SHIVANAGAR VIDYA PRASARAK MANDAL’S

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND

ENGINEERING
MALEGAON BK ,TAL- BARAMATI, DIST-PUNE,PIN -413115.

Report
on

MICRO PROJECT
Academic year: 2022-23

TITLE OF PROJECT

Report On Six Sigma

Program: ME Program code: 6-I

Course: IHP Course code:22657
 MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Certificate
This is to certify that Mr. /Ms. Shelar Karan,Pote Prathmesh,Masal Saurabh,Mane Chetan

Roll No.2 6 , 2 7 , 2 8 , 3 4 of 6 Semester of Diploma in Mechanical Engineering

of Institute, SVPM’s ITE Malegaon BK. (Code: 0038) has completed the Micro

Project satisfactorily in Subject I.H.P. for the academic

year 2022- 2023 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Malegoan BK Enrollment No:2100380333,2100380339,2100380340,2100380343

Date: ……………… Exam.Seat No: …………………………………….

Guide Head of the Department Principal

 Group Details:

Sr.No Name of group members Roll Enrollment No Exam

No Seat No

1 Pote prathmesh 26 2100380333

2 Shelar karan
27 2100380339

3 Masal saurabh
28 2100380340

4 Mane chetan
34 2100380343

Name of Guide:- Prof.S.R Shaha

 INDEX

SR.NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.

INTRODUCTION 1
1

2
MATARIAL USED 2

3
CLASSIFICATION 4

4
APPLICATIONS 4

EXAMPLES AND FIGURES 5

5

6 REFERENCES 7

8
 1. INTTODUCTION:-

Oil seals and “O” rings are used in all hydraulic systems, pumps, pistons, pipe connections, etc. An oil seal
used for sealing a rotating member is called a rotary seal. “O” rings are also used for a similar purpose. Oil
seals are used to protect shafts and bearings from ingress of dirt and foreign matter and egress of oil or
grease. An oil seal generally consists of an outer circular metal part and an inner flexible member that does
the actual sealing and is bonded to the metal part by chemical adhesive agents. The sealing member is made
of rubber, either synthetic or natural as the case may be. The sealing lip of the flexible member is prepared
by cutting away the flash that forms at the sealing edge during molding. A fine sealing edge provides
adequate pressure on the shaft to prevent leakage.
The “O” rings are light and flexible and under compression they deform to follow the component parts to be
sealed. “O” rings have a long life. They provide effective sealing under constant or varying pressure, high
vacuum, and high or low temperatures. Rubber “O” rings have a circular cross section. In the molding of
“O” rings, the flash line at 180° is avoided and the same is preferably provided at 45° on the cross section
so that the sealing face is smooth. This is achieved using a proper mold design.
Natural rubber seals and rings are suitable for air, acetylene, cold ammonia gas, alcohols, inorganic salt
solutions, sugar liquors, castor oil, ethyl chloride, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, formic acid, hydrochloric
acid, water, sea water, wines, and spirits. Nitrile rubbers are suitable for organic solvents, petrol, aviation
turbine fuels, hydraulic oils, transformer coolants, mineral oils, etc. High acrylonitrile and medium
acrylonitrile content nitrile rubbers are available which can be employed based on the functional
requirements of seals. Blends of synthetic rubbers are also employed in formulating a compound depending
on specific performance requirements. Neoprene rubber seals are also suitable for the fuels mentioned
above. Nitrile seals are suitable for high aromatic liquids. For extreme temperatures, fluoro-rubbers (e.g.,
Viton) and silicone rubber seals are suitable. Thiokol (polysulfide) rubbers are suitable for esters, ketones,
lacquers, and UV light in the case of static seals.

Oil seals are used to protect shafts and bearings from ingress of dirt and foreign matter and egress of oil or
grease. An oil seal generally consists of an outer circular metal part and an inner flexible member that does
the actual sealing and is bonded to the metal part by chemical adhesive agents.
2. Material used for oil seals:-

Outer case

1 Metal

The metal used in the outer case of oil seals is usually made of carbon steel. Upon request, and depending
on quantities, a different type of steel (such as stainless steel) can be used.

2 Rubber or rubber fabric

The quality of the rubber or rubber fabric used to make an outer case is the same as the quality of the rubber
sealing lip. Fabric reinforced rubber is, as the name suggests, rubber reinforced with a fabric.

3 Spring

Standard springs are made of carbon steel. We use stainless-steel springs for our GR and GRST oil seals
made from FKM rubber. In some rare cases, an O-ring is even used as a spring element. Standard PTFE lip
seals are not fitted with springs.

4 Sealing lip

The sealing lip is always made of a rubber or synthetic material. For oil seals with a rubber outer case (R,
RST, GR, GRST), the rubber quality of the sealing lip and the outer case are the same.

Oil seal materials:-

1. Nitrile
The first material that we are going to look at is Nitrile Buna- N 70 or NBR for short.NBR is recommended
for the majority of standard applications and is the most commonly used rubber (elastomer) material. This
is because of Nitrile's compatibility with most environments as well as its relatively low cost. Generally
nitrile is used for disposable non-latex gloves, footwear, automotive transmission belts, synthetic leather,
hoses, o-rings, gaskets, oil seals, and more.The temperature range of nitrile is −35° to 120 °C (−30° to 250
°F). Due to this wide range, NBR seals can be used for gas oil, silicone oil, animal/vegetable oils and fat,
hydraulic liquid as well as hot and cold water. In addition, NBR is oil resistant and has an excellent
abrasion resistance, so for any application that demands shock absorbers, NBR is a perfect choice to go
with.Some disadvantages of NBR are poor ozone, sunlight and weather resistance as well as limited high
temperature and flame resistance. For higher temperature resistance, a much better material to use
is Silicone. 

2. Silicone 
Silicone compounds or “VMQ” offers a wide range of traditional operating temperatures starting at -60°C
to 200°C (-140°F to 392°F). 
In addition to its excellent temperature resistance, it is also resistant to ozone, light, and weather conditions.
Silicone can be typically found in the food and medical industry as well as in hydraulics and pneumatics. It
is often the preferred material for o-rings, moulded parts and flat seals but is also commonly used for
electric insulators due to the material’s translucency and flexibility.Although extremely flexible, silicone
does have some disadvantages. Many silicone compounds have poor tensile strength, tear resistance, and
abrasion resistance. If you are looking for a material that offers a higher tensile strength, while still offering
high temperature resistance, look no further than Viton®.

3. Viton 
Viton®, a trademarked name of The Chemours Company, is a specific brand of synthetic rubber commonly
used in o-rings, oil seals, gaskets, chemical resistant gloves, and other molded products. 
Due to having a higher density, Viton has the widest temperature range of -40°F to over 400°F (-40°C to
over 240°C) making it a perfect choice for higher temperature applications. Viton® also has the largest
range of chemical resistance, i.e., it is resistant to silicone oil and grease, mineral/vegetable oil and grease,
aliphatic, aromatic, and chlorinated hydrocarbons, non-flammable hydraulic fuels as well methanol fuels,
and more.Although it does have a higher tensile strength and longer wear times than other materials, it is
recommended to be used in dry-running applications sparingly or intermittently. While Viton offers a
superior temperature and chemical range than other materials, it can be more expensive than the others as
well. Let’s take a look at an alternative that is easier on the wallet, Polyacrylate. 

4. Polyacrylate 
Poiyacruiate is a great compromise between cost and quality. It has a high performing temperature and
chemical range, but not to the extent of the range of Viton. The temperature ranges from 31°C to 148°C (-
25°F to 300°F). Polyacrylate is primarily used in automotive transmissions and hoses but also found in shaft
seals, gaskets and o-rings, due to offering a high resistance to hot oil and oxidation. While Polyacrylate is a
great alternative to other high temperature resistant materials that are more expensive, it does have a poor
water compatibility and cold flexibility. The best situation for Polyacrylate is an environment where heat
and oil resistance but cost is the major issue. And while these 4 different materials cover a wide range of
applications, there are even more materials out there designed for very specific niches in mind.
3. Classification of oil seal:-

1. According to method of sealing

a. Positive seals
b. Non Positive seals

2. According to relative motion between seals and other parts

i. Static Seal
ii. Dynamic Seal

3. According to cross section /Shape

i. O ring
ii. T ring
iii. V ring
iv. U cup
v. Flat ring

4. According to seal material

i. Leather
ii. Metal
iii. Plastic
iv. Asbestos
v. Nylon

Failure of Seals:-
•Excessive clearance
•Fluid temperature
•Damaged Parts
•Overloading
•Vibration
•Lack of lubrication

4. Applications of oil seals

1. They prevent leakage – both internal and

external.
2. They prevent dust and other particles from
entering into the system.
3. They maintain pressure.
4. They enhance the service life and reliability of
the hydraulic system.
5. Oil seals examples:-

Lip Seal
Depending on the use, the lip design on any given seal will differ. Many seals have what are
known as "lips" as part of their design. This is true of radial, rotary, and linear shaft seals as well.

Lip seals, in addition to acting as a dam or a barrier, also function as a pump. They are commonly employed
with rotary, reciprocating, and oscillating shafts. The basic functions of a lip seal (also known as a radial or
rotary seal) are to keep lubricants in, contaminants out, pressure contained, and fluids separated.

Radial Seals
Wiper scraper seals include lips as an intrinsic component of their design, hence they are technically lip
seals. It's worth mentioning, however, that a design known as a lip seal does not have a standard. To add to
the confusion, radial seals (another type of seal that is frequently referred to as lip seals) are also referred to
as rotary seals in the United Kingdom. Though theoretically valid, radial is more commonly used in the
United States since the seal is radially electrified (usually with a spring) and is smaller than the shaft.
Mechanical Seal
Mechanical seals are leak control components applied on rotating equipment such as pumps and mixers to
keep liquids and gas leakage into the ecosystem.

A mechanical seal is made up of two main parts. To achieve a seal, one component remains stationary while
the other rotates against it. Mechanical seals come in a variety of shapes and sizes, ranging from simple
single-spring designs to much more complicated cartridge seals. The pressure, temperature, rotational
speed, and product to be sealed determine the design, layout, and materials of construction.
REFERENCES:

1. https://glaser.es/EN/Service-Downloads/Practical-Information/PTFE-Oil-Seals-and-Their-
Installation.aspx

2. https://www.sspseals.com/blog/basic-things-know-oil-seals-part-i 2.

3. https://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/30391/lip-seals-importance
 ANEEXURE

Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project

Academic Year: 2022- 2023 Name of the Faculty: Prof S.R Shaha
Course: I.E.Q Course code:22657 Semester: 6
Title of the project: study Six sigma
Cos addressed by Micro Project:
A:
B:
C:
D:
Major learning outcomes achieved by students by doing the project
(a) Practical outcome:

(b) Unit outcomes in Cognitive domain:

(c) Outcomes in Affective domain:

1)

2)
Comments/suggestions about team work /leadership/inter-personal communication (if
any)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Marks out of 6 Marks out of 4for

for performance performance in
Roll No Student Name in group activity oral/ presentation Total out of 10
(D5 Col.8) (D5 Col.9)
26 Pote prathmesh
27 Shelar karan
28 Masal saurabh
34 Mane chetan

(Signature of Faculty)