Referto source F to answer the questions that follow the source.

Use the topic:

for a historian studying the Sophiatown removals.
SOURCE F
Extractfrom Trevor Huddleston, Naught for Your Comfort, 1956, quoted in
John A. Williams, From the South African Past:
Narratives,Documents, and Debates, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1997,
pages 277—8.Huddleston was a white Church of
England parish priest who served the people of Sophiatown.
It was only when we got to Toby Street that we began to understand how
things were shaping: that we knew for
certainthat the removal, so long talked about, so often and so fiercely debated, had
actually begun. On the broad belt
of grass between the European suburb of Westdene and Sophiatown a whole fleet of lorries was drawn up: a grim
sightagainst the grey, watery sky. Lining the whole street were thousands of police, both white and black: the former
armedwith rifles and revolvers, the latter with the usual assegai [spears].A few Sten guns were in position at various
points... 'Where are they beginning?' 'In the yard opposite the bus station, at the bottom of Toby Street Let's go.' It
was a fantastic sight. It looked more like a film-set for an 'atmospheric' Italian film than anything real. In the yard, military
lorrieswere drawn up. Already they were piled high with the pathetic possessionswhich had come from the row of
roomsin the background. A rusty kitchen stove: a few blackened pots and pans: a wicker chair: mattressesbelching out
theircoir-stuffing; bundles of heaven-knows-what, and people, soaked, all soaked to the skin by the drenching rain

The first lorries began to move off for Meadowlands eight miles [13 km] away to the west. The rain poured down. The
removalwas definitely under way. Two thousand police, armed; many foreign correspondents;dozens of photographers;
a total ban on all gatherings, including (as we thought at the time) attendance at a church service. All this, to effect a
slum-clearancescheme which would be of lasting benefit to the 'natives'• all this excitementand fuss and publicity
overa Project which to any sensible European in South Africa was a crying necessityif white civilizationwas to be
preserved.
SOURCE 1
Panphl« issued by the National Party head office late 1947ahead of
Cornpare conta< t ete
the May 1948general election, located at: www.poEticsweb.co.za/
views about apartheid
poEticswebfview/poEticsweb/eNpage71619?oid=298016&sn= DetaiL ecpressed in Sources I ard J
Race relations plicy of the National Patty (pge 136).

There are two distinct guiding pinciples detennining the South African policy
affecting the non-Whites. One line of thoughtfavours a policy of integmtion,
confen•ing equal tights —including the finnchise as the non-whites progressively
used to democratic institutions on all civilised and educated citizens
within the same political structure.
Opposed to this is the policy of apartheid, a concept historically detived from the
apienæ of the established Wiite population of the country, and in hannony
with such Christian pinciples asjustice and equity. It is a policy which sets
i&elfthe task of preserving and safeguarding the racial identity of the White
population of the country; of likewise pesetving and safeguarding the identity of
the indigenous peoples as separate racial groups, with opportunities to develop
into self-governingnational units; offosteping the inculcation of national
consciousness, self-esteem and mutual regard among the various races of the
country.

The choice before us is one ofthese Hvodivergent cotoses: either that of

integration, which would in the long run amount to national suicide on the part
of the Whites: or that which professesto preserve the identity and
safegumd thefuture ofevety race, with complete scopefor everyone to develop
within its own sphere while maintaining its distinctive national chamder, in
such a way that there will be no encroachment on the rights ofothers, and
without a sense of beingfrustmted by the existenceand development ofothers.
policy documents (Sources M, below, and N, opposite) within this context.

SOURCE M
Excerpt from the ANCYL manifgto, 1944, located at: www.anc.org.za/
show.php?id=4439
South Africa has a complexproblem. Stated briefly it is: The contact of the White
race with the Black has resulted in the emergence ofa set ofconflicting living
conditions and outlooks on life which seriously hamper South Africa's progress
to nationhood.
The White race, possessingsuperior military sttvngth and at present having
superior otganising skill has arrogated to itself the ownership of the land and
invested itself with authority and the right to regard South Africa as a White
_man'scountry. This has meant that the African, who owned the land before the
advent of the Whites, has been deprived ofall secutity which may guatuntæ him
an independent pursuit ofdestiny or ensure his leading afree and unhampered
life. He has been defeated in thefteld ofbattle but refuses to accept this as
meaning that inust be oppressed,just to enable the White man tofunher
domingtehith
ThgÅfnggh Itvgard$Civi/isatiot!as the cottitnonheritage ofall Mankind and
claims åsful{ at p, make,fris contributign to its advancement and to livefive
as any he Claimsthe right to all SOUttesand
duties which will place him on afootingoj
equality with get! pi racial gtpup,
The tngjorih/ o/ Whiig g? the destiny ofthe White race 10dominate
the Thé{zatéjitze$"f$heiitdomination,however,is rousing in the
,lAfrcgüfeelivgSbf hatred that bats his way tofull andfee
Citizet*$hi?
and thesefeelings no /pnger suppressed,
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