, » burglar, or one who physically attacks us. We can’t box people's ears far misbehaving with us or being discourteous to us. The writer gives the example of a |iftman to clarify this point. Once a passenger who wanted to 90 to the top of a building sald "Ton" to the liftman. The liftman threw him out of his lift because he expected of him to say “Tou pleases”. It means that the |iftman punished the passenger for being discourteous to him. ‘The liftman wes fined for throwing the passenger out of the lift because he was not justified In doing so. The liftman was legally at fault in throwing the passenger out of the lift. The passenger was morally at fault for not saying “Piguge™ to him. Therefore he was not legally punishable, but the liftman, on the other hand, was legally punishable as he had physically attacked the passenger. Hence he was fined. ‘Written by: ML Qadir Rafique Call § 03024741124, Whatuapp 8 0302474112410/65 This essay is the narration of the destruction caused by the nuclear attack. It person narration In which the writer shares his tragic experiences of dest World War II, American aircraft 8-29 dropped an stomic bomb, It caused nan Intense.’ powers to avold It. The writer narrates that It was a sunny day. All of a sudden, an ai! bomb. The black rain started to fall. The blue sky tumed to bi radiations, They were more than 7000 ralds in Intensity. It coming back from hypocenter were In miserable condition. ‘Thousands of people were sertously Injured. The nalse of looked like ghosts. They too died after a few days. The In black color. The bodies were burnt. The condition of 5 as more miserable. It was a big problem to dispose them off. So these were pl burnt with the help of woods. Than te recall a hangy time” Dante Alishiert My an account of past memories of chiidhaod. The Past is always Inspiring for everyal n becomes nestaigic in his old age. W.B Yeats remembers his stay at his maternal grandparePespecially during summer vacation. His memories of pains, sadness and happiness are the main themes. His past has the lack of confidence and uncertainty. His memories are mostly concemed with the character af his grandparents. He was very strict and feared by everyone. He had set discipline in every matter. Nobody could break them, The timing of meals and door locking at night were fixed. The writer was not allowed to play with the servants. The grandfather was brave and courageous person. He had Writien by: MGadir Raique Call # 03024741124, Whateapp # 63024741124 Page11/65 served In army. Once he freed a Spanish city but he never discussed with anybody. He always kept hatchet with him at night to deal with any thief, He didnt believe In law and police and wanted to deal with the thief at his own, Grandfather was religious person. The writer was always afraid of wrong doing and punishment, Though he seemed strict, yet he was not unkind and harsh with anyone. He had passed life of isolation and thus remained reserved and quiet. He had na brothers ang sisters. He was proud of him and his powers. Once he jumped Into the sea to check a shi others were reluctant. The writer couldn't fulfill his desires due to his grandfather's attil fe uneducated but he Ilked to read books. He had travelled much and got different Qhina, India and Jordon. These things were decorated In his house. » It Is concluded In the end that Yeats had no serious problem at his eeaterval bo problems made his life difficult for him In his childhood. ‘4 (if contrast is asked) His wife was oppasite to him In every respect. She was v gece: woman. She was very loving to Yeats and often gave him eatables. She ire of her gardens and handiwork. She was kind hearted, considerate and helpful to he was romantic In nature so her room was decorated with paintings. The ai that his grandmother punished him mildly once. His uncles and aunts were humorous. gone under change wi]!ibe, pasdlike of time. The Roman used the similar word for the bast and the guest, Ix means that they had oo RGB between ther. The human civilization developed and bospitality got a potitive instipce It is the virme which developed mutual interaction and good relations among human beiogs. ‘There are {fm good host. He doesn't become # professional in treating others. He is kind to others and ly. He doesn't remind others his kindness. He treats strangers and friends alike. The guests |. One is parasite who depends upan others. He is selfish. He reaches the feats uni peer is everything for them. The second type doesn't pay thanks. They find fault with the foods aul be full of grace ad dity. He dosn't reach without Lvton. He gives Bd babis bost and doesn't contradict him. ‘The human Mstory is full of such examples in which man had showed bad examples of bospitaliry. Lady Macbeth and Macbeth poisoned their king in a feast to get kingship in Shakespeare's play. Take the Plunge ‘Writien by: i. Gacic Rafique Call # 09024741124, Whatespp # 0302474112412/65 m coaniceay Dink De weer on a eee. a touch ef humor too serious event, do > MULTIPLE ANSW = Determination la the jor to success” = hes plunge . ue story of courage a ‘T.latha first person narration 2 J 7 eriter, It gives the message of hope and optimism. She gives an sccount ‘0 before and after jumping from the plane. Different circumstances covidnt on from doling some thrilling and Tt shows her brav determination. blems, But she overcame them snd proved that ‘She joined a parachuting club and got Training. She g =, She wes fearful eS jump. But her instructor forced her to Jump. It was pleasant ck me eee opened. It gre fr hera sais. she ened she proved that challenges = mde ‘only for brave people. NOVEL THE Old Man and The Sea ‘Wotton by: M.Qadir Rarfique Call 02024741924, Whatsapp # OSE24T411241Santlago, Struggle with Marine (Most Important) 2.Santlago Character ,skill and Life (Most Important) 3.The Theme of Victory and Defeat (Most Important) 4.Manoline Character and Relation with Santiago «= (Most Important) The big fish as living Character (Very Important) Santiago Isolation (Very Important) Sea as Living Being (Important) Old Man fight against Sharks (important) Q.NO.26;,% Ans: Santiago is the boro and cont e of the navel, ' The Old Man and the Sea’.He has great heroic spirit. He is ‘and careful. These are the qualities which are very helpful for him in bin missi think that these thing belp bir in his success. In the first place, as a confi be ha strong determination .He spends 48 hours with the Marlin with pa jhe has a hope to gut it. He addresses the marlin , yl! you dead beihre this day ands.” This atatement of his confident level and determination. Secondly, be bas a’ ty of the bravery. He fights against the Marlin and sharks with spirit of bravery. Alt in tired, yet he does not lose heart. He fighta till the Inst the last limit of his gtrength. He ia of the view , “Man can be destroyed but not dathated. he in not recklews person, He is very careful in bis actions . While tbe loan bimaclf of it, He doce not try to abow hia power by pulling Santiago ia really a hero of the novel. He ia old yet be ia hero because ‘hie was ald, axcept bis ayaa and they ware cheerftsl and undefeated © 2. Character of Santiago e Herole Spirit of ofd man... 9) ) Eight eosinst martin without being despaired... Writen by: MOacie Rafiqua Call # 03024741124, Whatuapy @ SC2474112414/65 Multiple Question with Single Answer Santtago is the central character of the novel. The whole plot revolves around him. He: because he never loses his hope. “It’s silly not to hope. It's a sin.” He is optimistic even ff nelther complains nor gives up his struggle. He remains fishless for eighty four days. cHorts, He goes with a new zeal every day. ‘“Evary day ts a new day. It (s better to be lucky. He faces many problems but he fishermen call him salaa. They laugh at him owing to his misfortune. But he remains optimist. He believes in human dignity and good luck. ‘comes in many forms* His spirits are high even on eighty-fifth day. He considers that deep into the sea. He hooks a big mariin which has an unusual size, control marlin, He feels utter loneliness, He wants the company of, physical weakness, he continues his fight with martin. He asserts his philosophy of life. “But man ls not made for ” Not defeated. * The fight with martin Is his struggle for encourage him, he talks to the marlin, “Fish, Fil sary’ im dead.” He ls determined to kill It. “Fish, | love you and respect you very much, But | this day ends.” 3. Significance of Dreams yes old, He is unable to 1€ of his isolation and ta the dreams about lions. First, when he is unable to catch any it before he departs on his crowing adventure. He falls asleep and the lions on the beach, Inthe novel, there are fish for 64 days. The first time ts dreams of Africa, He d These lions are a source of fray and strength for him. With the help of these dreams, Santiago is better able him: fide the great trial he Is engaged in. So, the dreaming of lions shows that despite the his resolution that Is unbeaten. 4.Theme of the Novel There are many themes in the novel. 1. Human Dignity Old man and Sea in an account of human struggle against odds. Santiago represents humanity in general. He doean't find fish for eighty four days. Other fishermen laugh at him. He fights againat mariin and abarks, He never losee bope. He remaina determined and resolute. He says, “But man is not made for defeat,” be anid. “A man can be destroyed but not dafeated” ‘Written by: i. Qadir Rrfique Call § 03024741124, Whatsapp # 0247411242. Man and Nature Santiago's Gght in man’s fight against hostile nature. Sen is » symbol of life in which man has to face challenges, Marlin in wishful life and difficult clreumstances, Sharks are the symbol of punishment and hoatility of nature. “7 killed him in selfdefense,” the ald man ssid aloud. “And I killed him wall.” 8. Christian Allegory Old man’s life resembles Chriat's life. He bores pains and difficulties in his life. But he dofeate apparently. But his success lica in hin atruggle rathor material or worldly quin. The last aloep of the old man is similar to Christ on cross. ‘He slept face down cn (the newspapers with his arms eo the pales of hia hands up.” Friendship The friandship between Santiago and Manolin is very deep. It can be symbol of Christian Allegory. Chriat had also his goapela. They are mare than disciple and teacher, Manolin love him and stands by him through thick and thin. The novel ends with their union after a temporary eeparation. He ia reflection of hia youth and source of inspiration, 5. Inclation Man in alone in this universe especially fighting againat adversaries. No one should be alone in their old age, be thought. He gets the company of sea creatures and call the fish his brother. 6. Youth and Old Age Man life goes on changing. In old age. man becomes nostalgic. It inspires and encourages him. Santiago's memories and dreams aro inspiring. 7. Pride as a source of determination Old man’s pride in human dignity, himself and hia abilities in another theme, His pride brings courage and determination. PYPNE did ul 2 Why did Santiaga feel thot the fish wars killing hie? “The bia fish is Sontion’s fiend and enemy ot he Ee eh much. But f will kell ome What does the O1d mon say when he says “come ond Kil me: [don’t care wo kis who"? The without bel PNP} and kilt me* 1 core who idlis 5° i s ht the Old Man with must wia, wos Discuss Discuss Martin as 0 chorocter._ be character with Inte and did Son’ thot wos filer? The Old Man In his le the Moriin BK REESE > MULTIPLE ANSWER Written by: M.Qadir Rafique Call # 03024741124, Whatsapp § 6302474112416/65 Santiago's life in » full of struggles. He i. = with prong, iostinnes ‘end old a an. However, hia atruggle with the marlin ia the moat exciting event in the novella. It reoembles Captain Abab’s struggle with « great white whale in Moby Dick. Santiago's epic struggle with the giant marlin continues for almost three days in the open sem. Es searched for ‘On the fret day, it in noon when Santiago books the marlin. He trice to pull they fails. Instead the fish otarte towing his skiff. At night, he places a sack as « pad #3 bis back and the line. Once the Gah lunges and pulls him down on his face. He lame and int it dom" she tails al However, be saya, “I'll stay with you until | am dead". On the second day, the fish jumps into the air and Santiago is surprist Santiago's right hand has a line burn and his left hand ia cramped. remembers his hand-game with the Negro to givo himaelf strength, aleepe at aight but soon the fish wakes him up with m jerk. On the third day, the fab starts circling and Santiago grow emaller and smaller in radius. When the fish com Santiago drives the harpoon into its body. The fish leaps and falls in death. le with the marlin in over. He lashes the corpes alongside his boat and starts But 9. “Mon Is not made for: How does Sai Steels Das seme a rie Da es we of Ee Ge es Comat Give a brief the old man commits mistake. The old man is a tragic hero who fights for his pity fifth day, he hooks a big marlin. He goes too far into the sea on the I went out too far.” But he commits a hamartis of injuring the marlin and going very sea. He stabs the marlin and makes the blood oaze out It Invites the sharks. sharks are also test of Santiago's patience and determination. He fights against them until bis end He tries his best to save marlin but to no avail ‘Their attacie is very severe and they take the whole flesh of the marlin. Only the skeleton of marlin remains First attack is of 2 malo shark. Its teeth are liice human fingers. (t takes forty pounds of flesh. ‘Written by: Ml Quctir Rafique Call # 03024741124, Whatuapp 8 0302474112417/65 Santiago attacks with his harps but the shark takes it with the rope He repeats that “a man can be destroyed but not defeated.” ‘The second attack is done by two shovel-nosed sharks. Santiago fights with his knife bound with an oar. He kills both of them but they eat one quarter of the fish, Now, he realizes his mistake of injuring the marlin and going very deep Into the sea. ‘Then another shark attacks. It takes the knife of the old man. His fight doesn’t end bere. testof his resolutions. Two sharks attack before night fall. He fights with his lub. Only half ins. At midnight, @ pack of sharks attacks. One of them takes his club. He fights with the He never yields before them. This time he couldn't stop the sharks from taking the ghol ifthe marlin, “He hk [the shark} without hope but with resolution.” I. Other Fishermen and Santia Discuss the role played by the fate in this novel, le find In the novel, ‘The Old Man and the Sea’ bs has been, ie last success the old man has had Jn catching fish. He Is being named in the native languz form of being lucky. Other ishermen, expecially that of the youth circle, use for hj and examples. Only his peer ishermen Feel sympathy for the extraordinary yet un! ¢ the rest of the town speaks of im in negathve terms. t Ithere, the fife of the old man om land, where we catch the fir glimpse of his heroism. Santiago does not other what the people say about him, for he bel in dedication to the mission. Lack of resources and d poverty of the old man are two other that add to the graveness of the situation. On the piher hand, it is sheer talent of the old Sa him hook the greatest fish ever seen by the ishermen of that town, By all definitions—and despite all —the old man emerges to be a “Champion sherman”. He spends along time:ia 1 big fish, which equates the worth of an ideal Ife for the pid man. 84 empty days compel him to extraordinary to accomplish his high goal. He thus plans to go out farin the ses—beyond . It ls here that the nowellst wants us know that fate is bn all-powerful enitty and that be accomplished beyond one’s reach. Human sphere marks the ‘much effort one puts, little is left In his hand. Only unfulfilled urn by the fate. not mind the derogatory remarks . Witten by: BLGedir Rafique Call § 03024741124, Whataapp § 0302474112418/65 > MULTIPLE ANSWER "They are good_.. They ploy and make jokes and love one another. lice the flying fish." (Hemingway) ‘The character of Manolin is very important in the novel. He is a disciple of the old man in fiahing. Their relaticnabip ia symbolic. It means that he was more than disciple for Santiago. Ho loved the old man and implicit belief in his abilities and good luck. He helps and encourages him. “The old man had tought the bey to fish and the boy loved him “Hia character can be analyzed as the following. Manolin reminds Santiago his ambitious and oxcellent youth. He is tho source of eocouragement in distress. “Now we fish together again.” Though his parents force him ta leave ‘Santiago's boat, yet be continuon visiting him. He belps him in baiting and other apparatus. Ho is thus « paragon of friendship, love and loyalty, ha Both Manalin and Santiago are likeminded. They share their ideas on optimism and DiMaggio. He in the source of inspiration for them. Both are idealiatic. Inve Human Character ‘Tho character of Manolin in true humanistic character. He in divided into hin loyalties. Ho had 2 trong belief in the old man's abilities but he has to leave his boat at the instructions of his father. Expositio id man’ ‘Through Manolin, Hemingway exposes his character. His belief and praise abows that Santiago is the reapected and expert fisherman of his locality. ‘Their relationship is not materialistic rather it is spiritual one. Manclin doesn't consider whether be is in his boat or not. He in the symbol of devotion, loyalty and selflessneas. He prefers tho old man to his father in the end of the navel. Chi bolic Relationsh! Santiago also symbalizes Jesus Christ and Manolin symbolizes his companions. ‘Though they had strong belief in him, yet they leave him in lurch. "There are many good fishermen ara seme proc ones. But there seni yut® 3.Comy arison : L: Santia 0 VS DiMaggio 1 ia DiMMBGo. Santiago never calla him DiMaggio but the Spreat DiMaggio" He emiulatos hima because both are born fishermen, champions and bandicapped. Firstly, both are born fishermen. DiMaggio's father, Giuseppe, was a Sahorman. Santiago musce three times throughout the novella that the great DiMaggio's father was a fisherman. And Santiago is a veteran fisherman of Cojimar in Cuba. Thus both have same backgrounds. Secondly, both are champions, DiMaggio, otherwise kocw as the "Yankee Clippar’, is a Written by: M.Qaedir Rafique Call # 03024741124, Whateapp ® 0302474112419/65 baseball champion. Santiago calls him a player wbo “makes the difference’, And Santiago hand-wrestling champion. He earned the title of “£7 Campeon" by defeating a Negro from Cienfuegos. ‘Thirdly; both are handicapped. Santiago compares his left cramped hand with the bane epur of DiMaggio. He believes that if DiMaggio can play baseball with his osteotype, be can also continue his struggle againat the giant Marlin with hia cramped hand. _ that despite the loss of the fish, he still retains his resolution that is unbeaten. 9 is symbolic in the old man and sea. It's a living character because, and potions In It Ithas many roles In the novel. Hi, Seo as life Bea represents the universe and life In which man finds his ways 0 Op. role. It provides means of livelihood In the form of marlin and takes It through the place for man's test. Buccess and defeat are blessed to man at the same time in this: ‘enough to live on the saa It Ls also a source of isolation. Hemingway's heroes: role ‘when they are isolated. The sea }s Its source. Santiago passes most of his time in the, ronsoling the old man character of sea Ls living because |t provides the old m: ing In lsolation. The sea creatures are ‘source of entertainment for Santiago. He. lks to them. “Why did they malce birds so delicate fine as thase sea swallows when the beso cruel?” seals 3 natural and real world in, Mg ox soa a cms poston in universe. The character of the Old ‘by the environment of the sea. This makes the jpsed through sea. It shows the deep knowledge of the old man his eyes ls similar to the sea. “Byes the Same Color as the fish ts the hero of the sea. Santiago Kills the marin after a great struggle of 48 hours. But he is too Impressed by the Beauty of the marlin. The martin Is & very big fish. It ls bloger than his boat. It has blade and purple stripes. Santiago Is fully fascinated by Mts bulk. That ts why, he says, ~Liows "Bat why does Ne kill Ce marin i the ls s0 fascinated by its beauty, Dravesy and dignity? The answer that be kdils the Martin because he wants to remove the sign of “Salae™, The martin (s a symbol of Ideal ‘Written by: Ml Qadir Rafique Call # 03024741124, Whatuapp # 0302474112420/65 ils tha Martin In self-defense. fe says kiled him invsalttatunes = Having discussed s0, we can say without any hesitation that Santiago is justified in ikllling the mariin because if the had not killed the mariin, It would have been Impossible for him to restore his nama es eat fisherman. ate. 42. THE THEME OF THE NOVEL ] Is the old man defeated or victorious? Discuss. A When the eld man comes bock thare is only the skaleton of fish. What is the theme of the novel? Ls it pessimistic or optimistic? Are you justified with the end of the novel? Give reasons. What bs Hamiogway's philosophy of iifa? Discuss. ‘The novel “The oid Man and the Sam” portrays the strugo! main who goes far into the sem and hooks @ glant fish, Out he hex to face the ettacks of sha at away all the esh of the Marlin. When he comes back, there is only the skeleton of pis E As far as the end of the story is concerned, | think mo one ry that the message pi the novel Is optimistic because all the efforts made by Santisgd Ehink that Hemingway is a life denier writer, But 2 school of critics is of the opinion that Hemingway Is no per of Beath and despair at all. In novel, Hemingway Is trying his best to throw he on the digni grestiess of man, Aer es }s stil ready to make efforts to sustain his name, ot dafuated” a Ube moat important sentence in the ‘buman body is weak and mortal However, man cannot fe failure is avoidable and his attitude is optimistic. Phyeical damage". Santiago's Lacerated bands, fatigued body ahow that he ia destroyed. However, defeat 0's refusal to quit prove that he has a gallant spirit that can ads to “failure. The sharks deatroy the marlin and Santiago fails to . However, failure ia a temporary detour or delay, not defeat. No but is undefeated because be has eluded defeat by hops, pride and attitude determines a fact. “And pain does not matter to a man” is a fact for be thinks it so, Similarly, "A man can be destroyed but not defeated” is m fact, loeophy and a morality for all those people who think it so. ‘Written by: M Qaetir Rafique Call § 03024741124, Whateapp 8 03024741124ecross like jesus Christ The end resembles Christ's position on the cross. His goal is rks. Il his efforts ended in smoke. Only skeleton of the fish remains. He fails apparently Ul heroes of Hemingway are stoic. They don't consider their feelings and ignity. old man loses his battle but never loses his heart. The ending is qgpral tthe end of story he mentions, “A man is not made for defeat_s maz ci} teot ” The novel finishes with this symbolic sentence: “The about lions.” ie change to dreams |s very significant It shows thathe returns: ishful (fe again. His life doesn’t with apparent defeat. The other fishermen start to believe that’ caughta shark due to reat size of skeleton of the marlin. intiago also reunites with Manolin. His remarks of “Fishing as kt keeps me alive’ in end shows his philosophy. It shows the tension that and galn, trumph and defeat, fe and death. This vision of heroism is Sisyphean.