General English - Week 12 - pattern of organization (cause-

effect)

Name : Londongallo Yedija Batara

NIM : D091211048
Class : B

Exercise 13

A. Study the following pairs of words and phrases. In each pair, which comes
first in time? Which causes which? Draw an arrow from the cause to the effect
in each pair.

1. AIDS < HIV

2. epidemics < bacteria

3. coughs < colds and flu

4. improperly stored food > food poisoning

5. slow infant development < poor nutrition

6. skin cancer < too much exposure to the sun

7. swimming in pools > ear infection

8. heart trouble < high fat content in diet

9. lung cancer < cigarette smoking

10. skiing > broken leg

B. For each pair above, write a sentence. Begin each sentence with the word or
phrase in the left-hand column.

1. HIV leads to AIDS.

2. Epidemics can be caused by bacteria.

3. Coughs can result from colds and flu.

4. Improperly stored food can lead to food poisoning.

5. Slow infant development can be the result of poor nutrition.

6. Skin cancer is caused by too much exposure to the sun.

7. Swimming in pools can result in ear infection.

8. Heart trouble can be caused by a diet high in fat.

9. Lung cancer is a consequence of cigarette smoking.

10. Skiing can cause broken legs.

Exercise 14

1. C (Coal-burning factories) > E (acid rain)

2. C (Stricter anti-pollution laws) > E (higher prices)

3. E (The death of lakes and streams) < C (acid rain)

4. E (Forests have become diseased) < C (acid rain)

5. C (Coal burning) > E (higher levels of sulfur dioxide)

6. E (Higher infant death rates) < C (sulfur dioxide pollution)

7. C (Coal burning) > E (exterior walls of buildings to decay)

8. C (Anti-pollution laws > E (miners to lose their jobs)

9. C (Special equipment in coal furnaces > E (reduce pollution)

10. E (Decreased pollution from carbon fuels) < C (use of solar energy)

Multiple Causes or Effects Examples

Example a

Cause:
Hurricane Iniki

Effects:
- Telephone lines were out of order
- airport was closed
- homes were damages
- hotels were washed away
- tourists' holidays were ruined
- people lost their jobs

Example b

Effect:
The Frozen Yogurt Company closed its shop

Causes:
- poor economy
- fewer customers
- higher prices
- higher bills and rent

Exercise 15

A. Cause 1: Learning a new language

Effects: a, b, e, f, g, h

Cause 2: Living in a new city

Effects: a, b, c, d, f, i

B. Effect 1: Many animals have become extinct

Causes: a, b, e, h

Effect 2: Many cities are overcrowded

Causes: d, f, g