TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY

Ramswaroop Ramsagar Multiple Campus

JANAKPURDHAM

Final Year Project Report

ON
“ONLINE SHOPING”
Under the supervision of
Mr. Dhiraj Sharma

Submitted By:
Shankar Prasad Chaurasiya [21359/075]
Sant Lal Thakur [21358/075]
Hiralal Mandal [21344/075]
Sumi Nidhi [21362/075]

Submitted To:
Department Of Computer Science & Information Technology
Ramswaroop Ramsagar Multiple Campus
Institute Of Science & Technology
Baisakh -2080 B.S.
 TRIBUVAN UNIVERSITY

त्रिभुवन त्रवश‍व
् त्रवधालय
RAMSWAROOP RAMSAGAR MULTIPLE CAMPUS

रामस्वरूप रामसागर बहुमुखी क्याम्पस

Janakpurdham
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Ref:
चलनी्नं :

LETTER OF RECOMMENDATION

This recommendation letter is to express our appreciation for the hard work and
dedication of Team Members Shankar Prasad Chaurasiya, Hiralal Mandal, Sant Lal
Thakur and Sumi Nidhi in the successful completion of a “SASTOCART” project as an
e-commerce site. The team's commitment to excellence and their ability to deliver results
within tight deadlines has been remarkable. Their enthusiasm, creativity, technical skills
and attention to detail have been instrumental in the success of this project.

We are confident that this team can continue to deliver outstanding results in future
projects. We highly recommend them for any web development project requiring a
combination of technical expertise and creative problem-solving skills.

………………………
Mr. Dhiraj Sharma
Supervisor/Faculty
Department Of Computer Science &Technology
Ramswaroop Ramsagar Multiple Campus
 TRIBUVAN UNIVERSITY
त्रिभुवन त्रवश‍व
् त्रवधालय
RAMSWAROOP RAMSAGAR MULTIPLE CAMPUS

रामस्वरूप रामसागर बहुमुखी

क्याम्पस
Janakpurdham
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Ref :
चलनी नं :

LETTER OF APPROVAL
This is to confirm that the project has been created by Shankar Prasad

Chaurasiya, Hiralal Mandal, Sant Lal Thakur, Sumi Nidhi titled "Online
Shopping" which was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a
BSc.CSIT degree. Based on our evaluation, we find the project to be satisfactory in terms
of its scope and quality, and we believe it meets the necessary standards for the degree.

…………………………..

Dr. Bipin Ray

Head of Department CSIT
Ramswaroop Ramsagar Multiple Campus

……………………………….
External Examiner
Department of Computer Science & Technology (TU)

……………………………..
Internal Examine
Ramswaroop Ramsagar Multiple Campus
 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
RAMSWAROOP RAMSAGAR MULTIPLE CAMPUS

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

JANAKPURDHAM

RECOMMENDATION LETER OF SUPERVISOR

I am pleased to recommend the acceptance of the project titled "Online Shopping"

completed under my supervision by Shankar Prasad Chaurasiya, Hiralal

Mandal, Sant Lal Thakur and Sumi Nidhi as a partial requirement for the
B.Sc.CSIT degree program. Based on my evaluation, this project is an original work in
the field of CSIT, and meets the necessary standards for the degree program. Therefore, I
confidently recommend that it be accepted for submission.

………………………………….

Mr. Dhiraj Sharma

Department of BSc. CSIT
Ramswaroop Ramsagar Multiple Campus
 CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL

This is to confirm that the project has been created by Shankar Prasad

Chaurasiya, Hiralal Mandal, Sant Lal Thakur, Sumi Nidhi titled "Online
Shopping" which was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a
BSc.CSIT has been well studied as on generate of MAY…2023. Based on our evaluation,
we find the project to be satisfactory in terms of its scope and quality, and we believe it
meets the necessary standards for the degree.

……………………….

Mr. Dhiraj Sharma

Supervisor /Faculty
Ramswaroop Ramsagar Multiple Campus

………………………….

External Examiner
Central Department of TU

…………………………

Dr. Bipin Ray

Head Of Department
Department Of CSIT
Ramswaroop Ramsagar Multiple Campus
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to all those who have supported me
throughout my project on "Online Shopping."

Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisor, Dhiraj Sir, for his guidance and support
throughout the project. His valuable feedback and suggestions from him were
instrumental in shaping my research and helped me to achieve my objectives.

I am also grateful to my guidance teacher, Mr. Shambhu Shah, for his encouragement and
support during the course of this project. His insightful advice and feedback from him
helped me to refine my ideas and approach.

I would like to extend my appreciation to my classmates who offered valuable feedback

and insights that helped me to improve the quality of my work. Additionally, I would like
to thank my friends and family who provided unwavering support and encouragement
throughout this project.

Lastly, I would like to thank all the individuals who participated in my research, their
input was crucial to the successful completion of this project.

Thank you all for your support and encouragement throughout this project.

Shankar Prasad Chaurasiya (21359/075)

Hiralal Mandal (21344/075)
Sant Lal Thakur (21358/075)
Sumi Nidhi (21362/075)
 ABSTRACT

This project focuses on creating an e-commerce website for selling laptops, Furniture,
Clothes and phones Online. The main objective of the website is to increase sales by
providing customers with better interaction features. To achieve this, the website is
designed using a multi-tiered architecture that includes a backend database, XAMPP
SERVER, as the middle tier, and a web browser as the front-end client. Developing an e-
commerce website requires a thorough understanding of various technologies such as
programming languages like PHP, server and client-side scripting techniques, and
relational databases like MySQL. The primary purpose of this project is to showcase the
potential of e-commerce sites in enhancing sales through improved customer interaction.

An e-commerce site requires careful planning and implementation of various technologies

such as multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, and
relational databases to provide a seamless shopping experience for customers.

The e-commerce website uses a multi-tiered architecture, with a backend database for
storing product and customer information, a middle tier for processing orders and
payments, and a front-end client for providing a user interface to customers. The site also
uses technologies such as server and client-side scripting techniques, and secure payment
gateways to ensure a safe and convenient shopping experience for customers.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………....1

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………2

List of Abbreviation………………………………………………………………….…….3

List of Figure………………………………………………………………………………4

List if TABLES………………………………………………………………………….…5

Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….6

1.1 Introduction :……………………………………………………………………..……7

1.2 Problem Statement…………………………………………………………………….8
1.3 Objectives……………………………………………………………………………...9

Scope and limitation……………………………………………………………………..10

1.4 Development Methodology………………………………………………………..…11

1.5 Report Organization………………………………………………………………….12

Chapter 2:

2.1 Background Study and Literature Review………………………………………....13

2.2 Background Study………………………………………………………………….14

2.3 literature Review (Review of the similar/relevant projects, theories and results by
other Researchers)…………………………………………………………………….…15

Chapter 3: System Analysis…………………………………………………………..…..17

3.1 System Analysis……………………………………………………………………...18

Outputs and Inputs……………………………………………………………………..…19

Processor(s)………………………………………………………………………………21

Control……………………………………………………………………………………23

Feedback…………………………………………………………………………………24

Environment…………………………………………………………………………..….26
Boundaries and Interfaces……………………………………………………………….29

3.1.1 Requirements Analysis……………………………………………………………..30

i) Functional Requirements (Illustrate Using UCASE diagram/UCASE

Description)………………………………………………………………………………23

3.1.2 Feasibility
Analysis……………………………………….………………………………………...24

1.Technical ………………………………………………………………………25

2.Operational ……………………………………………………………………26

3.Economic………………………………………………………………………27

4.Schedule…………………………………………………………………………2

3.1.3. Analysis (May be Structured or Object Oriented )……………………………….29

Object Modeling using Class and Object diagram…………………………………..….30

Dynamic Modeling Using State and Sequence Diagram………………………………31

Process Modeling Using Activity Diagram……………………………………………32

4.Chapter.System Design

4.1 Design ……………………………………………………………………………….33

(If Structured Approach):

Refinement Of Class, Object, State, Sequence and Activity Diagram………………..…34

4,2 Algorithm Details……………………………………………………………………35

5.Chapter:

:Implementation and Testing:……………………...……………………………………..37

5.1. Implementation………………………………………………………………………39

5.1.1. Tool Used (CASE Tools, Programming Language, Database Platforms)………...41

Testing……………………………………………………………………………………43

Test Case For unit Testing………………………………………………………………..45

Table:TC_LOGIN_001…………………………………………………………………..47

Chapter 6:Conclusion and Future Recommendation……………………………………..48

6.1. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………...49

6.2. Future Recommendation…………………………………………………………….50

BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………………….56

Abbreviations:

MySQL: Microsoft Structured Query Language

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessors

HTML: Hyper Text Markup Language

CSS: Cascading Style Sheet

Introduction

1.1 Introduction:

E-commerce transactions can occur between different entities, such as businesses and
consumers, or between consumers themselves. These transactions can take different
forms, including business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), consumer-to-
consumer (C2C), and consumer-to-business (C2B). For example, an online retailer selling
products to individual customers is an example of a B2C e-commerce transaction, while
an online marketplace connecting small businesses with suppliers is an example of a B2B
e-commerce transaction.

The benefits of e-commerce are numerous. First, it offers unparalleled convenience,

allowing consumers to shop and purchase products from the comfort of their own homes.
It also allows businesses to expand their reach, potentially reaching a global customer
base, and to reduce their operating costs by eliminating the need for physical storefronts.

Another advantage of e-commerce is the ability to gather and analyze data about
customer behavior and preferences, allowing businesses to tailor their offerings to better
meet the needs of their customers. Additionally, e-commerce platforms often offer secure
payment systems, protecting both buyers and sellers from fraud and other risks.

Despite its benefits, e-commerce also faces several challenges, such as the need for secure
and reliable payment systems, protecting customer data privacy, and maintaining effective
logistics and delivery systems.

E-commerce has transformed the way people conduct business and interact with each
other, creating new opportunities for businesses and consumers alike. Its continued
growth and evolution promise to shape the future of commerce in the digital age.

1.2 Problem Statement:

 Local Server Error

 Checking the Proxy and Firewall error
 Incorrect permissions on files and folders
 Space and Time Complexity error
 Faulty CDN Server and HTTP error

1
 1.3. Objectives:
Some specific objectives of e-commerce websites may include:

 Increasing sales: E-commerce websites aim to increase sales by reaching a wider

audience and providing customers with a convenient and accessible way to shop.

 Improving customer experience: E-commerce websites aim to provide customers

with an easy and seamless shopping experience, from browsing products to
making payments and receiving deliveries.

 Building customer loyalty: E-commerce websites aim to build long-term

relationships with customers by providing personalized recommendations,
offering discounts and promotions, and providing excellent customer service.

 Generating leads: E-commerce websites aim to generate leads by collecting

customer information such as email addresses, which can be used for targeted
marketing campaigns.

 Enhancing brand visibility: E-commerce websites aim to increase brand

awareness and visibility by showcasing products and services to a wider
audience, and by utilizing social media and other digital marketing channels.

Applications:
 E-commerce websites are online platforms that allow businesses to sell their
products or services to customers over the internet. Here are some common
applications of e-commerce websites:
 Online shopping: Customers can browse and purchase products online, without
having to physically visit a store.
 Subscription services: E-commerce websites can offer subscription-based services
like streaming platforms, online courses, and monthly product deliveries.
 Overall, e-commerce websites offer businesses and consumers the convenience
of conducting transactions online, making it easier to buy and sell products and
services without the need for physical locations.

2
Limitations:
Here are some limitations of our e-commerce websites:
 Limited brand recognition
 Technical issues
 Payment gateway issues
 Shipping and logistics challenges
 Limited customer support
 Product description and imagery challenges
1.6 Development Methodology:

Waterfall Model

3
 The Waterfall model is a software development methodology that follows a linear and
sequential approach. It is a structured process where each phase must be completed
before moving on to the next phase. The output of one phase becomes the input for
the next phase, and changes made in one phase can be challenging or impossible to go
back and change in a previous phase.

The Waterfall model consists of several phases, including requirements gathering

and analysis, system design, implementation (coding), testing, deployment, and
maintenance. In the requirements gathering and analysis phase, the development team
works with stakeholders to identify the project's objectives, requirements, and
constraints. In the system design phase, the team creates a detailed design of the
system based on the requirements.

In the implementation phase, we develops the web application based on the design. In
the testing phase, the we tests the web application to ensure that it meets the
requirements and works as intended.

While the Waterfall model is less flexible than other software or web d development
methodologies, it is useful for projects that have clear and well-defined requirements and
objectives. The Waterfall model provides a structured and organized process for software
development, which can help ensure that the software meets the stakeholders' needs and
requirements.

1.6 Report Organization:

 It helps customer to interact with our website on windows platform by using local
host server.
 Provides Latest product update and free subscription to our platform.
 Easy Shipping, secure transaction, trusted Guaranteed products with satisfaction.
 User friendly interface with GUI area for login Register, Payment, Security.

4
Chapter 2: Background Study and Limitation Review

2.1. Background Study:

 E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the
internet.
 It has grown rapidly in recent years, with global e-commerce sales reaching $4.2
trillion in 2020.
 E-commerce has disrupted traditional retail and created new opportunities for
businesses of all sizes.
 Key players in the e-commerce industry include Amazon, Alibaba, and Walmart.
 Consumers are increasingly turning to e-commerce for convenience, choice, and
competitive prices.
 The rise of mobile commerce has made it easier for consumers to shop online
from anywhere.
 Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning are
being used to improve the e-commerce experience.
 However, challenges remain, including concerns around data privacy and security,
and the need for sustainable e-commerce practices.

2.2 Literature Review (Review of the similar /relevant Projects,

theories and results by other researchers)
E-commerce can be traced back to the 1960s with the development of electronic
data interchange (EDI), but it wasn't until the widespread adoption of the internet
in the 1990s that e-commerce really took off. Key milestones in the history of e-
commerce include the development of the World Wide Web, the launch of
Amazon and eBay, and the introduction of secure online payment systems like
PayPal. Today, e-commerce is a major part of the global economy and continues
to evolve with new technologies and innovations.

E-commerce websites are online platforms that allow businesses to sell products or
services to customers over the internet. There are many e-commerce websites that cater to
different industries and markets, but here are some popular examples:
5
 There are many e-commerce websites in India and Nepal, reflecting the growing
popularity of online shopping in both countries.

Here are some popular e-commerce websites in each country:

o Daraz.com.np - a popular online marketplace that offers a wide range of

products, including clothing, electronics, and home appliances.
o Sastodeal.com - an e-commerce company that offers a variety of products,
including electronics, home appliances, and fashion items.
o Overall, e-commerce websites have become increasingly popular in India
and Nepal, offering consumers a convenient and efficient way to shop for a
wide range of products and services
o Amazon.in - a popular global marketplace that offers a wide range of
products and services, including books, electronics, clothing, and more.
o Flipkart.com - an Indian e-commerce company that specializes in fashion,
electronics, home appliances, and more.

Chapter 3 : System Analysis

3.1. System Analysis

The objective of the system analysis activity is to develop structured system specification
for the proposed system. The structured system specification should describe what the
proposed system would do; independent of the technology, which will be used to
implement these requirements. The structured system specification will be used to
implement these requirements. The structured system specification will be called the
essential model (also know as logical model).

6
Outputs and Inputs

 The main aim of the system is to produce the output which is user friendly.
 Inputs are the data such as user credentials details which is entered in the system
 Results comes after the decoding the given input data.
Processors
The performance of an e-commerce site built in PHP and MySQL, and running on
an XAMPP server, will depend on a variety of factors, including the hardware
configuration of the server and the complexity of the site's code and database
structure.

That being said, some common processors used in servers for running e-
commerce sites include:
1. Intel Xeon processors: These are high-performance processors designed for
servers, with multiple cores and high clock speeds.

7
 2. AMD Opteron processors: These are also server-grade processors, with up to
64 cores and high clock speeds.

Ultimately, the choice of processor will depend on the specific requirements of the
e-commerce site, such as the expected traffic volume, the number of concurrent
users, and the complexity of the site's code and database structure.

Control
 The control element guides the system.
 It is the decision- making subsystem that controls the pattern of activities
governing fetch, decode and execute.
 The operating system control while running any program is to provide a stable and
secure environment in which the program can execute and access the necessary
resources to complete its tasks.

Feedback

Usability:

 The website is easy to navigate and find what I'm looking for.
 The website design is visually appealing and enhances my overall shopping
experience.

Functionality:

 The shopping cart should retain items even if I leave the site and come
back later.
 The website should provide a clear confirmation of my order and
estimated delivery date.

8
Performance:

 The search feature should provide accurate and relevant results in a timely
manner.
 The website should be compatible with a variety of devices and browsers.
Safety:
 The website should use secure connections (HTTPS) to protect my
personal and payment information.

Environment:
 The environment of an e-commerce system is typically fast-paced, dynamic, and
highly competitive.
 The system is driven by technology and constantly evolving to meet the needs
and expectations of customers.
 E-commerce businesses must be able to quickly adapt to changes in the market,
consumer behavior, and advancements in technology.
 They also face challenges such as cybersecurity threats, fraud, and data privacy
concerns. The work environment of an e-commerce system may involve a mix of
roles, including developers, designers, marketers, customer service
representatives, and logistics professionals

Boundaries and interface.

The e-commerce system typically consists of three main components:
Point of Sale (POS) system:
This component is responsible for handling transactions between the customer and
the e-commerce system. It includes features such as a shopping cart, payment
processing, and order management.

Boundaries - This component includes the front-end and back-end of the e-

commerce system. The front-end is the user interface that customers interact with
to browse products, make purchases, and manage their accounts. The back-end
includes the database, servers, and other components that process customer orders
and manage inventory. 9
Interfaces - The interfaces of the e-commerce system are used to integrate with
other systems and services, such as payment gateways, shipping carriers, and
social media platforms. These integrations allow the e-commerce system to offer
additional features and capabilities to its customers.

3.1.1. Requirement Analysis

I) Functional Requirements (Illustrated using Use Case
Diagram/Use case Description):

Use case diagram for the ADMIN:

Fig. Use Case Diagram for SaastokartNepal

10
Manage Products:

The admin can add, edit, and delete products from the e-commerce website. This
use case allows the admin to maintain the inventory and keep it up to date.

Manage Orders: The admin can view and manage orders placed by
customers. This includes updating the status of orders, canceling orders, and
issuing refunds.
Manage Customers: The admin can view and manage customer accounts.
This includes updating customer information, managing customer reviews,
and handling customer complaints.
Generate Reports: The admin can generate reports that provide insights
into the performance of the e-commerce website. These reports can include
sales data, customer behavior, and inventory status.

Use case diagram for the USER:

Fig. Use Case Diagram For User

11
Browse Products: The user can search and view products available on the e-
commerce website.

Add to Cart: The user can add products to their shopping cart for later purchase.

Checkout: The user can proceed to checkout and make a payment for the
products in their shopping cart.

Track Order: The user can track the status of their order, including the delivery
date and time.

Leave Reviews: The user can leave reviews for products they have purchased.

Manage Account: The user can manage their account information, including
their personal details, payment information, and order history.

Overall, this use case diagram outlines the various functionalities of an e-commerce
system for both the admin and the user. It highlights the different tasks that can be
performed by each user type and provides a high-level overview of the system's
features.

Flow of Events:

There is a description of the flow of events for some of the key use cases in an
shopping system for both the admin and user:

12
Flow of events for the ADMIN:

Manage Products:

The admin logs into the e-commerce system and selects the "Manage
Products" option.
The system displays a list of all available products.
The admin selects a product to edit or delete or clicks on the "Add Product"
button to add a new product.
If the admin chooses to edit a product, the system displays a form that allows
the admin to modify the product details such as name, description, price, and
images.
If the admin chooses to add a new product, the system displays a form to
enter the product details.
After making the changes or adding a new product, the admin clicks the
"Save" button to update the product database.
Manage Orders:
The admin logs into the e-commerce system and selects the "Manage Orders"
option.
The system displays a list of all orders placed by customers.
The admin can click on an order to view its details, update its status, cancel it,
or issue a refund.
After making the necessary changes, the admin clicks the "Save" button to
update the order status.

Manage Customers:
The admin logs into the e-commerce system and selects the "Manage
Customers" option.
The system displays a list of all customer accounts.
The admin can select a customer account to view its details, update customer
information, manage customer reviews, and handle customer complaints.
After making the necessary changes, the admin clicks the "Save" button to
update the customer account.

13
Generate Reports:
The admin logs into the e-commerce system and selects the "Generate
Reports" option.
Browse Products:
The user visits the e-commerce website and navigates to the product catalog page.
The system displays a list of all available products.
The user can use the search function to find specific products or filter products by
category, price, or other criteria.
The user clicks on a product to view its details.

Add to Cart:
After viewing the product details, the user can click on the "Add to Cart" button to
add the product to their shopping cart.
The system displays the contents of the shopping cart, including the product name,
price, quantity, and total cost.
The user can continue shopping or proceed to checkout.

Checkout:
The user proceeds to checkout by clicking on the "Checkout" button in the
shopping cart.
The system displays a form for the user to enter their shipping and payment
information.
The user enters the necessary information and clicks the "Submit Order" button.
The system processes the payment and displays a confirmation message with the
order number.

Track Order:
After placing an order, the user can track its status by logging into their account on
the e-commerce website.
The system displays the order details, including the delivery date and time.
The user can view the order history and track the status of all their orders.
14
 Leave Reviews:
After receiving a product, the user can leave a review by logging into their
account on the e-commerce website.
The system displays a form for the user to enter their review, including a rating
and comments.
The user submits the review, which is then displayed on the

ii) Non Functional Requirements:

Some non-functional requirements that an e-commerce system may need to meet:

Performance:

The system should be able to handle a large number of simultaneous users without
slowing down.

Pages should load quickly, ideally in under 3-5 seconds.

Transactions should be processed efficiently, with a low rate of errors or timeouts.

Safety:

The system should be secure and protect user data, including personal and payment
information.

Passwords should be encrypted and stored securely.

The system should be protected from cyber-attacks such as hacking, phishing, and
malware.
Availability:
The system should be available to users 24/7, with minimal downtime for
maintenance or updates.
The system should be able to handle traffic spikes during peak hours or sales
events.
Usability:
The system should be easy to use and navigate for both admins and users.
The interface should be intuitive and provide clear instructions for tasks such as
adding products, processing orders, and tracking shipments.
15
Scalability:
The system should be able to handle increased traffic and transactions as the
business grows.
The system architecture should be flexible and allow for the addition of new
features and modules.
compatibility:
The system should be compatible with various devices and operating systems,
including mobile devices, tablets, and desktop computers.
The system is compatible with popular browsers such as Chrome, Firefox, and
Edge.
Reliability:
The system should be reliable and minimize the risk of system failures or data
loss.
Backups should be regularly taken and stored securely in case of system failure or
disaster recovery.

3.1.2 Feasibility Analysis

I. Technical:
Technical feasibility: This would evaluate whether the project is technically
feasible. This would include an assessment of the development tools used,
programming languages, and other technical aspects. In the case of an e-
commerce website developed using PHP and MySQL, it is important to consider
the scalability of the website, the security measures in place, and the ease of
maintenance.

Operational feasibility: This would assess whether the website can be operated
effectively, and whether the project is consistent with the goals and objectives of
the business. This would involve analyzing the website's features, including the
user interface, shopping cart functionality, product listing, and payment gateway
integration.

16
Economic feasibility: This would assess the financial viability of the project. It
would involve analyzing the costs involved in the development and maintenance
of the website, as well as the potential revenue streams, including sales,
advertisements, and partnerships.
Legal feasibility: This would assess whether the project complies with all
applicable laws and regulations. This would involve analyzing the legal
requirements for running an e-commerce website, including data privacy laws,
consumer protection laws, and taxation laws

TASK START END DATE DURATION

DATE
Project Planning 2079-08-24 2079-08-30 7 Days
Requirement 2079-09-01 2079-09-05 5 Days
Gathering
Design 2079-09-06 2079-09-14 8 Days
&Wireframing
Frontend 2079-09-15 2079-10-21 36 Days
Development
Backend 2079-10-22 2070-11-28 36 Days
Development
Database Design 2079-11-29 2079-12-20 22 Days
&Implementation
Integration & Testing 2079-01-21 2080-01-03 14 Days
User Acceptance 2080-01-04 2080-01-11 7 Days
Testing
Deployment & 2080-01-12 2080-01-17 5 Days
launch
Project Review & 2080-01-18 2080-01-25 7 Days
Documentation
17
3.1.3. Analysis ( may be structured or Object oriented)

If Object Oriented Approach

Object Modeling using Class & Object Diagram

Class diagram:

A class diagram is a structural diagram that shows the relationships between classes, their
attributes, and their methods. Here is an example of a class diagram for an e-commerce
project:

user

Features:

id: int

username: string

password: string

email: string

methods:

register (): bool

login (): bool

logout (): bool

Products

Features:

id: int

name: string

price: float

18
description: string

image: string

methods:

get Details(): array

Cart

Features:

id: int

user _Id: int

created _at: timestamp

methods:

add _Product (product: Product): bool

remove _Product (product _Id: int): bool

get _Cart _Items(): array

order

Features:

id: int

user _Id: int

total _Amount: float

created _at: timestamp

methods:

place _Order (cart: Cart): bool

19
payment

Features:

id: int

order _Id: int

amount: float

status: string

methods:

process_ Payment(): bool

category

Features:

id: int

name: string

methods:

get _Products(): array

Reviews

Features:

id: int

product _Id: int

user _Id: int

rating: int

review: string

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methods:

add _Review(): bool

Object Diagram:

user

id: 1

username: "Rohan Ray"

password: "ray@123"

email: "rohanray23@gmail.com"

products

id: 1

name: "iPhone 13"

price: 999.99

description: "Latest iPhone models"

image: "iphone13.jpg"

Cart

id: 1

userId: 1

created_at: "2023-05-08 12:00:00"

cartItems:

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[

"id": 1,

"product": {

"id": 1,

"name": "iPhone 13",

"price": 999.99

},

"quantity": 1

order

id: 1

userId: 1

totalAmount: 999.99

created_at: "2023-05-08 12:10:00"

payment

id: 1

orderId: 1

amount: 999.99

status: "success"

22
category

id: 1

name: "Electronics"

products: [

"id": 1,

"name": "iPhone 13",

"price": 999.99

Reviews

id: 1

product ID: 1

userId: 1

rating: 5

review: "Great phone, highly recommended

user

id: 1

username: "Rohan Ray"

password: "ray@123"

23
email: "rohanray23@gmail.com"

products

id: 1

name: "iPhone 13"

price: 999.99

description: "

24
 Fig: Class & Object diagram

Dynamic Modelling using State and Sequence Diagrams

Sequence Diagram

In this sequence diagram, the user opens the homepage and the website retrieves and
displays featured products. The user then clicks on a product, and the website retrieves
and displays the product information. The user adds the product to their cart, and the
website updates and displays the cart. The user then clicks on checkout, and the website
creates an order in the database and redirects the user to a payment gateway.

25
 The user enters their payment information, and the payment gateway
sends a confirmation to the website. The website updates the order status to "paid"
and displays an order confirmation to the user.

Fig. Sequence Diagram

State Diagram
In this state diagram, a user can be in one of six states: NOT LOGGED IN,
REGISTERED, LOGGED IN, CART NONEMPTY, ORDERED, and
COMPLETED.

When a user first arrives on the website, they are in the NOT LOGGED IN state. From
there, they can register an account, which transitions them to the REGISTERED state.
Once they are registered, they can log in, which transitions them to the LOGGED IN
state. 12

26
Once a user is logged in, they can add items to their cart, which transitions them to
the CART NONEMPTY state. From there, they can checkout, which transitions
them to the ORDERED state. Once the order is complete, it transitions to the
COMPLETED state.

Activity Diagram
It shows the system’s behaviour by presenting the flow of activities
from one process to another. The possible flow of activities can be in

order, split, or continuous.

27
A
c
t
i
v
i
t
y

d
i
a
g
r
a
m

i
l
l
u
s
t
rates the E-Commerce Website’s behaviour in terms of interacting
with its users. UML Activity Diagram also gives bright ideas and
guides the project proponents throughout the software development.

28
 Chapter 4: System Design

4.1Design (May be structure or Object Oriented as per approach followed in

analysis chapter):
Saastokart project developed using PHP, MYSQL, HTML, CSS,
Javascript and Bootstrap. Talking about the project it has all the
essential features. This project has a user side where user can view
product category and add product to cart and proceed for checkout
where as from the administrator side user can view sells number of
products, user ,daily sales report , add product and categories. The
user can also subscribe the system for further inquiry, offer and
different discount on sales for daily users.

1. System architecture: The system architecture should be described,

including how the front-end and back-end components interact with each
other. For example, the front-end might be built with HTML and CSS, and
interact with the back-end via PHP scripts that access a MySQL database.

29
2. User interface design: The user interface design should be explained,
including how users interact with the website. This might include
wireframes or mockups of the website's pages and features, as well as a
description of how users navigate through the site.

3. Database design: The database design should be described, including the

schema for the MySQL database and how the database tables relate to each
other. This might include ER diagrams or other visual representations of
the database schema.

4. Data flow: The flow of data through the system should be explained,
including how data is collected from users, stored in the database, and
displayed on the website. This might include descriptions of how data is
validated, sanitized, and secured to prevent errors and security
vulnerabilities.
5. Security considerations: The report should describe the security measures
in place to protect user data, including measures to prevent SQL injection
attacks, cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks, and other common security
vulnerabilities. This might include descriptions of how user data is
encrypted and stored securely, as well as how authentication and
authorization are implemented.

6. Performance considerations: The report should describe the performance

considerations for the website, including measures to optimize page load
times, reduce server load, and improve user experience. This might include
descriptions of caching mechanisms, load balancing strategies, and other
performance optimizations.
7. Maintenance and support: The report should describe how the website
will be maintained and supported over time, including plans for updates,
bug fixes, and feature enhancements. This might include descriptions of
how the system will be monitored, how issues will be addressed, and how
updates will be rolled out to users.

30
By including these aspects in a system design report for an e-commerce project,
stakeholders can gain a better understanding of the project's scope, design, and
requirements, and ensure that the system is well-designed, secure, and scalable

Tools And Technique

XAMPP SERVER

XAMPP Server :
XAMPP is a free and open-source software package that provides a web
server, a database server, and several other tools and modules necessary for
developing and testing dynamic web applications locally on a computer.
The name "XAMPP" is an acronym for the components it bundles
together: X (cross-platform), Apache (web server), MySQL (database
server), PHP (programming language), and Perl (programming language).
It is widely used by web developers for creating and testing websites
before deploying them to a live server.
MySQL:
MySQL is a popular open-source relational database management system
(RDBMS) that uses Structured Query Language (SQL) to manage and
manipulate data stored in tables

31
It is widely used for web applications and is known for its speed, scalability, and ease of
use. MySQL is developed and maintained by Oracle Corporation. It is available for free
under the GNU General Public License (GPL), although there is also a commercial
version with additional features and support. Some of the key features of MySQL include
support for multiple storage engines, transactions, views, triggers, stored procedures, and
user-defined functions. It also has a wide range of tools and APIs for database
administration and programming.

PHP
PHP is a popular server-side scripting language designed primarily for web
development. It is open-source and freely available, and it can be
embedded into HTML code to create dynamic web pages. PHP stands for
"Hypertext Preprocessor," and it was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf
in 1994. Some of the key features of PHP include its simplicity, flexibility,
and compatibility with various operating systems and web servers. It also
has a wide range of built-in functions and support for object-oriented
programming, database integration, and web services. PHP is commonly
used to create content management systems, e-commerce websites, and
other dynamic web applications, and it is one of the most widely used
programming languages on the web.

HTML
TML stands for Hypertext Markup Language, and it is the standard
markup language used to create web pages. HTML consists of a series of
elements that are used to structure and format content on a web page.
These elements are represented HTML can also be used to create
hyperlinks, images, forms, tables, and other types of content that can be
displayed on a webpage. It is a crucial component of web development and
is used in conjunction with other languages such as CSS and JavaScript to
create dynamic and interactive web pages.

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CSS:
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a programming language used to style
and format the appearance of web pages. It is a markup language that
works alongside HTML and is used to add color, typography, layout, and
other visual effects to web pages. CSS uses selectors to target HTML
elements and apply styles to them, and it supports a variety of units of
measurement and values for properties. It allows for separation of
presentation and content, making it easier to maintain and update the
styling of a website. CSS is supported by all modern web browsers and is a
key component of web design and development.

Bootstrap:
Bootstrap is a front-end web development framework that provides pre-
designed HTML, CSS, and JavaScript components for creating responsive
and mobile-first websites and web applications without requiring extensive
coding. It includes a grid system and numerous UI elements and is popular
due to its ease of use and extensive documentation and community
support.

JavaScript:
JavaScript is a popular high-level, dynamic, and interpreted programming
language that is primarily used for front-end web development to add
interactivity to web pages. It is also used for server-side programming,
mobile app development, and game development. JavaScript allows
developers to create interactive user interfaces, manipulate web page
content, handle events, and communicate with servers. It is supported by
all modern web browsers and is an essential part of web development.
JavaScript is often abbreviated as "JS"
.
Visual Studio Code:
Visual Studio Code is a free and open-source code editor developed by
Microsoft that is highly customizable and efficient for coding, debugging,
and version control. It has features such as IntelliSense,
33
built-in debugging support, Git integration, a terminal emulator, and a wide range of
plugins. It is available for Windows, macOS, and Linux and is popular among developers.

PROJECT RUN

34
 Chapter 5. Implementation and Testing
5.1. Implementation
5.1.1. Tools Used ( CASE Tools, Programming Language,
Database Platforms)

CASE tools (Computer-Aided Software Engineering tools) are a type of software that
helps developers design, develop, and maintain software systems. They provide a range of
functionality to support the software development life cycle, including requirements
gathering, design, testing, and documentation.

Programming Language:
 PHP
 HTML
 MySQL
 JAVASCRIPT
 CSS

5.2. Testing

Testing a web project involves evaluating the functionality, usability, performance, and
security of a web application or website. The testing process typically includes the
following steps:

Unit Testing: It involves testing critical functionality, using a testing framework like PHP
Unit, mocking objects, testing edge cases, testing frequently, documenting test cases, and
refactoring code as needed.

Functional testing: Test each function of the e-commerce website, such as adding
items to the cart, checking out, and searching for products.

Usability testing: Evaluate how easy it is for users to navigate your website, find
products, and complete purchases. Pay attention to the layout, design, and user interface.

35
Compatibility testing: Test your website on different devices and browsers to ensure
that it is compatible and works properly on all platforms.

Performance testing: Test the speed and responsiveness of your website, especially
during peak traffic times, to ensure that it can handle a large number of users.

Security testing: Test your website's security measures to ensure that customer
information is protected and that there are no vulnerabilities that can be exploited.

User acceptance testing: Get feedback from users to identify any issues or areas for
improvement.

Regression testing: Re-test previously tested functionality after changes have been
made to ensure that no new issues have been introduced.

It's important to thoroughly test your e-commerce project before launching it to the public
to ensure that it works properly and provides a positive user experience.

FUNCTIONAL TESTING

Test Environment Details:

Website: localhost/sastocart/

Type of Testing: Functional testing

OS: Windows 11

Web Browser: Microsoft Edge

36
S.N. Test Objecti Prerequ Steps Test Data Expec Actual Statu
No Case ID ve isite To Be ted Result s
(depend Follo Result Pass/
ent) wed Fail
TC_LOGIN To check 1.Go to 1. 1.User PASS
_001 Login User websit localhost/sas should 1.Usern
Function must be e tocart go on ame &
ality Registere Home / Hmoe Passwor
By d Page 2.click on page d Donot
invalid 2.Click Login 2.User matche
Userna on 3.Username: should d
me & Login Sastocart.co click on
01 Passwor 3. m Login
d Enter Password:sa 3.User
login stocart should
Creden able to
tials Enter
Creden
tials

Usability testing: This type of testing focuses on ensuring that the e-commerce
platform is easy to use and navigate for users. Some tests you could perform include:

 Evaluating the user interface and design

 Testing the responsiveness of the website on different devices
 Testing the website's load time and performance

Mobile Responsive

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Website Load Time And Performance:

Not possible because it cannot be accessed online don’t have URL.

User interface evaluation

 Easy search bar login ,Add to Cart ,Wishlist Categories

Navigation bar

38
 Popular Items

Categories and useful Links

39
 WEB PAGE DETAILS

Home Page: This is our Welcome Page.

40
This is Image Slider:

Image Zoomer:

41
My Cart:

My wish List:

42
Admin Login :

43
 Admin Panel:

Products Add Interface:

44
 Brands Views:

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Books:-
- Jagdish Bhatt, Ramesh Singh Saud, Basant Chapagain, Sarvan Ghimire
“Web Technology”, “KEC Publication”
- W3school.org, “HTML, CSS, Java Script, PHP Mysql”
- Bootstrap from https://getbootstrap.com
- Xampp Server from https://www.apachefriends.org
- Image source https://unsplash.com, http://pexel.com
- Youtube Tutorials ” https://www.youtube.com/
- Product Image https://amazon.in.com, https://www.daraz.com.np/

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