WA alee -Meocecle Contents CCheckist of key points for wring 1. Model answers, with hints and useful phrases 1 Essay 180 1.2 informal ette/ernall p12 3 Semi-formal letter 183 1.4 Report alee piss 186 2. Sample answers 2A Essay ps7 2.2 Informalletter p89 2.3 Semiformal letter p.190 24 Report p91 | 25 article p92 2.6 Review ps3 3 General marking guidatines pia 4 Guide to witing genres 195 5 Additional tasks with suggested plans p96 6 Discourse markers and linking words and phrases p.198 7) Acadericlanguage p.199 Checklist ‘Answering the question Have you + answered all parts of the question and included all the necessary information? + witten the required number of words? + organised your ideas appropriately, using paragraphs where necessary? + written clearly so that itis easy 10 read? ‘Accuracy Have you checked for mistakes with + grammar, such as agreement, verb tenses? + vocabulary, such as incorrect word or wrong word formation? + spelling or punctuation? Range Have you used a variety of grammatical structures, interesting wacabulary and linking words? Style and layout Have you + used a layout appropriate for the type of wrting? + included an appropriate introduction and conclusion? + used language appropriate forthe type of witing? + made your answer interesting for the reader? Would it havea positive effect? Writing reference 179WRITING REFERENCE I Model answers, with hints and useful phrases I.1 Essay (Part |) TASK For work on essays see pages 24,44, | Inyour English class ou have been talking about technology. Now, your English 76,96, and 148. ‘teacher has asked you to write an essay. Write an essay using all the notes and give reasons for your point of view. VPUUVETEVDSEDUUUEEILLL Vad 1 people depend too much on tecnclogy nowadays? Notes: Wie about: 4 communication 2 education 3 (your own ea) Write your essay. (You should wr'te 140-190 words) Model answer eee aowaclays nearly every aspect of Ife i» attected essay should present by technology Computers are usec) For conminication, your own argument: education and entertainment; but de we depend on them 120. mich? DO state the topic in Use your own words 0 use etorical Le people are adraid that i people spend all eee ‘their tine talking to others on their Computers, topic they become unable to make real relationships. hey te through Computers or mobsle phone>, and feel uncomfortable if they are not online Sich people are clearly 120 dependent on technology, although easy connunication has achiariages in the bi2ness world. cach paragraph education bas benefited from technology ao students can find all the information they need in seconds without needing 40 spend time gong through books Ouse linking However, if students lose the ability to think for SEER i thenselies, th '3 not & good thing ne Ht is very easy to find entertainent through ecology, ancl it 1 also Used in film-making. We al! expect fo vee special effects in films nonaclays Ano ee these are produced by technology. But are these Films really better than the filma of the past? DONTIoget 19 2 pressyouropiion In my opinion, we have 10 accept the role of inthe coneson technology nowadays, but we ohovid be aware of the damgers of baconng too dependent on it 180 Writing reference yourfist sentence, but (0 include supporting deta forthe pints inTASK In your English class, you have been talking about the importance of advertising. Now, your English teacher has asked you to write an essay. Write an essay using all the notes and give reasons for your point of view. VEVDNEUDGERUD dddddddddiidl Nowadays there isa great deal of advertising everywhere. Do you think it ‘should be restricted? Notes ‘Write about: 1 health 2 information 7 (your own idea) ‘Sa Useful language + Some people claim that your teznage years ore the best years oF your ite + Itis often said that TVs a bad influence on young people + However, in my view/opinion, + However, on balance, + Firstly itis clear that morey cannot buy happiness + Thereisa strong argument for + Whileitis true/Although it may be said that computer games are stimulating, they may not be good foryou in the fong run, + To clarify the point, there is more advertising on TV than ever before + From my point of view/In my view, job satisfaction is more important than a lage salary. + Itseems clearto me that + Finally its important to remember/must be remembered that... + Lastly, Ifeel that + Tosum up/in conclusion, it seems tome that ‘rite your essay. (You should write 140-190 words) Model answer DO state theropicin your ret santencein ‘general terms inthe — We are swrrowrced by advertising. W is i shops, on posters, on Felevision, in magazines , online — dt i impossible Yo Oe etal areas escape. Is it too much, ach should it be vestvicted? fee eee There is 0 strong argument lor restricting advertising for ane Dowrtelnsem —_— vaheatly tings the sweeds on Helevsion become these ia Saige toes ere ieee ech leer The childven wort to try the products ia the advertisements , ad this com be bad for their health. Childven con't tell the. difference between an advertisement arc a progrataine , and of conse they have ho choice about seeing the advertisement if they ave watching the programme: 0 we inking vekcenen ports —— Os the ether hand, advertisements i magazines give ina new paragraph people the chance to see whit is available ond decide uikether to bay parlicular product or hot, Of eowrse , there is also the point that too many advertisements excowage pecple to spend money they may uot have , which is a bad thing, bot people clon’t have to buy magazines ConTienethatyeur Some people actually enjoy advertisements becanse they 10show hac you coneluson should fellow your agument cleat, appreciate theother pine of view, even if you dont age with ace offen hunny ancl catbe enterfaiing. Honever,, on balance | feel that although advertising has a place iK owe lives, it shoul be restricted om television. Writing reference 181WRITING REFERENCE 1.2 Informal letter/ email (Part 2) For work on informal letters and emalls, see pages 14 and 138. Useful language Beginning the letter or email + Many thanks for your letter/email it was great to hear from youagain, TASK + thought I better write ond give you some more details about. + It's been such a long time since we wrote to each other. You have received this email from your SRP aDe hogs with you? lsh-speaking friend Carole, English-speaking fiend Carol “A ed bel jour hate When you visit me next month, = © pacar ine ao a Introducing the topic what would you hike to do? You sa something about visiting historic + Tknow you're keen to hear about my holiday. places but { know you lie sports as + You remember! told you in my last letter that | wos going t0 well Ive just passed my driving test, ivan eines ae Ending the letter or email you got any questions for me about + Give my love/regards to your farnily your visit? + Please write soon, + Hook forward to meeting up again soon, Write your email. (You should write 140-190 words) Model answer Dosey what youve been doing recent, and give some inceresting deals Ouse your Feds name. Deritwite Deer end, Hi Carole, ‘Thanks for your email - it was great to hear from you. I'm sorry | haven't written for a while, but I've been really busy preparing for my exams. It's good news that you've passed your driving test. Congratulations! DO mention 3 letter oremallyou have recewed fom the Pesson you ae wring to.orrefe wo ashared DO think orn spect dtaisto Include n ech | I'm really looking forward to my visit - thank you again for inviting me. | know you have a wonderful beach near emerence your house and I'd really enjoy spending some time peagaph thsi there. | expect the weather will be hot, so | hope we irate yourleter can go swimming. As you know, I'm also interested in ccceen re Douseinformat = history, so it'd be great if you could drive to the castle in esa: | have a couple of questions. What sort of clothes should | pack? Casual or formal? Would you like me 10 bring anything for you? Id like to bring something special for you and your family from my country. language. | ‘the next town - you told me about it before. | DOrhink of some interesting questions oak, DO mention thereat time that you il see thepersanyou ae wating te I'd better stop now and get on with my studying. | hope you're enjoying driving your car, and I can't wait to meet up very soon! Ouse an appropriate pinasetoend your letter or email 09 Love lithe bes, Best ‘shes. ONT fesh your informal letter for email with Yous sircrey abby All the best, Irene1.3 Semi-formal letter (Part 2) For work on semi-forral letters, see page 86, Useful language + Ihave always been interested in using English in my work + One of the main reasons | am applying for this job is that | want to workin England, + Ihave a lot of experience of dealing with the public + 1am available to start work at any timesfiom the TASK You see this advertisement in a local English language newspaper. LOOKING FOR PART-TIME WORK? ‘We need students of English to spend two mornings | ae ‘a week helping in the local tourist office. Te ee Good pay and conditions forthe right applicants. = ARN ea CARE \Wrte to us, giving information about your level of English detcilsofthe job find explaining why you would be suitable for the job + Lan be contacted on 0849 58-48-43 at any time, ———_—_—__— a + look forward to hearing from you soon. Write your letter. Do not write any postal addresses. (You should write 140-190 words) Model answer Oy which job youare applying for Ira where andvnen youn t arene Youcaninventa eweppet and dt Dear Sie/Madam, 1 am uniting 40 apply for one of the positions helping in the local tourist office which were advertised in “Kent Weekly’ on 23 gust, Tam ninctean years old and come from Switzerland, German is vy mother tongue and I have bean learning English and French For Fine yeare at a comprehancie school. At the moment Tim 2 | coegenseyeur sereag student at Snglich Interrational, studying for the Cambrilge ime aoe ee, | Gat Sa. mention hot the wea inthe and ens. Ite always been interested in working with people. As I haw advertisement ready spent tree months in England, I know the local tourist Sere attractions quite well. T would alko cay that 1 hne a geod menionatyyou 7 Keowledge of ictory and old places becauce I haw read a lot think you ae suitable about the eubject recently. In the ear Future, T would like 4 forthe ot continue etudving English, and so the job in your tourist office would be a great opportunity for me to. improve in. Seen eatint fac aaa aceed 0 whenand haw T arn auilable for interview at any time. I can be contacted cesmtnconnor on O795 SI 32 41 after 6pum every evening, 20 begin and end “Thark you for contidering my application. T look forward to your eter ayau fearing from you. ‘woud other formal bins. Yours faithfully, Gabriella Daniele Writing reference 183MR 1.4 Report (Part 2) For work on reports, see pages 66 and 128. Useful language Introduction TASK + The aim of this reportis to + This reportis intended to The school where you study English has decided to spend some money on either buying more Reporting results Computers or improving the library. Write a ; report for the school director describing the Mess peorie gg te feel chats benefits to the schaol of both these options, and + Several people said/told me/suggested/thought that recommending which one the schoo! should presenning let spend money on, z Write your report (You should write 140-190 “NPIS pane euee sted tales recon: wor + They made the following points: 1 ZI Making recommendations + Iwould therefore recommend that we expand the library Instaling a new coffee machine. + Itwould seem that bannina mobile phones is the best idea Model answer Use oF money for school improvements DONT beginandend! Inkreduction {your report with DearS ‘The alm of this repert is to compare the adantags of baying Madam heater. abitional computers and oP improving the library, ank to suggest 0 say how you collected Which weld be best. T asked students for thule sews. seine Doweheadngs because Buying more comouters. this makes easier forthe Some students thought ths was a good Hea as computers reader to fii the main were useful fer: infermaten (0 usea range ofspectic + practising writing using the internet vocabulary or sex phrases 9 Somethoughe this (DO include twa or three © plaging. games. ieee merge poiundereah reading, “—Oters ad that thy prefered to te thir im compare preci paaccrae noon real peor CONT ee aaa Cee cages and dramatic languageas you doinastoy Areport giestactualintrmation The majrity of students preferred this susestion, for the Following reasons: | Many do not hie 4 quel place to werk at home. The Herary could be a goed place fer priate study, but at present there are vot enough tables and chairs for everyone. 2 More up-to-date reference books are seeded, eien thawgh many shudents wee electron. dictionaries. 3 They want to be able to read books written for yang people, without having to. buy them, Recommendations Th wat felk by most sludente that improving the Mbrary DONT include relevant detals or desertion wuld be rere lef ad that aking 10 the workspace coaossonners Ouse omllonguage a falas tees Cormeee prt yourreport stulents 1 would therefore recommend. spending money in CORRS EN oropinions unt the yas conclusion, 184 Writing reference1.5 Article (Part 2) For work on articles, see pages 34 and 106. | TASK You see this advertisement in an English language | magazine, E y {the most important celebration in your county? ‘Wty itso importan’ What do peop so? {Write ws an article answering these questions “The bes articles wil be published in the magazine, Write your article, (You should write 140-190 words) Model answer Useful language Involving the reader + Are you thinking of getting marred in the near future? + Tm sure you'llagree ives great idea Developing your points + Let's start with why itis so important to take plenty ofexercise + Another advantage of using a computer's that + Ontop of that, Giving your own opinion + think that/In my opinion traditional celebrations are very important. + It seems tome that people are much more aware of the importance of agood det nowadays, Olinda’s carvival - something Sor everyone othinkefan Interesting tte Use ce most. people thine of Camival, they thetegnen nthe tosifthere ratte only ci en, wnteonect Ei yeur own, In the world! Carnival has its origins the Porte AFrican sh streets. T love the The best one has to 100 fish your article bysummarsing yourmaingoint na ‘ing your opinion corexpressing your feelings ‘think of Bio de Saneiro. But Pio isn’t the in Brazil that knows how to have parties. I lve in Olinda, a lovely city in the north-east of Brazil What can we say about the carnival at Olinda? Just that t's the best Sin ancient Egyptian and Roman Festivals, TE was troduced to Brazil sguese, and was nflenced by s and Indian costumes. Now it’s 4 big, national celebration Chee Camiva starts, the whele town crazy! Everyone's singing and dancing, Parades of people wearing cestunes typical of ow north-eastern Folclore dance through the gjant, street dolls, both th traditional ones sich aS ‘the man of midnight? and the new ones that appear each year about ow carival is that no and there are no big stars Everyone takes part, rich and poor, old and young, residents and towssts TF you come, I promise you'll never Forget it! DO try to invee your reader directly, 09, by sng @ question Ouse informal language oirwahe the reader. DON forget to cexeressyour opin. Writing reference 185A Mati ciaaanas le 1.6 Review (Part 2) For work on reviews, see pages 54nd 118. TASK | You see this announcement in an English language magazine. fa mes) We want your views on films being made today! Write us a review of the last film you saw. Tell us about the story, characters and any special features of the film, and whether you would recommend the film to | other people. The best review will be published in the magazine. i SS \write your review (You should write 140-190 words) Model answer Useful language Introduction + The film I would like to review is: + Thelast film Isaw/book Iread was Summarising the story + It'ssetin + The story is based on a book + Itsabout + There are many memorable characters including + The main theme ofthe fis + What the firm is saying is Recommending the film + Iwould recommend this film to anyone. + Although | enjoyed it, would not recommend it for + It’s one oftthe best shows I've ever seen, + Although lam not normally keen on musicals. 'm glad that I decided to go. + The fr lifts you out of your everyday life. The last film 1 saw was not new; in fact ¢ was The Lord of the Rings 203) what tem isabout butrotin too ——I¥ is based on the well-enown back and tells the ‘much deta story of a creature called a habbit whe takes a dangerous magic ving back to the place where. it I Wai made in order to destroy it. There ave mony | memorable characters apart from the hobbit and | bis friends, includng a wizard called Gandalf ond a suspicious creature. called éellum pO rememberto mention important o mmemorablecharacters, but dont spend too rmuchime desciing them, aes This is a film about friendship ard loyalhy. However, range of nieresting ih is the special effects that make it truly magical | ocbuliny bn) © — There ave vivid battle: scenes with fantastic. animals thefimeoiteforte (0 remember» a and birds, ond sets that ave so imaginative that i a want te believe they ave veal. But as well as this, the: actual lacations ave beautiful too. explain yourideas Ceaty and to Ene pateorehs togethes 1 would recommend this film to anyere, even those, Who do not usually enjoy fantasy fiims. what I would — 00 enenberioaive say to them 1S ~'go and try iH! Like me, you might find your opinion ath that the. film lifts out of ever life into a {isthe purpose ofa Se eee ore | 186 Writing reference2 Sample answers Sample answer The following scripts were written by students. Read the {general marking gudelines on page 194, and use them to help you assess each answer and decide on its strong and weak points. Then read the comments given and the suggested band score, and compare your ideas. belive that snopping can be one of the ingortant things people da, lite eating and steeping, and far some sheping is their ehanoe 2.1 Essay (Part 1) TASK | | In your English class you have been talking about what | | people do in ther free time. Now, your teacher has asked you to wnlte an essay ‘Write an essay using all the notes and give reasons for your point of vew. | THUVTYVTVIVPEDDUEEL Vdddd aad Meny people in a city go shopping in thei ree time. Do you think this has any value as 2 leisure activiy? Notes Write about: 1 relaxation 2 social acivty 3 _ (your own idea) ‘Write your essay. (You should write 140-190 words) | Comments 40 do their Favourite things Lie waking oad wecting friends On the one hand, Z think that is true that shagpeny las a0 wl im some Lifestyles. Perle tron of shaping ony as 8 chacce fo do nhatoier ey wnt, Rad tha if is am escape rom doing tings they suenlé do. = wean pole gp shying instead of de werk. Thay dow think oF going 10 sigh secing or interesting things. However, others think of it as w chance te meet some Friends nha you only see from tine to ine. Zn addition, itis useful tine to disouss cer day problems ~ for example, pon tae got some problems, im that shaping tme you mignt listen fa others problems and think that yours ave voting compared to theirs. Zt cam mate a brenc fron every diy wer pressive and seit is valanble For some who lave a hard job ond lifestyle. Za conclusion, it's true that buying things as little value, but people are different, which wneans that shaping will be priceless for some. This answers the question clearly and uses a wide range of vocabulary and some good expressions (eg. think hat yours are nothing compared to thes). The paragraphs are clearly introduced with linking words (e9, On the one hand). However, there are some grammatical mistakes (ea. instead of do work), The style is appropriate, and the writer has included interesting ideas of their own about discussing problems with friends when shopping, The conclusion clearly returns to the question and givesa nice summary ofthe writers opinion. A very good communicative achievement. Band 4 Writing reference 187BM Thlddlllddldidiidiiiy eddaadddadddiidddliddl Nowadays people buy products that come from all | over the word instead of tings that come fom thle | local area, Do you think this is a good idea? | TASK Inyour English class you have been talking ‘about consumerism. Now your English teacher hhas asked you to write an essay. -----. (your own idea) ite an esayungallthe noxesandghe — reasons fr your port of ven Vite bout 1 employment | | 2 aualy ot products } | teyour essay (You should wite 140-190 7 | | - | words) Sample answers A 8 Eveagtong in the word abiaus has savertagh> and ceadvantages, As local praducte, tt doesnt owe fomoue brand, bet Fr can help many people get 8 god ob, are get @ Fgh CONE: To begn uth, ¢f contelates varios types of pos fer pecrle. Ae a contry able to eateate Jeet citizens +0 proaice ther aun promt, thie | ual bring plenty of careers for trese pearl. Neo the. proaxts can be more fresrer and mrove ealmner becoise. trex are home made crthovt ang chemical that harmful people's eatin On the other bend if we We in that area sn ue vse that preaitts Too, we can know clearly roo they, made i because ve can go to the company of paces whece they were made. for example, bread, i we wart to know how Tf vse nace and ubat they pir nif, we can go 40 re piace where tt mace. So we can gh the people Feedback and help tem #o. Improve: So m miy eprion if is better to bey local proaicte retner than bought proacts from ether coutces There are many reasons to support domest i is cared Support domestic predwet: + Firsthy, jobless i sebtes in own country can be reduced bebause more pecple will have enplovnent, Acta rant i that basing lel prodvets ic mere comlenient and mare retible. For example, if you get Ene predets thal are nol rates teow obortey may get products that don't have our mative | Mnguage on it. Tas, haw eam yout read the ase or | ‘the benetit of it? And this will ont a deal of problem. Neeson ee: On Fhe other bad tare will shill hae soe isndmantages about this point. Some people want to ‘bay preduet from afl oer tne world because they want t0 try ew Pepe crample focd they want | 40 try. sem tasty, o for mobile phone, they dant to ‘fry iF it's better tham focal predust or set. q ies tates E shrongty disngree about tre sentence that it is good Hing’ to buy foal product: impr frm all 068 he wrk bette wat of the ts, xn new thi: peg emghage talc “castes | \ Comments ‘A This has afaily good range of grammar, and the answer is well organised in paragraphs with appropriate linking words, The introduction is alittle confusing but the conclusion works well, and it is possible ta understand the ‘writers viewpoint, The writer has used the idea of working with local producers to give feedback as their third point. ‘There are some grammatical mistakes (eg. more healthier, haw people's health). The style is generally suitable for an essay. A satisfactory communicative achievement. Band3 188 Whiting reference B This has no introduction to the topic, and the ideas are not clearly expressed, The writer mentions the lack of | native language and trying new things as his own ideas, ‘and uses this in his conclusion, There are grammatical mistakes with articles and some sentences are not clear (eg, for example food they want to try nev tasty) ‘The conclusion does not seem to follow the argument logically. The essay just about has a reasonably satisfactory ‘communicative effect and would just reach Band 3.2.2 Informal letter (Part 2) | Task : You have received this letier from your English~ speaking fiend Tom, eo Write your letter. Do not write any postal addresses. (You should write 140-190 words) Sample answers 8 A Dear Tom, tit How are you? ‘hank you for your letter! I'm very happy out your plas! OK! Hf you let me Hao your areal tine, | wil! ‘cone to you, at Nita airport 1"te thought about aur plan in Japan, | brow yoo realy like oofea! ‘So, how about visiting stadia of the World! Cop? You can visit @ locker room im Yokohtnt. ternational Stadion where the Final was held, and yeu can see autograpo of Brazilian setiont! ean wenbers. | > there In July, apan 19 very hot, bot sometine> 1 ‘oa hetvy rain so yo) Have 10 bring an Unerelit ‘aad! there are lots of mosquitoes, you must bring ‘a medica! crean fo protect yourself agairot then. De you have any speci requests? you have any, please let me trad. Vl fry 40 do! 1m fookng Forutral to your reply ard 0 meeting you in lyf Loto of late, Yoke I Comments A Allparts ofthe question are dealt with, in an appropriately informal style. There are some grammatical mistakes (eg, there sa heavy rain) and problems in pronoun use (eq, ly todo it) but the student uses tenses accurately and shows a good range of vocabulary, and the paragraphs are clear and well constructed. The letter has 2 positive effect on the reader. Band 4 Ill definetely be able to visit you next aly ~ ie to come? Wiket will we be able to do together then, and har would you recomend | sce? Should | bring anytieg special with me? Any advice For me’ ic thar a good 7 How can we travel around? Dear Tom, Net te hear from you. Tim 20 surprised tat apo AYE On Yow way to Come here this summer. I have, 10 aay that yoove, made. a good decision fest of al, T wold ke to ceconmend os cone Paces where you shodan't mss eich a3 Servtoca, isané. You can have different actwthes there, for erampe, iF yet wodd ike having srbathing. T ink ‘Son Word! is the best chove 10 celax. Don't forget to bang sumwear: T con't tink xe Park 's & good place to vst It's gate cee tong T have to te honest to say thats However if pr re realy interesting m Votting there I cond chow you srovre. Secondky it's the best time come here if Pept areata eS ee ccs T can arrange the shopping table for ups, E don't think you reed 40 berg any op That's becatse. upa can bay them here. Don't forget to prepare. some mote engty satcace for yee shepeng HF ype have any qiestion jot ack me. TY ao best to save them. aS, dest wehes, Cacet B Thisis_full answer to the question, with afaitly good range of grammar, but there ae quite a few ararmatical problems (e9, recommend you some places where {you instead of recommend some aces 1 you which, interesting ininstead of interested ir), Vocabulary problems sometimes make the meaning unclear (eg. (can arange the shopping table for you) Paragraphs and connecting woxds are well used and the style is generally suitable for a letter from a iend It has satisfactory effecton the reader, Band 3 Writing reference 189aa Ruan chassis ol a 2.3 Semi-formal letter (Part 2) TASK ‘You have received this letter from the organisers ‘ofa competition you entered ‘Write your letter. Do not write any postal addresses (Yeu should write 140-190 words) Sample answers A Dear tes ompson, “tok yas very with for te letter} an very pletsed that I've won the price | wall Ide to go 40 San Fraresco bectise | hare never bazn 10 the USA before owete, tere are seveth questo | woud tke to aok ‘rot of al, | woud ihe 10 knw whether the rere Sight 2a orect Saft or tot 1 walld The 42 book @ direct ‘ight becnise i 1» mich nore Confort | uct the t0 bn how log we are being Jeesed eng iy tad H fre ae s005 fh vomig of the afferwoon ls there a dffercace ben Vescaiver tac) Stn Franco concern the pot Yas wrote about & free accomadation with a Family Ne the meas weuded anlar do | have the oporionty to cook by myoelt? Manse let we azo bow the dloftace from the choot ‘aly, | would Ike to ask you A it possible to tty ‘aj sohoo) for an ete week Hf it 19 possible pletse let see trou the price | save 10 py | the 4 thank you in achance for your assistance Ard | Jack Serard 10 hearing from gol 220" Yours sneer pedlers. Moser Comments A Thete is no irtelevant information and the student. answers the question with interesting details There are some grammatical misiakes (eg weare being teachedse ‘ee accommodation) but these dort cause problems in understanding the meaning, He uses quite a wide range of structures although he tends to repeat / would ike to knows Ideas are organised in paragraphs with appropriate vocabulary. The style is sometimes too formal (eg, opinions are otne @> fotse, the siuion © sightly dAterent. In my computer ) could he lois of digital photos. They remind me many emoriea of mj frends apan tod friends whe | wie gard. Wher | get a. homesick, thoy help we. | can Feel Mat wt eed en cet wh wg pce Friends by ewils. ‘he fact that we ine in Foreign a eee shetines tery aiezoll, wt ) coud carat to them whenever | hg Foregn friends 1s very good wring practice, n't of you studied abroad, | wouid recomend you 10 Have conpiter. Tot ae! HY wil athe He 0 mh ‘Comments [A The language is informal: Yes, know, and Trust me! are more like spoken English although the style is also engaging. There are grammar mistakes{ eg. homesick, | recomiriend you). The paragraphing is clear but the introduction is confusing because it includes irelevant information. The answer has a reasonably satisfactory level of communicative achievernent Band 3 192 Writing reference tak. If'3 verg comeniert! And writing 40 h ensier Far you. Morey woda be lovely! 14 ore 40 have a lor of aboot ‘the fee of edication im my fe. T can ee 2 TESS os we 1 ae face Tetefere, T hope that I coud Ten i oa ep wer We other hand, T can help the are. settee omer people whore, from lack of food, tress Be 22 oF he Fea a TV programme whch Srtoweed those: people's stones, T thagjat fT Serre Tid ge realy ceprecsed, SUAIitS certs te ve ised tea way Mf Tam a ech person, T ual spend ahem on not only for me, bt T ato ge an to otnere, ge opportune, B There Isa range of structure and vocabulary but there are mistakes (eg lara rich person, twill spend thern ‘on not only for re), It's difficult to understand what she says about her parents (though they didnt say ro me at all [think...). Paragraphs are well planned but there are mistakes with punctuation and linking words (eg, On the other hand, Secondly). There is informal and inforrnal language (e9. Ofcourse not!/therefor). It has.a satisfactory level of communicative achievernent. Band 32.6 Review (Part 2) TASK Reviews needed! ‘We want to compile alist of the best-loved films ofr of your favourite film. Include information on the plot, special about the film and why you would reco ‘The best review wil ‘Write your review. (You should write 140-190 words) il be published in next month's edition of the recent years. Write a review ‘main characters, anything smmend this film to other film-goers. magazine. Sample answers A T uant 40 tel upe sbost & move aly ascinced aly ‘Liatno basa’ Mee tat Kid arected by Getrele Meera m 200, sme wen Sire cer an Talan oy m the sone actore pay in fact, the acector's purpose = tok ue pernwe of pecpe's Me, The move Tele about ree caus of mo atterent gprecatiens wotced by te Uattcany of fou op are Toke ‘hel ceapretity On the. one hana, there are tiny epee of CH who thnk veddrg ike an npoctant change of Ufe bot rad and cesiotc, therefore. trey are very frgtened Fr aang or. prefereng an affad with coneone, est, 70 coving tren cowple's problems. on the omer rand, fifhy ypore 08 prope ere Frgnrened of efouing old tink tre story lo ceally topeal ard shop & pacepreed eaten, tre actors’ perfomance is reall, (pce, the dalogies are fact ana accurate, Aro © Sereat fim Tact act Arar wie 0 GT Yoo shostes bor tts is thecre's tye bk qooe story, yest actera ana good dalewse> ant cag ‘Lttne Bacio’ io cealy erecta, pot beta ara —— Comments A This review has some style problems and snot always easy to follow. On the one hand/On the other hand does not Ink well to two diferent generations. There isa good range of vocabulary (plousble picture coking responsibly, widespread situation) but some words are misused, €.g. to0 shouted, There are basic grarnatical mistakes, eg, -ing form after prepositions (cfc of grow up). The review only has a satisfactory level of communicative achievement. Band 3 uy feveurite fim is cated IF enly’ 1's por Te a a 15 seh ws Londen and about @ harden luswessman and a lovely vine? weman wan 8 eo bsp to tes cares lee He werk 5 more mpertant than hs gilfnd the concert of ker grasahon hi realises Something but it’s too late bee See ae Seed pio at age ae pees coe his: gribriend. Lees seen tS times. Until I saw it was just love story with ste as was a really vemantic. film The pl of the actress was fantastic. The: - be a bt arhfesal and far-fetched focus on character's feelings yeu 4 geod preceph Den’ calito you ae 1 fall in love or ke vemonce. as and paragraphing are both generally appropriate, writer has given her opinion. There is some inter vocabulary although some words are misused, eg of structures including present perfect andim Mistakes do not usually impede communication I review generally has satisfactory evel of corhmiun achievernent. Band 3 a writing reference 193BMG 194 3 Marking guidelines Both Parts ofthe Writing paper carry equal marks, Here are some guidelines for assessment Band | Content Communicative achievement Organisation Language 5 Al the content is relevant. Communicates both The text is well-organised Uses a range of Thereaderhas allthe | straightforward and and coherent, with a vocabulary, including information they need. | complexideas effectively. | variety cfconnecting _ less common words, words. appropriately. Uses a range of simple and complex grammatical forms with only occasional errors ‘Amixof bands 3 and 5 ‘Nearly all the content is relevant In general, the reader has all the information they need Communicates straightforward ideas effectively The texts generally well-organised and coherent, with a variety of connecting words. Uses a range of everyday vwoeabulay appropriately, There may beoccasional | errors with less common lexis, Uses a range of simple and complex grammatical forms, There may be some errois, but these do not cause difficulty for the reader. A mix of bands 1 and 3 1 | Some ofthe content isitrelevant. Some information needed by the reader is omitted. Generally communicates straightforward ideas appropriately The text is connected and coherent, using basic linking words. Uses everyday vocabulary generally appropriately, while occasionally overusing some words. Uses simple grammatical forms with a good degree of control Errors are noticeable, but the meaning can still be Understood. © | Thecontent's totaly itelevant. The reader does ‘not have the information they need Below band 1 Writing reference4 Guide to writing genres The range of task types in Parts 1 and 2 of the Writing Paper give you the chance to write in different styles and {or different purposes. This enables you to show a range of language across the paper, and in Part 2 you can choose to vatite in a style you feel comfortable with. 4.1 Part | Essay An essay is written fora teacher or tutor. The purpose of an essay is to present an argument or point of view that the reader can easily identify and understand. You should answer the question provided in the task by discussing the two content points you are given and adding a new idea of your own. You should organise your essay into clear paragraphs with a new paragraph for each point. There should be an introduction to the topic in the fist paregraph and the essay shouid fish with an appropriate conclusion that rounds off the argument and sets out your point of view. The style wil probably be semi-formal and ideas should be linked with appropriate words and phrases, 4.2 Part 2 Email/Letter ‘An informal or sem-formal letter or emails written as a respanse fo part of letter or email provided in the task. ‘There may also be a situation you have to respond to, such as an advertisement fora job or course. The letter or email may be written to an English-speaking friend, a possible ‘employer, a college princioal or an ecitor of a newspaper ‘or magazine, Its important that you write in a consistent and appropriate style for the reader of your letter or email, ‘and thet you include all the information required so that the reader i fully informed. Article Anarticle is usually written for an English language magazine, newsletter or website on a topic of general interest to both the readers and the writer of the article. ln an article you may have to give examples to support an idea or comment on a topic. The purpose of an article is ‘to interest, entertain and engage the reader, and so you should try to use techniques to engage the reader such as rhetorical questions as well as a range of interesting language, Report ‘A report is usualy written for a teacher or principal ora fellow-member ofa club or similar organisation. Ina feport you usually have to give factual information about a given situation and make suggestions or recommendations about that situation. The purpose of a report isto give information to enable the reader to decide on a course of action. This means the information and recommendations in the report should be well-organised and expressed clearly. It may be helpful to use headings and bullet points for recommendations, The introduction should include a summary of the purpose of the report, and the conclusion should highlight the recommended course of action. Review A review is usually written for an English language magazine, newspaper or website. Reviews may be about a film a book. a holiday, a product, a website, and so on, The purpose of a review i to inform the reader by describing something and giving a personal opinion about it in an Interesting and engaging way. You should give a brief description of the film/book etc, and provide clear reasons for recommending it 10 others or not. Iris important for you ‘to describe well and explain your opinions clearly so the reader understands whether you are recommending the film, etc. or not, and why. Writing reference 195Bi WRITING REFERENCE 5 Additional tasks wi You should always plan your answer before you start 10 ‘rite. In the exam you should allow time for this, and also for checking for mistakes after you neve finished. Here are some tasks, and suggested plans. Read them to see how the plan works with the task, then try writing your own plan and answer. 5.1 Essay (Part !) TASK Inyour English class you have been talking about students doing part-time jobs. Now your English teacher has asked you to write an essay, Write an essay using all the notes and give reasons for your point of view Mihi Wa ‘Many students do part-time jobs. Is this a ‘good idea? Notes Write about 1 disadvantages 2 advantages oe {your own idea) h suggested plans 5.2 Letter (Part 2) TASK You receive this letter froma travel company about a recent holiday you have had with them. ‘We understand that you were dissatisfied with the holiday you have recently taken with our company, and we would like to find out what happened. Write to Be explaining what the problems were, 1 Jour experienc wore and what 700 WOU like us to do, ‘Write a letter. (You should write 140-190 words) \Wote your essay. (You should write 140-190 words) Plan Introduction Introduce the topic in a general way but dorit give your own opinion, Paragraph 1 Describe possible disadvantages, eg time, low pay. Paragraph 2 Describe possible advantages, eg. earning money for fees, work experience. Paragraph 3 ‘Add an extra point, improved attitude to Ife. Conclusion Give your own opinion about whether a part-time job isa good idea or not. 196 Writing reference Plan Introduction Say when and where you were on holiday with the company. Paragraph 1 Describe the problems, eg, location of hotel, extra costs for meals evening activities, Paragraph 2 Explain your experiences eg. disappointment with holiday, extra expense. Paragraph 3 Say what you want the company to do.OS 5.3 Article (Part 2) 5.5 Review ( TASK You see this advertisement in a local English language newspaper Is life better for young peopie now than it ‘was for our parents? What has improved? What is worse? ‘i ‘Write us an article answering these questions. We will publish the best articles inthe newspaper. | | \Write your article. (You should write 140-190 words) Plan Decide ona title Introduction Introduce the topic generally ~ maybe with a rhetorical question, Paragraph 1 Describe something that is better, 9. technology, entertainment. Paragraph 2 Describe something that is worse, ¢g. pollution, stress and pressure Conclusion Give your opinion, with an amusing orinteresting ending 5.4 Report (Part 2) TASK Your college principal wants to Improve the land around the college buildings to make it more attractive for students. He has asked students to write a report on the Current situation, and make recommendations for using the land, \Write your report, (You should write 140-190 words) Plan Introduction Explain the purpose ofthe report and who you interviewed! Current situation Explain why the land is not nice now, egitis overgrown ‘Suggestions ‘Make recommendations for the land based on student feedback, eg, a garcen, sports pitches. Conclusion Highlight the results of following your suggestions. TASK You see this announcement in an English language magazine. BOOK REVIEWS WANTED Have you read a book in which the main ‘character is particulary interesting? Write us & review of the book, explaining what makes the Inain character so interesting and why you liked them, Tel us whether you vould recommend ‘this book to other people or not. Write your review. (You should write 140-190 words) Plan Introduction Introduce the book and the main character. Paragraph 1 Explain what makes the main character interesting and why you lke them, Paragraph 2 Sum up the reasons you recommend the book to others Conclusion Finish with an interesting or amusing concluding sentence. ing reference 197198. ING REFERENCE 6 Discourse markers and linking words and phrases 6.1 Time sequencers Examples include before after after while, eventually late, then, finaly, as soon as at fist, at fas, wren, while immediately phoned the police. While /vvas waiting for them toarrive, Watched the house. At first, no one got out ofthe car, but after a while the driver's door opened. ‘And then | finally found what ! was looking for. 6.2 Listing points Examples include fst fist frst fal o begin with, secondly, thirdly, finally. Our holiday was spoiled, firstly because the hotel was uncomfortable and secondly because the weather was bad. 6.3 Adding information/Emphasising points Examples include as well as (that), in addition (to), moreover, furthermore, not only ... (but also. ..), what's more, on top of that to make matters worse. infect, as amatter of fc. The hotel was/is orn te beach. On top ofthat, te view from our bedroom window was teble Not only was the hotel miles from the beach, but the view fromour bedroom window was terrible too! In Fact, everyone's different when itcomes to personal taste. 6.4 Giving examples Examples include for example, for instance, such as, ike pop groups such as Take That. ‘My town has alot of things for young people to do. For example, there are three cinemas. 6.5 Reasons, causes and results Examples include asa result, because, because ofthis), $0, therefore, shave vsited Britain several ties ond, as aresult, my English ‘quite good, By theend ofthe day, you haver't managed to ind anything thatyou lite, $9, ou go home fustoted 6.6 Contrast but Burt links two contrasting ideas. Itis not normally used at the beginning of the sentence, ‘Many people argue that TV bad for you, but! izagre with this Writing reference however However can come at the beginning or end of a sentence. it ‘must be separated off by commas. The advert claimed that there were huge discounts for students. However, the discount was only five percent. ‘Tove travelling, idont enjoy long fights, however. although, even though, though “These expressions introduce a subordinate clause of contrast Ifthe subordinate clause comes fist it is separated from the main clause by a comma Although he practised every day, he didnt manage to mprove. [walked home even though it took me two hours. NOTE though can be used after a comma at the end of a separate sentence that expresses something surprising ie lived in the middle of city. We stil had a large garden, though. whereas, while “+ Whereas and while are used to compare two things and show how they are different, ‘he ites football whereas | prefer tennis. My sisters very ike my father, while take ater my mother + Whileis also usedin the same way as atthough. While computers are important, we shouldnt et ther rule our fives. in spite of (the fact that), despite (the fact that) “These expressions must be followed by a noun or -ing form. Despiteis slightly more formal than in spite of. inspite ofthe fact that they are expensive many people wont tobuy designer clothes. Despite alithe research that has been done we stil haverit found a cute for cancer. in fact, the fact of the matter is This s used when you are saying what the'real'ruth of 2 situation i. ‘According tothe brochure, the services fe for students. In fat, students are chorged at the same rote as everyones. On (the) one hand, ... On the other hand, ... “These expressions are used 10 introduce opposite points in a discussion, (Onthe one hand) if! take thejob in Milan, be able 10 go to the opera. On the other hand, if! take the job in Barcelona, i beabletogo tothe beach, otherwise ‘This i used to say what will happen if something else does not happen first. You have ro.choose your holiday carefully, Otherwise, you could be disappointed.7 Academic language For the Writing paper itis important to use the correct style Ifyou are writing an essay or report, it may be appropriate to use language that is academic, Here are some examples (of sentences using: 1 non-academic English, and 2 academic English, 7.1 Nouns function 1 I don'tknow what they will us the new building for. 2 The function of the new building is unclear tome. area 1 Thisis something that we don't knaw much about, 2 This san area that we know litle about role 11 An important way to improve people's eating habits is by educating them, 2. Education plays an important role in improving people's eating habits source 11 We don't know where this information comes from, 2 The souree of this information is not known factor 1 If people are poor, they may commit crimes asa result. 2 Poverty seems to be a key factor in many crimes, aspect 1 If you are il that can affect different parts of your life 2 ilihealth mnay afect different aspects of your life concept 11 Some peaple find it hard 10 understand the idea of climate warming, 2 Some people cannot grasp the concept of climate worming, feature 1 The new sports stadium is an important building in our city 2 Thenew sports stadium isa major feature cf cur city 7.2 Adjectives beneficial 1 The effects ofthe internet are not all good for people wha use it. 2 Notall the effects ofthe internet are beneficial to its usess. varied 1 People replied to our question in lots of different ways 2 Many varied resconses were given to our question, significant 1 Technology is very important in people's lives. 2. The effect of technology on people’ lives i very significant. financial 11 Often, young people don't have enough money. 2 Young people often suffer ftom financial problems. specific 11 The speaker talked about the special problems that people around here have. 2 The speaker discussed the specific problems affecting people ing in this area, sufficient 1 hope there will be enough money from the government tofinish the project, 2 | hope to have sufficient government funding 10 complete the project. 7.3 Verbs establish 1 They started the company in 1978. 2 The company was established in 1978. assess 1 They did research to find out how much long distance runners were affected by diet. 2 Research was carried out to assess the effects of dict on fong distance ninners. identify 1 We can see three big problems in the plans for a new car park 2 Three major problems can be identified in the plans fora new car park. occur 11 Some bad flooding happened in places round the town, 2 Serious flooding eceurred in areas around the town, assume 1 The students think they can use the school hall for, the event, 2 The students assume they can use the school hall for the event, require 11 The main thing a mountain climber needs is a good head for heights 2 The main thing required of 2 mountain climber isa good head for heights, Writing reference 199