AL-AKHLĀQ

P R E P A R E D B Y F AT H I Y Y AT U N N U R I D R I S
 CONTENTS
1. Definition of al-Akhlāq
2. Basic principles of al-Akhlāq
3. Dimensions of al-Akhlāq
4. Virtue
ØTrustworthiness (al-Amanah)
5. Vice
ØArrogance (al-Kibr)
 DEFINITION
• Derived from word khalaqa which means:
– To create
– To shape
– To form
• Khalqan – a noun which means creation, origination and
formation
• Akhlāq – the plural form of Khuluq
• Khuluq – innate or inborn characteristics and natural
disposition of man
• Akhlāq can be good or bad
 DEFINITION
• According to Imam al-Ghazali, akhlāq means:
– An established state(condition) of the soul from which
actions proceed without any need for prior
thinking(reflection) or deliberation.
– Akhlāq is neither:
• Knowledge of good or bad
• Capacity of doing the good and bad
• Action of good and evil
– But it is an established or fixed position of a soul.
 DEFINITION
• Therefore, akhlāq depends on the nature of the soul.
– If the soul is good, the person has good akhlāq
– If the soul is not good, the person has bad akhlāq
• Good akhlāq is called “praiseworthy character”or al-
akhlāq al-mahmudah
• Bad akhlāq is called “blameworthy character” or al-akhlāq
al-madhmumah.
 DEFINITION
permanent
Stability of
character
constant
However, the
state of the soul
must fulfill two
requirements:
Willingness
Easy and
spontaneous
behavior
Sincerity
 DEFINITION
Therefore, Islam
There are 2 aspects of
emphasizes on taking
human:
care of our:

Khalq –the physical

Physical appearance
aspect/appearance

Khulq –the inner character

Character
behavior
DEFINITION
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF AL-AKHLAQ

Tawhid
Nubuwwah
Shumuliyyah
Thabat
 1. TAWHID
• The belief that moral standards come from Divine authority
• He is the Source of laws and morality
• is the only source of truth, goodness and beauty
• The Divine morality emerges in the Quranic concept of God as the
One who possesses the best attributes.
 1. TAWHID
• The concept of Akhlaq is also founded on the worldview that man
is a trustee and holds responsibility of being a vicegerent (khalifah)
of Allah.
• According to the Qur’an, belief in Allah S.W.T, humility and
observance of good deeds are the foundations of good morals
 2. NUBUWWAH
• The objective of the prophetic mission is to perfect akhlāq.
– Prophet said: “verily, I have been sent to perfect good
character.”
– Prophet is our role model
– His life is a practical demonstration of all Quranic injunctions on
akhlāq. (68:4)

‫ﻠٍُﻖ َﻋِﻈٍﲓ‬-ُ ‫َواﻧ &َﻚ ﻟ ََﻌ َ ٰﲆ‬

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 3. SHUMULIYYAH

• Akhlaq in Islam are comprehensively available in Al-Quran and Al-Sunnah

• It is inclusive and integrated that it combines at once faith in Allah, religious
rights, spiritual observances, social conduct and all other aspects of human life.
• Its scope extends beyond the relationship of an individual with his own self and
with his fellow human beings to embrace his relationship with the universe.
 4. THABAT

• Akhlaq in Islam are permanent and unchangeable as it is based on revelation.

• Islam has its own standard of morality which is everlasting and unchangeable.
• For instance, the moral principles are stated as positive commitments which
must be fulfilled and as negative prescriptions which must be avoided.
• They are designed to build in human being permanent values for his prosperity
and wellbeing.
 DIMENSIONS OF AKHLĀQ

Man & his Man & his Man & other Man & his
Creator fellow men creatures own self
1. MAN & HIS CREATOR
– Carrying out His commands and lead life according to
His will
– Before Him alone should we asked any and everything
– Complete trust and thoughtfulness in Allah are expressed
in his intentions, attitudes, words and deeds
– Gratitude and appreciation for His mercy, bounties,
blessings
– Steadfastness and active worship in performing ‘ibadah
– proper etiquette
2. MAN & HIS FELLOW MEN
• Deals with social interaction and social responsibilities:
– Show kindness to the kin
– Concern for the neighbor
– Respect the elders and compassion for the young
– Care for the sick and support the needy
– Sympathy for the grieved and cheer for the depressed
– Joy with the blessed and patience with misguided
– Tolerance toward the ignorant
– Forgiveness of the helpless
– Disapproval of the wrong
– Rise above trivial
– Fulfill and respect the rights of others
– Enjoin the good and forbid the evil
– Develop a good sense of social conscious and nourish a feeling of human
response
 3. MAN & OTHER
CREATURES
• Utilize it properly
• Ponder the marvels of their creations
• Read them as signs of God’s greatness
• Preserve their beauty
• Avoid any waste and excess
 4. MAN & HIS OWN SELF
• A sound mind, a peaceful soul, a strong personality and a healthy
body
• Prevents himself from involving in any kinds of destruction
• Perform his tasks well
• Fulfill his commitments
• Seek knowledge
• Correct his mistakes
• Avoid all the things that will harm his own physical, mental and moral
• Making the best of their own life