The computer is only able to understand the binary digits.

They
are logical Zeros and ones representing components in the system
they range from the smallest composition of bits, nibbles, bytes,
kilobytes megabytes, gigabytes, terabyte and petabytes this
components form computer words which information is stored as and
vary from computer to computer.
Files are collections of records related to each other. Logical
files do not contain data, they contain a description of records
that are found in one or more physical files. Physical files
contain the actual data stored on the system. The master file
contains permanent records of particular items. While the
reference file is a type of overlay.
FILE ORGANIZATION
Magnetic disk storage is available in various forms like hard
disc, cartridge, multiplayer etc.
A disk pack is a layered grouping of hard disk platters (circular,
rigid discs coated with a magnetic data storage surface). A disk
pack is the core component of a hard disk drive. In modern hard
disks, the disk pack is permanently sealed inside the drive. In
many early hard disks, the disk pack was a removable unit, and
would be supplied with a protective canister featuring a lifting
handle.
The protective cover consisted of two parts, a plastic shell, with
a handle in the center, that enclosed the top and sides of the
disks and a separate bottom that completed the sealed package. To
remove the disk pack, the drive would be taken off line and
allowed to spin down. Its access door could then be opened and an
empty shell inserted and twisted to unlock the disk platter from
the drive and secure it to the shell. The assembly would then be
lifted out and the bottom cover attached. A different disk pack
could then be inserted by removing the bottom and placing the disk
pack with its shell into the drive. Turning the handle would lock
the disk pack in place and free the shell for removal.
Serial file organisation is the simplest file organisation
method. In serial files, records are entered in the order of
their creation. As such, the file is unordered, and is at best in
chronological order. Serial files are primarily used as
transaction files in which the transactions are recorded in the
order that they occur, while a sequential file contains records
organized by the order in which they were entered. The order of
the records is fixed. Indexed sequential method is an advanced
sequential file organization method. In this case, records are
stored in the file with the help of the primary key. For each
primary key, an index value is created and mapped to the record.
This index contains the address of the record in the file.
Finally, in Random method, records are stored randomly but
accessed directly. To access a file stored randomly, a record key
is used to determine where a record is stored on the storage
media. Magnetic and optical disks allow data to be stored and
accessed randomly.