LP Theme1 2022 Merged PDF

DEHN SE + Co KG
Lightning Protection - Theme 1
© DEHN / protected by ISO 16016
Lecturer
Károly Kovács
electrical engineer, MSC, PhD
University of Óbuda
Faculty of Kandó Kálmán Electrical Engineering
Depatrment of Electrical Energetics (VET)
DEHN SE Hungarian Representation Office

Company Representative
Office:
1141 Budapest,
Jeszenák János utca 20.
Tel.: +36 1 371 1091
FAX: +36 1 371 1092
Mobil: +36 30 82 42 476
kovacs.karoly@dehn.hu
kovacs.karoly@kvk.uni-obuda.hu

DEHN SE + Co KG
Óbudai Egyetem E-learning portálja: Moodle
Az előadások a 2022 őszi félévben jelenléti oktatás keretében zajlanak (rektori/dékáni utasítás). A
félév során ez változhat.
Az oktatás alapja a jelenléti oktatás keretében elhangzott előadás. Az oktatással kapcsolatos

háttéranyagok és információ az OE Moodle rendszerben a tantárgyba belépve jelenik meg. Kérem a
Moodle folyamatos követését.
A Moodle-ban az egyes tanulmányi heteket témák jelképezik.
A félév során minden héten a hallgatóknak az adott héthez tartozó előadást kell feldolgozni. A
hetente feldolgozandó tématerületek az egyes témáknál találhatók meg.
A heti tananyag a Moodle-ban pdf formátumban és az előadás videófelvétele (korábbi felvétel) is

elérhető az egyes témáknál.
Requirements
Technical literature/szakirodalom:
Lecture notes/Előadásanyag – pdf
Lecture video/Előadás videó
DEHN - Lightning Protection Guide 3rd Edition
Tests/Számonkérés:
3 ZH (Tests), Moodle-ban kerül lebonyolításra, feleletválasztós teszt
Beadandó feladat:
kb. 5-10 perces (6-10 dia) prezentáció elkészítése és megtartása a Moodle-ban kiválasztott témában.
Témakörök kifejtése a Lightning Protection Guide könyvben.
Csak a Moodle-ba beregisztrált témát lehet kidolgozni.
Az előadásnak tartalmaznia kell, legalább egy, nem a Lightning Protection Guide könyvből származó
ábrát és egy nem a könyvből származó gondolatot.
A Lightning Protection Guide-ból kimásolt szöveg és kép kevés. Kérem a témát átgondolni
feldolgozni és úgy bemutatni.
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DEHN SE + Co KG
Lightning Protection Guide, 3rd Edition
Lightning Protection Guide provides valuable

information for consultants (planners) and executing
companies on how to plan and install efficient
lightning and surge protection.
28.07.14 / 8493_E_1
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Lightning Protection Guide

Chapter 9. White papers
Presentations topics:
28.07.14 / 8493_E_1

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Lightning Protection Guide

Chapter 9. White papers
28.07.14 / 8493_E_1
Introduction
Company DEHN

DEHN SE + Co KG
DEHN: A family-owned company

with more than 110 years of experience
▪ We have been engaged in lightning protection and earthing since the foundation of our
company in 1910.
▪ Thanks to our pioneering spirit, we have been pushing developments for decades, making us a
trusted expert.
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DEHN: A family-owned company

with more than 110 years of experience
Since the foundation of our company in 1910 we are a family run company in the field of
Electrotechnics in the fourth generation. Independent and innovative.
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Site in Neumarkt - Birds eye view
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DEHN: Site 2 in the Region of Neumarkt (Mühlhausen)

New logistic center competed in 2014 – high-bay storage areas
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Lightning Formation
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Lightning strike to a building
Compact Lightning Protection Seminar – Lightning damages 25.01.13 / 1915_E_2

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Video:
Formation of a lightning discharge
Compact Lightning Protection Seminar – Lightning damages

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In case of downward flashes, leader discharges pointing towards the ground guide the
lightning discharge from the cloud to the earth. Such discharges usually occur in flat
terrain and near low buildings. Cloud-to-earth flashes can be recognized by the
branching which is directed to earth.
The most common type of lightning is a negative downward flash where a leader filled
with negative cloud charge pushes its way from the thundercloud to earth. This leader
propagates as a stepped leader with a speed of around 300 km/h in steps of a few 10 m.
The interval between the jerks amounts to a few 10 μs. When the leader has drawn close to
the earth (a few 100 m to a few 10 m), it causes the strength of the electric field of objects
on the surface of the earth in the vicinity of the leader (e.g. trees, gable ends of buildings) to
increase. The increase is great enough to exceed the dielectric strength of the air. These
objects involved reach out to the leader by growing positive streamers which then meet up
with the leader, initiating the main discharge.
gable ends - oromzat
ÜSS_Blitz-Schutzzonen-Konzept © DEHN / protected by ISO 16016
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Quelle: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
23.12.02 / S2930_a
Blitz Seminar Schäden © DEHN / protected by ISO 16016
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Lightning strike to an agricultural building
Ref.: OÖ-Blitzschutzgesellschaft
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Innovations in the Lightning Protection/Earthing area: Ridge Conductor Holder
1918: First patent for the invention of a

new lightning protection component,
1920 a ridge conductor holder for lightning
protection wires.
1930
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Innovations in the Lightning Protection/Earthing area: First separable Earth Rod
1958: Market launch of the world‘s first

separable earth rod.
1960
1970
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Innovations in the Lightning Protection/Earthing area: HVI®Conductor
2003: The invention of the patented HVI®Conductor

(high-voltage-resistant insulated down conductor),
which allows to keep the separation distance, stands as
a milestone in external lightning protection.
separation distance –
s biztonsági távolság
2010
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Innovations in the Lightning Protection/Earthing area:

Pipe clamp for hazardous areas, HVI®light Conductor
2007: Development of the pipe 2007: Development of

clamp for use in hazardous areas HVI®light Conductor as
where no ignition sparks occur when supplement to the tried and
2010
lightning current flows through it. tested HVI®Conductor.
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UNI earthing clamp
2010 2010: The newly developed DEHN UNI earthing clamp

is an ideal solution integrating PV mounting systems in
the equipotential bonding/earth-termination system.
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HVI®power Conductor
2013: The HVI®power

2010 Conductor design allows
separation distances
up to 90 cm in air to
be maintained.
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Terms and definitions
Lightning protection - villámvédelem

Lightning protection means protection measures against the harmful effects of lightning strikes to
structures/buildings.
An external lightning protection system consists of:
▪ Air-termination system – felfogórendszer
▪ Down-conductor system – levezető rendszer
▪ Earth-termination system – földelő rendszer
An earth-termination system includes all measures required for connecting an electrical part to earth
and is an integral part in low-voltage and high-voltage systems as well as for the lightning protection
system.
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Components of an external Lightning Protection System, Schematic diagram
An external lightning protection 1

system consists of:
1 Air-termination system
2 Down conductor 2
3 Earth-termination system
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Components of an external Lightning Protection System
A lightning protection system consists of an external and internal lightning protection system.
Functions of an external lightning protection system:
▪ Interception of direct lightning strikes by means of an air-termination system
▪ Conducting the lightning current to earth by means of a down-conductor system
▪ Distribution of the lightning current in the earth by means of an earth-termination system
Functions of an internal lightning protection system:

▪ Prevention of dangerous sparking in the structure by establishing equipotential bonding or
keeping a separation distance between the components of the lightning protection system and
other conductive elements in the structure.
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Elements of a Lightning Protection System (LPS)
Lightning Protection System
as per IEC 62305-3

earth-termination system
down-conductor system
lightning equipotential
air-termination system
separation distances
bonding
4801.07.13 / 1534_E_1
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Lightning protection standard

IEC 62305:2010
“Protection against lightning"

IEC 62305
Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4

General Risk Physical damage to Electrical and
principles management structures and life hazard electronic
systems within
structures
IEC – International Electrotechnical Commission
20.02.13 / 6004_E_2
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Connection between the various parts of IEC 62305
IEC 62305-1 Lightning threat
IEC 62305-2 Lightning risk
LP LP: Lightning Protection
LPS SPM LPS: Lightning Protection System

SPM: Surge Protection Measures
IEC IEC
62305-3 62305-4 Protection measures
24.06.13 / 6669_E_2
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Installation standard for Lightning Protection
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IEC 62305-1 (MSZ EN 62305-1)

General principles
IEC 62305-1 (MSZ EN 62305-1): General principles

This part contains information about the risk of lightning strikes, lightning
characteristics and the resulting parameters for simulating the effects of lightning strikes.
In addition, an overview of the IEC 62305 (EN 62305) standard series is given. Procedures
and protection principles, which form the basis for the following parts, are explained.
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IEC 62305-2 (MSZ EN 62305-2)

Risk management
IEC 62305-2 (MSZ EN 62305-2): Risk management

Risk management in accordance with IEC 62305-2 (EN 62305-2) includes a risk analysis to
determine whether lightning protection is required. A technically and economically
optimum protection measure is then defined. Finally, the remaining residual risk is
determined. Starting with the unprotected state of the building, the remaining risk is
reduced and reduced until it is below the tolerable risk. This method can be both used for
a simple determination of the class of LPS in accordance with IEC 62305-3 (MSZ EN 62305-
3) and to establish a complex protection system against lightning electromagnetic impulses
(LEMP) in accordance with IEC 62305-4 (MSZ EN 62305-4).
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IEC 62305-3 (MSZ EN 62305-3)

Physical damage to structures and life hazard
IEC 62305-3 (MSZ EN 62305-3): Physical damage to structures and life hazard
This part deals with the protection of structures and persons from material damage and
life-threatening situations caused by the effects of lightning currents or dangerous
sparking, especially in the event of direct lightning strikes. A lightning protection system
comprising external lightning protection (air-termination system, down-conductor
system and earth termination system) and internal lightning protection (lightning
equipotential bonding and separation distance) serves as a protection measure. The
lightning protection system is defined by its class of LPS, class of LPS I being more
effective than class of LPS IV. The class of LPS required is determined with the help of a risk
analysis carried out in accordance with IEC 62305-2 (MSZ EN 62305-2), unless otherwise laid
down in regulations (e.g. building regulations).
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IEC 62305-4 (MSZ EN 62305-4)

Electric and electronic systems within structures
IEC 62305-4 (MSZ EN 62305-4): Electrical and electronic systems within structures
This part deals with the protection of structures with electrical and electronic systems
against the effects of the lightning electromagnetic impulse. Based on the protection
measures according to IEC 62305-3 (MSZ EN 62305-3), this standard also considers the
effects of electrical and magnetic fields as well as induced voltages and currents
caused by direct and indirect lightning strikes.
The importance and necessity of this standard derive from the increasing use of different
electrical and electronic systems, which are referred to as information systems. To protect
these information systems, the structure is divided into lightning protection zones
(LPZs). This allows to consider local differences in number, type and sensitivity of the
electrical and electronic devices when choosing the protection measures. For each lightning
protection zone, a risk analysis in accordance with IEC 62305-2 (MSZ EN 62305-2) is
performed to select those protection measures which provide optimum protection at
minimum cost.
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IEC 62305 (MSZ EN 62305 ) Part 1 to 4
The IEC 62305 (MSZ EN 62305) standards Parts 1 to 4 can be used to design, install, inspect
and maintain lightning protection systems for structures, their installations, their contents
and the persons within.
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DEHNsupport Toolbox
▪ DEHN Risk Tool ▪ DEHN Air-Termination Tool

▪ DEHN Distance Tool ▪ DEHN Earthing Tool
http://www.dehn-international.com/en/dehnsupport-toolbox
Compact Lightning Protection Seminar – Standards 10.12.13 / 5877_E_2

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Lightning Protection
Lightning discharge

DEHN SE + Co KG
Lightning discharge
• Downward flash (cloud-to-earth flash)

• Upward flash (earth-to-cloud flash)
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In case of downward flashes, leader discharges pointing towards the ground guide the
lightning discharge from the cloud to the earth. Such discharges usually occur in flat
terrain and near low buildings. Cloud-to-earth flashes can be recognised by the
branching which is directed to earth.
The most common type of lightning is a negative downward flash where a leader filled
with negative cloud charge pushes its way from the thundercloud to earth. This leader
propagates as a stepped leader with a speed of around 300 km/h in steps of a few 10 m.
The interval between the jerks amounts to a few 10 μs. When the leader has drawn close to
the earth (a few 100 m to a few 10 m), it causes the strength of the electric field of objects
on the surface of the earth in the vicinity of the leader (e.g. trees, gable ends of buildings)
to increase. The increase is great enough to exceed the dielectric strength of the air. These
objects involved reach out to the leader by growing positive streamers which then meet up
with the leader, initiating the main discharge.
ÜSS_Blitz-Schutzzonen-Konzept © DEHN / protected by ISO 16016

DEHN SE + Co KG
Electrostatic charge separation processes
Electrostatic charge separation processes, e.g. friction and sputtering, are responsible for
charging water droplets and particles of ice in the cloud.
Positively charged particles accumulate in the upper part and negatively charged
particles in the lower part of the thundercloud. In addition, there is again a small positive
charge centre at the bottom of the cloud. This originates from the corona discharge which
emanates from sharp-pointed objects on the ground underneath the thundercloud (e.g.
plants) and is transported upwards by the wind.
If the space charge densities, which happen to be present in a thundercloud, produce local
field strengths of several 100 kV/m, leader discharges are formed which initiate a lightning
discharge.
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Downward flash (cloud-to-earth flash)
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Ratio of the polarities
Positive downward flashes can arise out of the lower, positively charged area of a
thundercloud (Figure 2.1.3).
The ratio of the polarities is around

90 % negative lightning to
10 % positive lightning.
This ratio depends on the geographic location.
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Upward flash (earth-to-cloud flash)
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Upward flash (earth-to-cloud flash)
On very high, exposed objects (e.g. wind turbines, radio masts, telecommunication
towers, steeples) or on the tops of mountains, upward flashes (earth-to-cloud flashes) can
occur. It can be recognised by the upwards-reaching branches of the lightning
discharge (Figure 2.1.4). In case of upward flashes, the high electric field strength
required to trigger a leader is not achieved in the cloud, but rather by the distortion of
the electric field on the exposed object and the associated high strength of the
electric field. From this location, the leader and its charge channel propagate towards the
cloud. Upward flashes occur with both negative polarity (Figure 2.1.5) and with positive
polarity (Figure 2.1.6).
Since, with upward flashes, the leaders propagate from the exposed object on the surface of
the earth to the cloud, high objects can be struck several
times by one lightning discharge during a thunderstorm.
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Lightning discharge - partial lightning strikes
Depending on the type of flash, each lightning discharge consists of one or more
partial lightning strikes. We distinguish between short strokes with a duration of less than
2 ms and long strokes with a duration of more than 2 ms. Further distinctive features of
partial lightning strikes are their polarity (negative or positive) and their temporal position
in the lightning discharge (first, subsequent or superimposed). The possible combinations
of partial lightning strikes are shown in Figure 2.1.7 for downward flashes, and in Figure 2.1.8
for upward flashes.
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Possible components of a downward flash
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Possible components of an upward flash
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Lightning parameters
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Parameters which are important for lightning protection
The lightning currents consisting of both short strokes and long strokes are impressed
currents, i.e. the objects struck have no effect on the lightning currents. Four
parameters which are important for lightning protection can be obtained from the lightning
current curves shown in Figures 2.1.7 and 2.1.8:
• The peak value of the lightning current, I

• The charge of the lightning current Qflash consisting of the charge of the short stroke
Qshort and the charge of the long stroke Qlong
• The specific energy W/R of the lightning current
• The steepness di/dt of the lightning current rise.
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Peak value of the lightning current
Lightning currents are impressed currents, in other words a lightning discharge can be
considered to be an almost ideal current source. If an impressed electric current flows
through conductive parts, a voltage drop across the part carrying the current occurs due to
the amplitude of the current and the impedance of the conductive part carrying the current.
In the simplest case, this relationship can be described using
Ohm´s Law.
U=IR
I Peak value of the lightning current

R Earth resistance
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If a current is formed at a single point

on a homogeneously conducting
surface, a potential gradient area
arises. This effect also occurs when
lightning strikes homogeneous
ground.
If living beings (persons or animals) are
inside this potential gradient area, step
voltage is formed which can cause
electric shock (Figure 2.2.2). The
higher the conductivity of the ground,
the flatter is the potential gradient
area. The risk of dangerous step
voltages is thus also reduced.
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If lightning strikes a building which is already

equipped with a lightning protection system,
the lightning current flowing via the earth-
termination system of the building causes a
voltage drop across the earth resistance RE
of the earth-termination system of the
building (Figure 2.2.3). As long as all exposed
conductive parts in the building are raised to
the same high potential, persons inside the
building are not in danger. Therefore, it is
necessary to establish equipotential bonding
for all exposed conductive parts in the building
and all extraneous conductive parts entering
the building. If this is disregarded, dangerous
touch voltages may occur in case of a lightning
strike.
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The rise in potential of the earth-

termination system as a result of the lightning
current also creates a hazard for electrical
installations (Figure 2.2.4). In the example
shown, the operational earth of the low-
voltage supply system is located outside the
potential gradient area caused by the lightning
current. If lightning strikes the building, the
potential of the operational earth RB is
therefore not identical with the earth
potential of the consumer’s installation
inside the building. In the example, the
difference is 1000 kV. This endangers the
insulation of the electrical installation and the
equipment connected to it.
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Steepness of the lightning current rise
The steepness of lightning current rise Δi/Δt,

which is effective during the interval Δt, defines the
intensity of the electromagnetically induced
voltages. These voltages are induced in all open
or closed conductor loops located in the vicinity
of conductors carrying lightning current. Figure
2.3.1 shows possible configurations of conductor
loops in which lightning currents could induce
voltages. The square wave voltage U induced in a
conductor loop during the interval T1 is:
U = M Δi/Δt
M Mutual inductance of the loop

Δi/Δt Steepness of the lightning current rise
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Steepness of the lightning current rise
As already described, lightning discharges consist

of a number of partial lightning strikes. As far as
the temporal position is concerned, a distinction is
made between first and subsequent short strokes
within a lightning discharge. The main difference
between these two types of short strokes is that, due
to the formation of a lightning channel, the lightning
current rise in case of a first stroke is not as steep
as that of the subsequent stroke, which can use an
existing conductive lightning channel.
The steepness of the lightning current rise of the
subsequent stroke is therefore used to assess the
maximum induced voltage in conductor loops. Figure
2.3.2 shows an example of how to assess the induced
voltage in a conductor loop.
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Charge of the lightning current
The charge Qflash of the lightning current

consists of the charge Qshort of the short
stroke and the charge Qlong of the long
stroke. The charge
of the lightning current is decisive for the

energy conversion at the exact point of
strike and at all points where the lightning
current occurs in the form of an arc along an
insulating clearance.
The energy W converted at the base point
of the arc is the product of the charge Q
and the anode / cathode drop voltage
UA,C , which is in the micrometre range
(Figure 2.4.1).
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Consequently, the charge of the lightning current causes the components of the
lightning protection system directly struck by lightning to melt and also stresses
isolating and protective spark gaps as well as spark-gap-based surge protective devices.
Recent tests have shown that, because the arc persists for a longer time, it is mainly the
long stroke charge Qlong which is capable of melting or vaporising large volumes of
material. Figures 2.4.2 and 2.4.3 show a comparison between the effects of the short
stroke charge Qshort and the long stroke charge Qlong.
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Lightning Protection – Theme 3
Lightning parameters II.

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Specific energy – Resistive heating
The calculation of the temperature rise of conductors carrying lightning impulse

currents may be required if the risks to persons and the risks from fire and explosion
have to be taken into account during the design and installation of lightning protection
systems. The calculation assumes that all the thermal energy is generated by the
ohmic resistance of the components of the lightning protection system. Furthermore,
it is assumed that there is no perceptible heat exchange with the surroundings due to the
short duration of the process.
Resistive heating takes place in any component of an LPS carrying a significant part of
the lightning current. The minimum cross-sectional area of conductors must be sufficient
to prevent overheating of the conductors to a level that would present a fire hazard to the
surroundings. Despite the thermal aspects, the mechanical withstand, and durability
criteria have to be considered for parts exposed to atmospheric conditions and/or
corrosion. The evaluation of conductor heating due to lightning current flow is
sometimes necessary when problems can arise because of the risk of personal injury
and of fire or explosion damages.
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The instantaneous power dissipated as heat in a conductor due to an electrical current is
expressed as:
P(t ) = i R
2
The thermal energy generated by the complete lightning pulse is therefore the ohmic
resistance of the lightning path through the LPS component considered, multiplied by
the specific energy of the pulse. This thermal energy is expressed in units of Joules (J) or
Watt´seconds (W×s).
W = R   i 2  dt
In a lightning discharge, the high specific energy phases of the lightning flash are too
short in duration for any heat generated in the structure to be dispersed significantly. The
phenomenon is therefore to be considered adiabatic.

DEHN SE + Co KG

The temperature of the conductors of the LPS can be evaluated as follows:
 W 
  0
1 R 
θ-θ0 = exp 2 − 1
 q    CW 
 
θ – θ0 is the temperature rise of the conductors (K);

α is the temperature coefficient of the resistance (1/K);
W/R W/R is the specific energy of the current impulse (J/W);
ρ0 is the specific ohmic resistance of the conductor at ambient temperature (Ωm);
q is the cross-sectional area of the conductor (m2);
 is the material density (kg/m3);
Cw is the thermal capacity (J/kgK);
θs is the melting temperature (°C).
W/R = i² • dt Specific energy W/R:
- Is depending from the square of the lighting

Short stroke current and the time (W/R)
- Characteristic for the conductor heating of
the down conductor
Zeit
W/R
W/R = i² • dt
LPS Class Specific energy Down conductor

W/R
I 10 MJ/W
II 5,6 MJ/W
III / IV 2,5 MJ/W
heating

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Specific energy
The specific energy W/R of a short stroke is the energy the short stroke converts into a resistance
of 1 Ω. This energy conversion is the integral of the square of the short stroke over time for
the duration of the short stroke:
Therefore, this specific energy is frequently referred to as

current square impulse. It is relevant for the temperature
rise in conductors carrying lightning impulse currents as
well as for the force exerted between conductors
carrying lightning impulse currents (Figure 2.5.1).
Table 2.5.1 lists the temperature rises of

different lightning protection materials as
well as their cross-sections as a function of
the specific energy.
The typical lightning stroke is characterized by a
short duration stroke (time to half value of
a few 100 ms) and high current peak value.
The component of the lightning flash most relevant
to this heating mechanism is the first short
stroke.
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Specific energy – electrodynamic forces
The force between the two conductors is

attractive if the currents flow in the same
direction and repulsive if the currents flow in
opposite directions. It is proportional to the
product of the currents in the conductors and
inversely proportional to the distance of the
conductors.
Even in the case of a single, bent conductor, a
force is exerted on the conductor. In this case, the
force is proportional to the square of the
current in the bent conductor. Thus, the
specific energy of the short stroke defines the
stress which causes reversible or irreversible
deformation of components and arrangements
of a lightning protection system.
These effects are considered in the test setups of the product standards concerning the
requirements made on lightning protection components for lightning protection systems.
EB Image 2014 9
In an LPS an example is given by a symmetric corner

arrangement of conductors, forming an angle of
90°, with a clamp positioned in the vicinity of the
corner.
The diagram of the stresses for this configuration is
reported in the Figure down right. The axial force
on the horizontal conductor tends to pull the
conductor out of the clamp.
The numerical value of the force along the horizontal
conductor, considering a peak current value of 100 kA
clamp
and a length of a vertical conductor of 0,5 m, is shown
in the Figure down.
Axial force
EB Image 2014 10
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DEHN SE + Co KG
Testing of clamps
MSZ EN 62561-1:2017
• Mounting on an inslulating plate
• Lightning current 50 kA / 100 kA
Class of
clamps limp W/R T1 td
± 10% ± 35 %
H kA
100 kJ/W
2500  50 2
N 50 630  50 2
• Isolated lightning protection system:
Source: IEC 62561-8:2018, Table 2
11
Testing of clamps
• Lightning current 100 kA (10/350 µs)

accordnig to test class H
• Tightening torque: 25 Nm
(according to manufacturer data)
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DEHN SE + Co KG
Testing of clamps - Test is successful
13
Testing of clamps - Test is successful – Video with high speed camera – slow motion
14

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Testing of clamps - Test is unsuccessful
• Lightning current 100 kA (10/350 µs)

accordnig to test class H
• Tightening torque: is only: 10 Nm

(not according manufacturer data)
15
Testing of clamps - Test is unsuccessful
EB Image 2014 16
16

DEHN SE + Co KG
Testing of clamps - Test is unsuccessful – Video with high speed camera – slow motion
17
Wiring tested with an impulse current
EB Image 2014 18
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DEHN SE + Co KG
Effects of electrodynamic forces

In terms of amplitude of applied force, the instantaneous value of the electrodynamic force F(t) is
proportional to the square of the instantaneous current i(t)2. In terms of the stress development
within the mechanical LPS structure, expressed by the product of the elastic deformation δ(t) and the
elastic constant k of the LPS structure, two effects should be considered. The natural mechanical
frequency (linked with the elastic behaviour of the LPS structure) and the permanent deformation
of the LPS structure (linked with its plastic behaviour) are the most important parameters. Moreover,
in many cases the effect of the friction forces within the structure are also of significant importance.
The amplitude of the vibrations of the elastic LPS structure, caused by an electrodynamic
force developed by the lightning current, can be evaluated by means of second order
differential equations; the key factor is the ratio between the duration of the current impulse
and the period of natural mechanical oscillation of the LPS structure. The typical condition
encountered in LPS applications consists of natural oscillation periods of the structure much
longer than that of the applied force (duration of the lightning current impulse). In this case
the maximum mechanical stress occurs after the cessation of the current impulse and has a
peak value that remains lower than that of the applied force. In most cases, maximum mechanical
stress can be neglected.
19
Effects of electrodynamic forces

…
Plastic deformation occurs when the tensile stress exceeds the elastic limit of the material. If the
material composing the LPS structure is soft, for example aluminium or annealed copper, the
electrodynamic forces can deform the conductors in corners and loops. LPS components
should therefore be designed to withstand these forces and to show essentially an elastic
behaviour.
The total mechanical stress applied to the LPS structure depends on the time integral of the applied
force and therefore on the specific energy associated with the current impulse. It also depends on
the shape of the current impulse and its duration (compared with the period of natural oscillation
of the structure). All these influencing parameters must therefore be taken into account during
testing.
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Acoustic shock wave damage

When a lightning current flows in an arc a shock wave is produced. The severity of the shock is
dependent upon the peak current value and the rate of rise of the current.
In general, the damage due to the acoustic shock wave is insignificant on metal parts of the
LPS but can cause damage to surrounding items.
Combined effects
In practice, both thermal and mechanical effects occur simultaneously. If the heating of the
material of the components (rods, clamps, etc.) is sufficient to soften the materials, much greater
damage can occur than otherwise. In extreme cases, the conductor could explosively fuse and cause
considerable damage to the surrounding structure. If the cross-section of the metal is sufficient to
safely handle the overall action, only mechanical integrity need be checked.
21
Lightning current components
The total lightning current can be subdivided

into individual lightning current components:
• First positive short stroke

• First negative short stroke
• Subsequent short stroke
• Long stroke
EB Image 2014 22
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DEHN SE + Co KG
Lightning current components
EB Image 2014 23
23
Assignment of lightning current parameters to lightning protection levels
Probability of lightning peak current

Maximum values
Maximum values (dimensioning criteria which are used to design lightning protection components
in such a way that they meet the requirements expected)
EB Image 2014 24
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Maximum values
25
25
Assignment of lightning current parameters to lightning protection levels

Minimum values
Minimum values (interception criteria which are necessary to be able to determine the areas which are
sufficiently protected against direct lightning strikes (rolling sphere radius)
EB Image 2014 26
26
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Minimum values
27
27

Minimum – Maximum values
I 3 kA(99%) (99%)200 kA
II 5 kA(97%) (98%)150 kA
III 10 kA(91%) (97%)100 kA
IV 16 kA(84%)(97%)100 kA
5 100 150 200

Ipeak/kA
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Rolling sphere – final striking distance - electro-geometric model
EB Image 2014 29
29
Rolling sphere radius - electro-geometric model
Criteria Lightning Protection Level (LPL)

Variable Unit I II III IV
Minimum lightning current I kA 3 5 10 16
Rolling shpere radius r m 20 30 45 60
The interception efficiency of an air-termination system depends on the minimum lightning current
parameters and on the related rolling sphere radius. The geometrical boundary of areas which are protected
against direct lightning flashes can be determined using the rolling sphere method.
Following the electro-geometric model, the rolling sphere radius r (final jump distance) is correlated with the peak
value of the first impulse current. In an IEEE working group report[5], the relation is given as
r = 10 · I0,65
where
r is the rolling sphere radius (m);
I is the peak current (kA).
For a given rolling sphere radius r it can be assumed that all flashes with peak values
higher than the corresponding minimum peak value I will be intercepted by natural or dedicated air terminations.
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Rolling sphere method
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31
Rolling sphere method – protected areas in 3D designed with LPS IV
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DEHN protects.
We accept no liability for technical modifications, misprints and errors. Illustrations are not binding.
33
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Lightning current
measurments

DEHN SE + Co KG
Lightning current measurements for upward and downward flashes

In general, it is assumed that downward flashes (cloud-to earth flashes) place a greater stress on
objects hit by lightning than upward flashes (earth-to-cloud flashes), particularly with regard to short
strokes. In the majority of cases, downward flashes are to be expected in flat terrain and near low
structures. If, however, structures are situated in an exposed location and / or are very high, upward
flashes typically occur.
The parameters defined in the lightning protection standards generally apply to upward and
downward flashes.
In case of upward flashes, especially the long stroke with or without superimposed impulse
currents must be considered.
Lightning current measurements for upward and

downward flashes

downward flashes
Lightning current measurements for scientific fundamental
research are performed on different lightning measuring
stations throughout the world.
Figure 2.8.1 shows the lightning measuring station
operated by the Austrian research group ALDIS on the
Gaisberg mountain near Salzburg / Austria.
Since 2007, DEHN has been performing lightning current
measurements on this measuring station by means of a
mobile lightning current detection unit.

DEHN SE + Co KG

Results of these comparison measurements basically confirm the lightning current parameters as
described in the latest IEC 62305-1 (EN 62305-1) standard. The high number of superimposed
impulse currents in case of upward flashes is particularly remarkable. With an average of 8 short
strokes (either superimposed on the long stroke or subsequent to the long stroke), considerably more
impulse currents were recorded than the 3 to 4 subsequent strokes which typically occur in case of
downward flashes. Thus, the 3 to 4 impulse discharges per flash stated in the lightning protection
standards only apply to downward flashes.
For 10 years (2000 to 2009), ALDIS has been recording 10 flashes with total charges exceeding the
maximum charge value of 300 As depending on the lightning protection level (LPL).
These high charge values were recorded only during winter thunderstorms. In the first measuring
period, the mobile system also recorded long strokes during winter thunderstorms with higher
charges than the charges specified for LPL I.

downward flashes
Figure 2.8.2 shows a long stroke with a charge of 405 As

recorded in January 2007. These extreme loads, which
exceed the charge value of 300 As of LPL I, may have to be
taken into account when taking lightning protection
measures for high structures at exposed locations such
as wind turbines and transmitters.
DEHN test center with a capacity of 400 kA

lightning current

DEHN SE + Co KG
Lightning density maps
Number of lightning strikes in Germany recorded from 1999 to 2013
3 mil.
2.5 mil.
recorded lightning strikes
2 mil.
1.5 mil.
1 mil.
0.5 mil.
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Ref.: Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungsgesellschaft e.V. + BLIDS

year


DEHN SE + Co KG
Lightning information service from Siemens

www.blids.de
Number of lightning occurrences

registered in Germany
2004 1,752,455
2005 1,927,941
2006 2,484,791
2007 2,662,409
2008 2,153,171
2009 2,354,567
2010 1,349,049
2011 1,753,578
2012 2,183,275
2013 1,749,896
receiving antennas
Ref.: www.blids.de

Flash density map Germany
between 1999 and 2005 between 1999 and 2011

DIN EN 62305-2 supplement 1 DIN EN 62305-2 supplement 1
(VDE 0185-305-2 supplement 1):2007-01 (VDE 0185-305-2 supplement 1):2013-02
Urban and rural districts between 1999 and 2011

Flashes between 1999 and 2005 Total number of flashes per km2 and year
(cloud-to-earth flashes per km² and year)
3.68 – 4.84 ≤ 3.00
3.13 – 3.67 ≤ 2.40
2.68 – 3.12 ≤ 1.80
2.28 – 2.67 ≤ 1.60
1.88 – 2.27 ≤ 1.30
1.34 – 1.87 ≤ 1.10
0.57 – 1.33 ≤ 0.96
Borders of federal states ≤ 0.60
Ref.: VdS Meteo-Info Ref.: Blids
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DEHN SE + Co KG
Basis of flash density maps
The flash density is based on positive and negative cloud-to-earth/earth-to-cloud flashes. These are
characterised by several (multiple) discharges which are formed as follows:
1. First discharge (first stroke)
2. A second leader occurs on the still ionised conducting path with a time delay of 10-100 ms
3. Another leader with impulse currents occurs
4. Up to 10 of such subsequent strokes (strokes) may follow
first stroke second stroke third stroke fourth stroke

with subsequent long stroke
20 ms 40 ms 40 ms 500 ms 1 ms
Ref.: Handbuch für Blitzschutz und Erdung, 5.
5thAuflage;
edition;Hasse,
Hasse,Wiesinger,
Wiesinger,Zischank
Zischank

11
Flash density map Germany

Flash
Fact 1:
Several leading tips
Fact 2:
Several strokes
flash flash (new) x 2 stroke (old)

0.6 1.2 0.57 – 1.33
0.96 1.92 1.34 – 1.87
Urban and rural districts ≤ 3.00 1.1 2.2 1.88 – 2.27
between 1999 and 2011 ≤ 2.40
1.3 2.6 2.28 – 2.67
Total number of flashes ≤ 1.80
per km2 and year ≤ 1.60 1.6 3.2 2.68 – 3.12
≤ 1.30
≤ 1.10 1.8 3.6 3.13 – 3.67
≤ 0.96 2.4 4.8 3.68 – 4.84
≤ 0.60
Ref.: Blids 3 6 > 4.85

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DEHN SE + Co KG
Determination of the flash density

between 1999 and 2011
Total number of flashes

per km² and year
Measured values Factor 2*
≤ 3.00 6.00
≤ 2.40 4.80
≤ 1.80 3.60
≤ 1.60 3.20
≤ 1.30 2.60
≤ 1.10 2.20
≤ 0.96 1.92
≤ 0.60 1.20
*DIN EN 62305-2 supplement 1

(VDE 0185-305-2 supplement 1):2013-02
Ref.: Blids

13
Lightning Location Systems (LLS)

EUCLID
14

DEHN SE + Co KG
Lightning Report
Siemens BILDS
15
Flash density map Hungary

Data colletion: in the 1950’s
MSZ EN 62305-2
16

DEHN SE + Co KG
Flash density map Hungary DEHNsupport program
Magyarázat
(felhő-föld villámok km2-enként évente)
Mért értékek + 25% a kockázat-
elemzéshez*
1.9 - 2,4 3,00

1,5 - 1,9 2,38
1,1 - 1,5 1,88
0,8 - 1,1 1,38
*DIN EN 62305
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Flash density map - Hungary

Villamos TvMI 7.1:2015.03.05
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DEHN SE + Co KG
Flash density map - Hungary

Villamos TvMI 7.2:2016.07.01
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Risk analysis
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Connection between the various parts of IEC 62305
IEC 62305-1 Lightning threat
IEC 62305-2 Lightning risk
LP LP: Lightning Protection
LPS SPM LPS: Lightning Protection System

SPM: Surge Protection Measures
IEC IEC
62305-3 62305-4 Protection measures

21
MSZ EN 62305-3:2011
4 Lightning protection system (LPS)

4.1 Class of LPS
The characteristics of an LPS are determined by the characteristics of the structure to
be protected and by the considered lightning protection level.
Four classes of LPS (I to IV), as shown in Table 1, are defined in this standard
corresponding to lightning protection levels defined in IEC 62305-1.
The class of required LPS shall be selected on the basis of a risk assessment (see IEC
62305-2).
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Tolerable risk, RT
total risk of
the structure
decreasing
signing an
Risk Insuarance
risks
through
Establshing the total risk
contract
protection
for the
measures
structure
tolerable
Remaining risk, RT
Structure is not
Risks
Structure is
protected
protected
23
Protection goal: Decreasing risks under the value of the tolerable risk, RT
RISK
24
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DEHN SE + Co KG
tolerable risk RT
RB
RA RV
protection measures
to decrease risks risks
25
tolerable risk RT
RB
RA RV
protection measures
26
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tolerable risk RT
RB
RA RV
protection measures
27
tolerable risk RT
RZ
RA RV
protection measures
28
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Determination of risks for a structure
Source
Loss Damage
29
DEHN protects.
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Risk management

DEHN SE + Co KG
Determination of risks for a structure
Source
Loss Damage
Sources of damage
The actual sources of damage are lightning strikes that are Source
subdivided into four groups depending on the point of strike:
S1: Direct lightning strike to a structure;
S2: Lightning strike near a structure;
S3: Direct lightning strike to an incoming line;
S4: Lightning strike near an incoming line.

DEHN SE + Co KG
Types of damage
These sources of damage may result in different types of Source
damage which cause the loss. The standard specifies three

types of damage: Damage
D1: Injury to living beings by electric shock as a

result of touch and step voltage
D2: Fire, explosion, mechanical and chemical reactions

as a result of the physical effects of the lightning
discharge;
LEMP
D3: Failure of electrical and electronic systems as a result

of surges
Types of loss
Depending on the type of construction, use and substance Source
of the structure, the relevant loss can be very different.

IEC 62305-2 (EN 62305-2) specifies the following four types Loss Damage
of loss:
L1: Loss of human life (injury to or death of Types of losses

persons); L1, L2 and L3 are
Strom
Wasser
important losses for the
Gas
L2: Loss of service to the public; society,
the loss type L4 is a pure
economical loss
L3: Loss of cultural heritage;
L4: Loss of economic value

(structure and its content,
incoming line and loss of function).

DEHN SE + Co KG
Risks
Risks R3
R1
R2
R4
RISK
DEHNsupport-Risikoanalyse
Risks
Through the interaction of the mentioned factors the following risks are to be considered, which for a
structure have to be evaluated:
RT (1/Year)
R1: Risk of loss of human life
(included the long lasting injuries) 10-5
R2: Risk of loss of service to the public

10-3
R3: Risk of loss of cultural heritage 10-4
R4: Risk of loss of economic value
DEHNsupport-Risikoanalyse 19.07.13 / 6053_D_1


DEHN SE + Co KG
Evaluating R2
Loss of services
Services – Services for the public

Risk R2
primary service secondary service
Gas Bank service
Water Public transport
Electricity Commerce
Telecommunication Public services
TV Administration
Industry
Medical service
A service can display besides human basic Food production

necessities also economic dependency Authority radio system
from fixed assets.
Risk components
Risks R3
R1
R2
R4 Risk
components RX
RISK
RM
RA RB RC
RW RV RU
RZ
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DEHN SE + Co KG
Risk components
Human life Service Cultural heritage Economical

losses
R1 R2 R3 R4
Each risk, R, is the sum of its risk components.

= = = =
R1= RA+RB+RC R2= RB+RC+ R3= RB+RV R4= RA+RB+RC

+RM+RU+ RM+RV+ +RM+RU+
RV+RW+RZ RW+RZ RV+RW+RZ
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Overview of risk components RX
RA RB RC
S1
RZ S4
Rx S2 RM
S3
RW RV RU
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DEHN SE + Co KG
Risk components RA, RB, RC

Source of damage, S1
RA= Living beings RB= Fire RC= Overvoltage (LEMP)
Injury to living beings Physical damage caused by Failure of internal systems

caused by electric shock dangerous sparking inside caused by LEMP. Elektro-
due to touch and step the structure triggering fire magnetic effects of the
voltages inside the structure or explosion which may also lightning current.
and outside endanger the environment.
Possible types of loss:
Possible types of loss: Possible types of loss: L1: human life (structures
L1: human life L1: human life with risk of explosion,
L4: economical losses L2: service or hospital)
(only in agricultural L3: cultural heritage L2: service
plants) L4: economical losses L4: economical losses
13
Risk components RM
RM= Overvoltage (LEMP)
End device
Failure of internal systems

caused by LEMP. Elektro-
magnetic effects of the
lightning current.

L1: human life (structures
with risk of explosion,
or hospital)
L2: service
L4: economical losses

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DEHN SE + Co KG
Risk components RU, RV, RW

RU= Human life RV= Fire RW= Overvoltage
End device End device End device
MDB MDB MDB
Injury to living beings Physical damage (fire or Failure of internal systems

caused by electric shock explosion) due to lightning caused by overvoltages
due to touch voltage inside current transmitted through induced on incoming lines
the structure due to or along incoming lines. and transmitted to the
lightning currents structure.
transmitted through Possible types of loss:
incoming lines Possible types of loss: L1: human life (structures
Possible types of loss: L1: human life with risk of explosion,
L1: human life L2: service or hospital)
L4: economical losses L3: cultural heritage L2: service
(only in agricultural L4: economical losses L4: economical losses
plants)
15
Risk components RZ – Overvoltage

RZ= Overvoltage
End device
MDB
Failure of internal systems

caused by overvoltages
induced on incoming
lines and transmitted to the
structure.

L1: human life (structures
with risk of explosion,
or hospital)
L2: service
L4: economical losses

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DEHN SE + Co KG
Risks, sources of damage, types of damage and

risk components
Risks Types of loss Types of damage Risk compnents
Electric shock (1) RA ; R U

Injury/death
R1 Fire ect. RB; RV
of Persons (L1)
Overvoltage (2) RC; RM; RW; RZ
Loss of Fire etc. RB; RV
R2
service (L2) Overvoltage (3) RC; RM; RW; RZ
R3 Loss of cultural heritage (L3) Fire etc. RB; RV
Electric shock (4) RA ; R U
R4 Economical loss (L4) Fire ect. RB; RV
Overvoltage RC; RM; RW; RZ
(1) when touch and step voltage life of human beings endanger (for example Stadion),
(2) when overvoltage directly endangers human life (for example hospital, or building with risk of
explosion),
(3) when overvoltage a service directly endangers (for example sensible electronic systems),
(4) when touch and step voltage life of animals endanger (for example agricultural plants).
Lit.: DIN EN 62305-2 (VDE 0185-305-2):2013-02
17
Risk components
Risks R3
R1
R2
R4 Risk
components RX
Factors
RISK RA
RW
RM
RB
RV
RC
RU
Nx number of dangerous events
RZ
Px probability of damage to a structure
Lx losses

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DEHN SE + Co KG
Calculation of risk
components
19
Risk components RX
Factors
RX = NX ∙ PX ∙ LX
NX PX LX
number of probability of loss
dangerous damage to the factor
events structure
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DEHN SE + Co KG
Collection area for a lightning strike
Collection area AD for a lightning flash to an isolated structure
S1
AD
Collection area AM for a lightning flash near the structure
S2
AM
21
Structure to be considered for the calculation of collection area AD
B-building or part of it for which

protection is considered
(evaluation of AD is needed)
B
B part of building for which
protection is not considered
(evaluation of AD is not needed)
S-structure to be considered for

B 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 S risk assessment (dimensions of S
B are to be used for evaluation of
A D) A D
Partitioning (fire wall) REI ≥120
B Partitioning (fire wall) REI < 120

B S
4, 8
equipment
A
internal system
B B
SPD
Grundlagen Risikoanalyse 13.01.14 / 6081_D_1

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DEHN SE + Co KG
MSZ EN 62305-2: 2012
Structure as a part of a building
Where the structure S to be considered consists of only a part of a building B, the dimensions of
structure S may be used in evaluation of AD provided that the following conditions are fulfilled:
– the structure S is a separated vertical part of the building B;
– the building B does not have a risk of explosion;
– propagation of fire between the structure S and other parts of the building B is avoided by means of
walls with resistance to fire of 120 min (REI 120) or by means of other equivalent protection
measures;
– propagation of overvoltages along common lines, if any, is avoided by means of SPDs installed at
the entrance point of such lines in the structure or by means of other equivalent protection
measure.
23
Evaluation of a structure
Example: production building
Expansion of an existing building
Risk analysis – collection area:

Expansion
Existing building + expansion
Firewall
existing building
As the fire protection rules for the transition of electronic and electric cables
through fire walls are not hold, the complete building has to be regarded in the
risk analysis.
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DEHN SE + Co KG
Special Hungarian rules
• National Fire Protection Regulation: 54/2014 Decree of the Interior Minister (OTSZ, 54/2014 BM
rendelet)
• Electrical fire protection guideline, villamos TvMI 7.4:2020.01.22
Special rules are defined for the expansion of an existing bulding.
Blitzschutz-Seminar Blitzschäden/Blitzentstehung 25
25
Collection area for a lightning flash
Collection area AL for a lightning flash to the incoming line
S3
Cable end„b“ AL Cable end „a“
Collection area AI for a lightning flash near to the incoming line
S4
AI
18.07.13 / 8374_D_2
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DEHN SE + Co KG
Collection area for a lightning flash
Collection area ADJ for a lightning flash to an adjacent structure
S1
3HJ
ADJ z. B. Trafostation

27
Relative location of the structure Cd
Object is surrounded by higher Object is surrounded by objects

objects of the same height or smaller
Note:
For exact calculation of
0,25 0,5 the influence of
surrounded objects one
Cd can jugde the relative
1 2 hight of the structure to
the surrounding objects
by taking into account
only such surrounding
objects which are closer
than 3H. In other cases Cd
= 1 has to be taken into
account.
Isolated structure: no other Isolated structure on a hilltop or
objects in the vicinity a knoll
Lit.: DIN EN 62305-2 (VDE 0185-305-2):2013-02

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DEHN SE + Co KG
Line environmental factor CE
0,01 0,1
Urban with tall buildings ( 20,0 m) Urban (< 20 m)

Ce
Suburban (e.g. outer area of a city) Rural (e.g. village)
0,5 1
29
A.2.4 Number of dangerous events ND for the structure
ND = NG • AD • CD • 10-6
S1
Table A.1 – Structure location factor CD
Relative location CD RA
Structure surrounded by higher objects 0,25 RB
Structure surrounded by objects of the same height or smaller 0,5
Isolated structure: no other objects in the vicinity 1 RC
Isolated structure on a hilltop or a knoll 2
RM
Remark: RU
A more precise evaluation of the surrounding objects' influence can be
obtained considering the relative height of the structure with respect to RV
the surrounding objects or the ground within a distance of 3 × H from the
structure and assuming CD = 1. RW
RZ
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DEHN SE + Co KG
A.4 Assessment of the average annual number of dangerous events NL due

to flashes to a line
NL = NG • AL • Cl • CE • CT • 10-6
S3
AL
CT
Collection area AL
Table A.3 - Line type factor CT RA
LL = is the length of the line section
(m) Installation CT
RB
LV power, telecommunication or data line 1
Where the length of a line section is unknown,
LL = 1 000 m is to be assumed. HV power (with HV/LV transformer)
0,2
RC
AL = 40 • LL
CE RM
CI
Table A.4 - Line environmental factor CE RU
Table A.2 - Line installation factor CI
Environment
RV
CE
Routing Rural
Cl 1
Aerial
1 Suburban 0,5
Buried 0,5 Urban
0,1 RW
Buried cables running entirely within a meshed earth Urban with tall buildings a 0,01
0,01
termination (5.2 of EN 62305-4:2011).
a Buildings higher than 20 m.
RZ
10.06.2012 / 8025_D_16
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Risk components RX
Faktors
Property of a structure
NX PX LX
events structure
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DEHN SE + Co KG
Administration and production building

Structure with zones, ZS
The zones, ZS in a multiple zone building can be Type of soil or floor

defined mainly through: (Risk components RA and RU)
Fireproof partitions
(Risk component RB and RV)
Room shielding
(Risk component RC and RM)
Arrangement of the internal

systems (Risk components RC
and RM)
Power supply
Existing or planned
protection measures
(all risk components)
Information technology Rst Loss values, LX

system

33
B.4 Probability PC that a flash to a structure will cause failure of internal systems
S1
PC = PSPD • CLD
RA
Table B.3 – Value of the probability PSPD as a function of LPL for which SPDs are designedPSPD RB
LPL P SPD
No coordinated SPD system 1 RC
III-IV 0,05
II
I
0,02
RM
0,01
NOTE 2 0,005 - 0,001
RU
RV
RW
RZ
34
17

DEHN SE + Co KG
B.4 Probability PC that a flash to a structure will cause failure of internal systems
MSZ EN 62305-2 (VDE 0185-305-2):2013-02 S1
PC = PSPD • CLD
Table B.4 – Values of factors CLD and CLI depending on shielding, grounding and isolation conditions
RA
External line type Connection at entrance CLD CLI
Aerial line unshielded Undefined
Buried line unshielded Undefined

1 1
RB
1 1
Multi grounded neutral power line None
RC
1 0,2
Shielded buried line (power or TLC)
Shield not bonded to the same bonding bar as equipment 1 0,3
RM
Shielded aerial line (power or TLC) Shield not bonded to the same bonding bar as equipment 1 0,1
Shielded buried line(power or TLC)

Shield bonded to the same bonding bar as equipment 1 0 RU
Shielded aerial line (power or TLC) Shield bonded to the same bonding bar as equipment 1 0
Lightning protective cable or wiring in

RV
lightning protective cable ducts, metallic Shield bonded to the same bonding bar as equipment 0 0
conduit, or metallic tubes
(No external line) No connection to external lines (stand-alone systems) 0 0 RW

Any type Isolating interface according to EN 62305 -4 0 0
RZ
35
Risk components RX
Faktors
Possible losses
NX PX LX
events structure
36
18

DEHN SE + Co KG
Definition of possible losses in function of

risk components
RA RB RC RM RU RV RW RZ
trh. loss of internal systems loss/injury
trh. loss of internal systems


through physical damage
through physical damage

of human being
of human being
LA LB LC LM LU LV LW LZ
37
Loss of human life (L1)
Type of loss L1: Loss values for each zone

S1 S2
L A = rt • LT • nz/nt • tz/8760 S3 S4
LU = rt • LT • nz/nt • tz/8760
LB = LV = rp • rf • hz • LF • nz/nt • tz/8760
LC = LM = LW = L Z = LO • nz/nt • tz/8760
Ref.: IEC 62305-2:2010, Table C.1

20.07.15 / 8980_E_1
Fundamentals risk analysis © DEHN / protected by ISO 16016
38
19

DEHN SE + Co KG
Loss of human life (L1)

Legend
LT is the typical mean relative numbers of victims injured by electric shock due to one
dangerous event;
LF is the typical mean relative numbers of victims by physical damage due to one dangerous event;
LO is the typical mean relative numbers of victims by failure of internal systems due to one dangerous event;
rt is a factor reducing the loss of human life depending on the type of soil or floor;
rp is a factor reducing the loss due to physical damage depending on the provisions taken
to reduce the consequences of fire;
rf is a factor reducing the loss due to physical damage depending on the risk of fire or on
the risk of explosion of the structure;
hz is a factor increasing the loss due to physical damage when a special hazard is present;
nz is the number of persons in the zone;
nt is the total number of persons in the structure;
tz is the time in hours per year for which the persons are present in the zone.
Ref.: IEC 62305-2:2010, Table C.1

20.07.15 / 8980_E_2
Fundamentals risk analysis © DEHN / protected by ISO 16016
39
Unacceptable loss of service to the public (L2)
Unacceptable loss of service to the public L2: Loss values for each zone
LB = LV = rp • rf • LF • nz/nt
S1 S2
S3 S4
LC = LM = LW = L Z = LO • nz/nt
RA
RB
RC
RM
RU
RV
RW
RZ
20.07.15 / 8980_D_3
Grundlagen Risikoanalyse
40
20

DEHN SE + Co KG
Unacceptable loss of service to the public (L2)

Legend
LF is the typical mean percentage of users not served, resulting from physical damage (D2) due to one dangerous
event;
LO is the typical mean percentage of users not served resulting from failure of internal systems (D3) due to one
dangerous event;
rp is a factor reducing the loss due to physical damage depending on the provisions taken to reduce the
consequences of fire;
rf is a factor reducing the loss due to physical damage depending on the risk of fire;
nz is the number of users served by the zone;
nt is the total number of users served by the structure.
20.07.15 / 8980_D_4
41
Loss of irreplaceable cultural heritage (L3)
Loss L3: Loss values for each zone S1 S3
LB = LV = rp • rf • LF • cz/ct
RA
RB
RC
RM
RU
RV
RW
RZ
Lit.: DIN EN 62305-2 (VDE 0185-305-2):2013-02 Tabelle C.9
42
21

DEHN SE + Co KG
Loss of irreplaceable cultural heritage (L3)

Legend
LF is the typical mean percentage of value of all goods damaged by physical damage (D2) due to one dangerous
event;
rf is a factor reducing the loss due to physical damage depending on the risk of fire;
cz is the value of cultural heritage in the zone;
ct is the total value of building and content of the structure (sum over all zones).
20.07.15 / 8980_D_6
43
Economic loss (L4)
Loss L4: Loss values for each zone

S1 S2
S3 S4
L A = rt • LT • ca/ct
RA
LU = r t • LT • ca/ct
RB
LB = LV = rp • rf • LF • (ca+cb+cc+cs) / ct RC
RM
LC = LM = LW = L Z = LO • cs / ct
RU
RV
RW
RZ
Lit.: DIN EN 62305-2 (VDE 0185-305-2):2013-02 Tabelle C.11
44
22

DEHN SE + Co KG
Economic loss (L4)

Legend
LT is the typical mean percentage of economic value of all goods damaged by electric shock (D1) due to one
dangerous event;
LF is the typical mean percentage of economic value of all goods damaged by physical damage (D2) due to one
dangerous event;
LO is the typical mean percentage of economic value of all goods damaged by failure of internal systems (D3)
due to one dangerous event;
rt is a factor reducing the loss of animals depending on the type of soil or floor;
rf is a factor reducing the loss due to physical damage depending on the risk of fire or on the risk of explosion of
the structure;
cA is the value of animals in the zone;
cB is the value of building relevant to the zone;
cC is the value of content in the zone;
cS is the value of internal systems including their activities in the zone;
ct is the total value of the structure (sum over all zones for animals, building, content and internal systems
including their activities).
20.07.15 / 8980_D_8
45
DEHN protects.
46
23

DEHN SE + Co KG
Risk management

DEHN SE + Co KG
DEHNsupport Toolbox
▪ DEHN Risk Tool ▪ DEHN Air-Termination Tool

▪ DEHN Distance Tool ▪ DEHN Earthing Tool
▪ DEHNselect SPD Tool
http://www.dehn-international.com/en/dehnsupport-toolbox

DEHNsupport Toolbox -
Risk Tool
Calculation example: Warehouse

DEHN SE + Co KG
DEHN Risk Tool

Calculation example: Warehouse

DEHN SE + Co KG
Protection measures
According to MSZ EN 62305-2:2012

Evaluation and selection of protection measures

DEHN SE + Co KG
Overview of risk components RX
RA RB RC
S1
RZ S4
Rx S2 RM
S3
RW RV RU
Risk components RX
Faktors
Property of a structure
NX PX LX
events structure

DEHN SE + Co KG
Risk componens RA, RU

Risk of step and touch voltage
RA RU
Measures to reduce RA and RU

Probabilities PTA and PTU
RA + RU: human life
Injury to living beings caused

0,1 by electric shock due to touch
0,01 and step voltages inside the
Warnings Electrical insulation of
structure and outside
exposed parts
(e. g. down
conductors)
End device
0,0
0,01 Using the building MDB
Effective potential control framework as down
in the soil conductor

DEHN SE + Co KG
CUI down conductor with insulation (100 kV)
Test of CUI down conductor with „standardized” rain

DEHN SE + Co KG
CUI down conductor

Application
A nézet
A nézet
Effective potential control in the soil

Schematic representation
Lit.: MSZ EN 62305-3:2011 E.5.4.3.4
10

DEHN SE + Co KG
Measures to reduce RA and RU

Reduction factor rx
RA + RU: human life
?
Injury to living beings caused
soil, marble, gravel, plush, asphalt, wood, by electric shock due to touch
concrete ceramics carpets linoleum and step voltages inside the
0,01 0,001 0,000 1 0,000 01 structure and outside
End device
MDB
11
Risk components RB, RV
RB RV
12

DEHN SE + Co KG
Measures to reduce RB
Probability PB
RB: fire
Physical damage caused by

dangerous sparking inside
the structure triggering fire or
explosion which may also
LPS better than LPS I (0,01) LPS better than LPS I (0,001)
endanger the environment.
13
Measures to reduce RB and RV

Reduction factor rp
RB + RV: fire

One of the following measures:
the effects of lighting currents
• fire extinguisher including sparking.
• fixed manually operated extinguishing installations
• manual alarm installations
• hydrants
• fire compartments
• escape routes End device
MDB
14

DEHN SE + Co KG
Measures to reduce RB and RV

Reduction factor rp
RB + RV: fire

the effects of lighting currents
One of the following measures: including including sparking.
sparking.
• fixed automatically operated extinguishing
installations
• automatic alarm installations (only if protected
against overvoltages or other damage and if End device
firemen can arrive in less than 10 min.)

MDB
15
Risk components RU, RV
RU RV
16

DEHN SE + Co KG
Measures to reduce RU and RV

Probability PEB
RU + RV: human life, fire
End device
MDB
Injury to living due to touch

voltage inside the structure
Physical damage (fire or
Type 1 lightning current arrester
explosion) due to lightning
Power supply systems Information technology systems
current transmitted through or
along incoming lines.
End device
MDB
17
Lightning equipotential bonding

for incoming lines
MEB external
LPS
utility (e. g. TN-C)
telecommunication / DSL
broadband cable network
water
gas
heating system
cathodically protected tank pipe
foundation earth electrode

LPS: lightning protection system; M: meter; MEB: main earthing bar
18

DEHN SE + Co KG
Maximum values of lightning parameters according to LPL (Lightning Protection Level)
First positiv impulse Lightning Protection Level LPL

I II III-IV
Peak current (kA) 200 150 100

Specific energy W/R (MJ/Ω) 10 5,6 2,5
Charge Qshort (C) 100 75 50
Time parametesr T1/T2 (µs/µs) 10/350
19
Assumed lightning current distribution
100%
external lightning
protection system
information technology system

MEB
low voltage supply system
50%
metal pipelines
Earth termination system 50%

MEB = main earthing bar
20
10

DEHN SE + Co KG
Assumed lightning current distribution
S1 Source of damage
Direct lightning External lightning
strike to a structure protection system
SPD 100 %
SPD
SPD
Middle voltage Low voltage
cable cable 50 %
50 %
12,5 % Earthing system of
Earthing of the
the structure
Transformer
21
Overvoltage categories according to IEC 60364-5-53

Use of surge protective devices
rated impulse
withstand voltage
6 kV
4 kV 2.5 kV appliances
voltage protection level  1.5 kV 1.5 kV sensitive devices
terminal
SEB M SDB
device
230/400 V
arrester type 1 type 2 type 3 type 3
SEB: service entrance box; M: meter; SDB: sub-distribution board
22
11

DEHN SE + Co KG
SPD selection based on the Lightning Protection Zone concept, Devices for profilbar
control terminal
field level
cabinet device
LPZ 0A LPZ 0B LPZ 1 LPZ 2 LPZ 3
Combi-arrester
DEHNconnect
BLITZDUCTOR® XT - Typ BE / BD SD2 Typ E
Lightning current arrester
BLITZDUCTOR® XT - Typ B
Surge Protection Device

DEHNconnect
DEHNconnect SD 2 – Typ ME / MD
SD2 Typ E
23
SPD selection based on the Lightning Protection Zone concept, SPDs for LSA technics
control terminal
field level
cabinet device

DEHNrapid
DEHNrapid DRL
DRL 10
10 B
B
DEHNrapid DRL - Typ R
24
12

DEHN SE + Co KG
Risk components RC, RM
RC RM
25
Risk components RC, RM

Sources S1, S2
S1 Lightning strike to the

external lightning
protection system, Process
building (industrie
buildings), etc.
S1
S2 Lightning strike near the
structure
S2
Lightning equipotential bonding Low voltage supply system external lightning

Lightning current arrester Information technology system protection
26
13

DEHN SE + Co KG
Measures to reduce RC and RM

Factor KS3, type of internal wiring
RC + RM: overvoltage (LEMP)
Failure of internal systems as a

result of LEMP.
1 Loop conductors with different routing in large buildings
(loop area in the order of 50 m2) Electromagnetic effects of
0.2 Loop conductors routed in the same conduit or loop lightning currents..
conductors with different routing in small buildings
(loop area in the order of 10 m2)
0.01 Loop conductors routed in the same cable End device
(loop area in the order of 0.5 m2)
0.0001 Shields and the metal conduits bonded to an equipotential
bonding bar at both ends and equipment is connected to
the same bonding bar
27
Measures to reduce RC and RM

Building/spacial shield, factor KS1, KS2
RC + RM: overvoltage (LEMP)
Failure of internal systems as a

result of LEMP.
Electromagnetic effects of
lightning currents.
End device
28
14

DEHN SE + Co KG
Risk components
RU RV
RW RZ
29
Measures to reduce RU, RV, RW and RZ

Probability PLD
RU, RV, RW, RZ: human beeing,

fire, overvoltage,
End device
MDB
Shielded cable Shield resistance End device End device
Earth cable MDB MDB
(Example NYCWY 4x10 RE / 10) 1,79 W/km

Earth cable End device
(Example NYCWY 4x10 SM / 0,72 W/km MDB
25)
30
15

DEHN SE + Co KG
Inductive coupling
(indirect lightning strike, switching)
Induction Induction Induction-

loop loop loop
Shield earthing
Shield earthing on both sides,
No shield, on one side, reduced
big coupling area Big coupling area coupling area
31
Risk components
RC RM
RW RZ
32
16

DEHN SE + Co KG
Measures to reduce RC, RM, RW and RZ

Probability PSPD
RC, RM, RW, RZ = overvoltage

(LEMP)
End device
Type 1, type 2 and type 3 lightning current arrester

Power supply systems Information technology systems
DEHNguard M TNS DEHNlink
End device
MEB
End device
DEHNflex
MEB
DEHNsafe DEHNpatch
33
SPD selection based on the Lightning Protection Zone concept, Devices for profilbar
control terminal
field level
cabinet device
Combi-arrester
DEHNconnect
BLITZDUCTOR® XT - Typ BE / BD SD2 Typ E
BLITZDUCTOR® XT - Typ B

DEHNconnect
DEHNconnect SD 2 – Typ ME / MD
SD2 Typ E
34
17

DEHN SE + Co KG
SPD selection based on the Lightning Protection Zone concept, SPDs for LSA technics
control terminal
field level
cabinet device

DEHNrapid
DEHNrapid DRL
DRL 10
10 B
B
DEHNrapid DRL - Typ R
35
Overvoltage categories according to IEC 60364-5-53

Use of surge protective devices
rated impulse
withstand voltage
6 kV
4 kV 2.5 kV appliances
voltage protection level  1.5 kV 1.5 kV sensitive devices
terminal
SEB M SDB
device
230/400 V
arrester type 1 type 2 type 3 type 3
SEB: service entrance box; M: meter; SDB: sub-distribution board
36
18

DEHN SE + Co KG
Coordinated SPD, Type 2

Main Catalogue (UE)
37
Factors influencing/reducing the risk components in a structure
Characteristics of structure RA RB RC RM RU RV RW RZ
or of internals systems
Protection measures
Collection area X X X X X X X X
Surface soil resistivity X
Floor resistivity X X
Physical restrictions, X X
insulation, warning notice,
soil equipotentialization
LPS X X X Xa Xb Xb
Bonding SPD X X X X
Isolating interfaces Xc Xc X X X X
a Only for grid-like external LPS.
b Due to equipotential bonding.
c Only if they belong to equipment.
Lit.: DIN EN 62305-2 (VDE 0185-305-2):2013-02; Tabelle 3
38
19

DEHN SE + Co KG
Factors influencing/reducing the risk components in a structure
Characteristics of structure RA RB RC RM RU RV RW RZ
or of internals systems
Protection measures
Coordinated SPD system X X X X
Spacial shield X X
Shielding external lines X X X X
Shielding internal lines X X
Routing precautions X X
Bonding network X
Fire precautions X X
Fire sensitivity X X
Special hazard X X
Impulse withstand voltage X X X X X X
39
Reduced risk > tolerable risk
R > RT
What should I do if
the risk cannot be reduced to a tolerable level?
40
40
20

DEHN SE + Co KG
5.4 Specific procedure to evaluate the need of

protection
5.4 Specific procedure to evaluate the need of protection
Note 1 In cases where the risk cannot be reduced to a tolerable level, the site owner
should be informed, and the highest level of protection provided to the installation.
41
41
21

DEHN SE + Co KG
Air-Termination System

DEHN SE + Co KG
IEC 62305-3:2010
5. External lightning protection system

5.2 Air-termination systems
5.2.2 Positioning
Air-termination components installed on a structure shall be located at corners, exposed points and
edges (especially on the upper level of any facades) in accordance with one or more of the following
methods.
Acceptable methods to be used in determining the position of the air-termination system include:
– the protection angle method;
– the rolling sphere method;
– the mesh method.
The rolling sphere method is suitable in all cases.
The protection angle method is suitable for simple-shaped buildings but it is subject to limits of air-
termination height indicated in Table 2.
The mesh method is a suitable form of protection where plane surfaces are to be protected.
3 © DEHN / protected by ISO 16016
Lightning protection zone concept – Determination of the risk potential using the
rolling sphere method

DEHN SE + Co KG
Lightning protection zone concept

Rolling sphere method
Rolling sphere radius, protection angle, mesh size and typical preferred distances
between down conductors
Class Protection method Typical

of distances
LPS Rolling (m)
sphere Mesh
radius Protection angle size
r (m) a (°) w (m)
α° 80
I 20 70 5x5 10
60
50
II 30 10 x 10 10
40
30
III 45 20
LPS I II III IV 15 x 15 15
10
0
0 2 10 20 30 40 50 60
IV 60 H (m) 20 x 20 20
Ref.: IEC 62305-3:2010, 5.2.2 + Table 2 + Figure 1, 5.3.3 + Table 4

DEHN SE + Co KG
Down-conductor System
IEC 62305-3:2010
5.3 Down-conductor systems

5.3.1 General
In order to reduce the probability of damage due to lightning current flowing in the LPS, the down-
conductors shall be arranged in such a way that from the point of strike to earth:
a) several parallel current paths exist;

b) the length of the current paths is kept to a minimum;
c) equipotential bonding to conducting parts of the structure is performed according to
the requirements of 6.2.
NOTE 1 Lateral connection of down-conductors is considered to be good practice.

The geometry of the down-conductors and of the ring conductors affects the separation distance (see
6.3).

DEHN SE + Co KG
IEC 62305-3:2010

5.3.1 General
NOTE 2 The installation of as many down-conductors as possible, at equal spacing around the
perimeter interconnected by ring conductors, reduces the probability of dangerous sparking and
facilitates the protection of internal installations (see IEC 62305-4). This condition is fulfilled in metal
framework structures and in reinforced concrete structures in which the interconnected steel is
electrically continuous.
Typical values of the preferred distance between down-conductors are given in Table 4.
IEC 62305-3:2010

5.3.3 Positioning for a non-isolated LPS
For each non-isolated LPS the number of down-conductors shall be not less than two and should be
distributed around the perimeter of the structure to be protected, subject to architectural and practical
constraints.
An equal spacing of the down-conductors is preferred around the perimeter. Typical preferred values
of the distance between down-conductors are given in Table 4.
NOTE The value of the distance between down-conductors is correlated with the separation distance
given in 6.3.
10

DEHN SE + Co KG
Down-conductor systems
Typical preferred distances according to table 4
Class of LPS Typical distances

[m] DEHN recommends:
I 10 Typical distance
between down
II 10
conductors ≤ 10 m
III 15 on administration and
IV 20 industrial buildings
Ref.: IEC 62305-3:2010, Table 4
11
Earthing
12

DEHN SE + Co KG
IEC 62305-3:2010
5.4 Earth-termination system

5.4.1 General
When dealing with the dispersion of the lightning current (high frequency behaviour) into the ground,
whilst minimizing any potentially dangerous overvoltages, the shape and dimensions of the earth-
termination system are the important criteria. In general, a low earthing resistance (if possible lower
than 10 Ω when measured at low frequency) is recommended.
From the viewpoint of lightning protection, a single integrated structure earth-termination system is
preferable and is suitable for all purposes
(i. e. lightning protection, power systems and telecommunication systems).
Earth-termination shall be bonded in accordance with the requirements of 6.2.
13
IEC 62305-3:2010
5.4.2 Earthing arrangement in general conditions

5.4.2.1 Type A arrangement
This type of arrangement comprises horizontal or vertical earth electrodes installed outside the
structure to be protected connected to each down-conductor or foundation earth electrodes not
forming a closed loop.
In type A arrangements, the total number of earth electrodes shall be not less than two.
The minimum length of each earth electrode at the base of each down-conductor is
– l1 for horizontal electrodes, or
– 0.5 l1 for vertical (or inclined) electrodes,
where l1 is the minimum length of horizontal electrodes shown in the relevant part of Figure 3.
For combined (vertical or horizontal) electrodes, the total length shall be considered.
14

DEHN SE + Co KG
IEC 62305-3:2010
5.4.2 Earthing arrangement in general conditions

5.4.2.1 Type A arrangement
The minimum lengths stated in Figure 3 may be disregarded provided that an earthing resistance of
the earth-termination system less than 10 Ω (measured at a frequency different from the power
frequency and its multiple in order to avoid interference) is achieved.
NOTE 1 When the above-mentioned requirements cannot be met, a type B earth arrangement shall be
used.
NOTE 2 Reduction of earthing resistance by the extension of earth electrodes is practically convenient
up to 60 m. In soil with resistivity higher than 3 000 Ωm, the use of type B earth electrodes or earthing
enhancing compounds is recommended.
15
Earth electrode arrangements

according to IEC 62305-3:2010
horizontal (radial) earth electrode per vertical earth electrode (earth rod) per
down conductor down conductor
at least 0.5 m
type A 0.5 m
at least
at least 5 m 1m at least 3 m
9 m recommended
ring earth electrode (at least 80% in soil) foundation earth electrode (DIN 18014)
type B
connector connector
16

DEHN SE + Co KG
Minimum length of each earth electrode

according to the class of LPS
80
70
l1 [m]
60
class I
50
40
30
class II
20
10 class III + IV
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
 [Ωm]
Note: Classes III and IV are independent of soil resistivity 

Ref.: IEC 62305-3:2010, 5.4.2.1 Figure 3
17
Type A earth electrode,

horizontal (radial) earth electrode
Per down conductor (at least two),

one horizontal (radial) earth
air-termination electrode with a length of 5 m should
conductor be buried at a depth of at least 0.5 m.
The necessary equipotential bonding

for all earth electrodes should be
achieved by equipotential bonding
conductors.
(summary from IEC 62305-3:2010,
test joint 5.4.2.1, 5.4.3, E.5.4.2.1, E.5.4.3.3)
at least
0.5 m
at least 5 m
horizontal earth electrode
18

DEHN SE + Co KG
Type A earth electrode,

vertical earth electrode (earth rod)
The top end of an earth

electrode must be buried at
air-termination a depth of at least 0.5 m.
conductor
The embedded depth …
shall be such as to minimize
the effects of corrosion, soil
drying and freezing …
Hence, for every vertical

test joint earth electrode, 0.5 m
should be added to the
value of length l1,…
IEC 62305-3:2010,
0.5 m subsection 5.4.3 + NOTE 2
approx. at least l1 2.5 m Earth electrodes with a

1m + 0.5 m length of 9 m have proven
= 3.0 m to be advantageous.
VDE 0185-305-3 supplement 1:2012-10,
vertical earth electrode 9 m recommended 5.4.2.1
19
Ready-to-connect
vertical earth electrode (earth rod)
20
10

DEHN SE + Co KG
Installation example: Type A earth electrode

Vertical earth electrode (earth rod) and connections
Points with an increased risk of

corrosion such as components
entering concrete or the soil must
be corrosion-resistant. A suitable
coating is applied to the
connection points in the soil to MAXI MV clamp
protect them against corrosion. Part No. 308 041
anti-corrosion tape
Part No. 556 125
Ref.: DIN EN 62305-3 suppl. 1 (VDE 0185-

305-3 suppl. 1):2012-10
21
List of recommended vibration hammers
see DEHN Lightning

Protection / Earthing
main catalogue
* Hexagon SW 32x160 Part No. 625

007/S Id. No. 46399 (special design
on request)
Note: DEHN installation instructions
No. 1014 for earth rods have to be
observed!
22
11

DEHN SE + Co KG
Foundation Earthing
System
23
DIN 18014:2014-03
24
12

DEHN SE + Co KG
MSZ 18014:2019
25
Terms and definitions
Foundation earth electrode

consists of one or several conductors embedded in concrete
which are in contact with earth over a large area.
Ring earth electrode
earth electrode that forms a closed ring around the structure
underneath or on the surface of the earth.
Earth rod
is an earth electrode that generally extends vertically into the
earth at great depths. It can consist of round material or material
with another profile, for example.
Earthing conductor
is a conductor which connects a system part to be earthed to
an earth electrode and which is installed above the ground or
insulated in the ground.
26
13

DEHN SE + Co KG
Foundation earth electrodes acc. to DIN/MSZ 18014 with

connections to the external LPS, type B earth electrode
1 Foundation earth electrode

▪ Round steel (10 mm)
▪ Strip steel (30 x 3.5 mm)
▪ Closed loop
▪ To be connected to the reinforcement at
1 intervals ≤ 5 m (welding, pressing, clamping)
▪ Concrete covering of at least 5 cm
2 Connector
▪ Terminal lugs, at least 1.5 m long, easily
identifiable
▪ Fixed earthing terminal
2 ▪ Round steel (10 mm), StSt (V4A),
material No. AISI/ASTM 316 Ti or equivalent
NOTE: ▪ Galvanised round steel (10 mm) with PVC
Higher earth electrode cross- sheath
sections may be required for ▪ Galvanised strip steel (30 x 3.5 mm) with PVC
buildings with integrated sheath
transformer station! ▪ Copper cable NYY, at least 50 mm2
▪ Copper cable, stranded, at least 50 mm2
27
Easily identifiable terminal lug

Protective cap (Part No. 478 099)
28
14

DEHN SE + Co KG
Connections for foundation earth electrodes
1 Connecting clamp for

reinforcements
Part No. 308 031
29
Connections for foundation earth electrodes
Connecting clamp for

reinforcements
Part No. Art.-Nr. 308 132
30
15

DEHN SE + Co KG
Fixed earthing terminal of type K

Installation example: Bridging of an expansion joint
fixed earthing
terminal
Part No. 478 200
bridging braid ≥ 50 mm²

Al, Part No. 377 115 or
Cu, Part No. 377 107
31
Foundation earth electrode according to DIN/MSZ 18014

Mesh size of max. 20 x 20 m
terminal lugs for external LPS
recommendation:
approx. several terminal lugs
20 m e. g. in every equipment
room additional connecting line
for intermeshing 20 x 20 m
approx. 40 m
32
16

DEHN SE + Co KG
Foundation earth electrode according to DIN/MSZ 18014

Mesh size of max. 20 x 20 m
33
Foundation with perimeter insulation

on the exterior of the foundation wall
34
17

DEHN SE + Co KG
Arrangement of a foundation earth electrode acc. to DIN 18014, sealed foundation

slab
1 concrete 1 Terminal lug for LPS
soil 2 Foundation earth electrode

mesh size ≤ 20 x 20 m
6
perimeter / 3 Cross unit
base insulation 5
foundation slab
reinforcement 4 Connecting
MEB
foil clamp
connection
3 4 2 at intervals of 2 m
sealing tape
5 Fixed earthing terminal
for MEB
6 MV clamp
MEB: Main Earthing Busbar blinding layer
35
Foundation earth electrode according to DIN/MSZ 18014 Mesh size of max. 20 x 20 m
Foundation earth electrode can be installed in a strip foundation or in a baseplate.
Row house One family house
1- Foundation earth electrode

2- Terminal lug
36
18

DEHN SE + Co KG
Pad foundation / point foundation –

Lenght of the foundation earth electrode is min. 2,5 m
Point foundation with steel support (drawing) Point foundation with reinforced concrete support (picture)
Lenght of the founda-

tion electrode min. 2,5m
Connection to
Reinforce- the next point
ment foundation
Connecting clamp to
reinforcement
Connecting clamp to
strip steel
Connection to steel support
Fundamenterder
Connecting clamp to
strip steel
Connecting clamp to
reinforcement
37
19

DEHN SE + Co KG
Foundation Earthing
System
according to the German DIN 18014 (MSZ 18014)
standard in case of an increased earth resistance
and an external lightning protection system as per
EN 62305

DEHN SE + Co KG
DIN/MSZ 18014
(translation)
5.7 Foundations with increased earth resistance

5.7.1 General
If the earth electrode in the foundation does not contact the earth as required, e. g. due to:
− waterproof concrete as per E DIN EN 206 and DIN 1045-2 (white tank);
− bitumen sealing (black tank) e. g. bituminous sheeting, plastic-modified bitumen thick coating;
− impact-resistant plastic sheeting;
− thermal insulation (perimeter insulation) on the lower side and side walls of the foundations;
− additional capillary-breaking and poorly conducting floor layers e. g. made of recycled
material;
a ring earth electrode shall be installed.
German/Hungarian standard
Bitumen sealing

DEHN SE + Co KG
Impact-resistant plastic sheeting - Dörken Plates
Arrangement of a ring earth electrode acc. to DIN/MSZ 18014, full perimeter insulation
1 concrete 1 Terminal lug for LPS

e. g. StSt (V4A)
2 Ring earth electrode
corrosion-resistant
e. g. StSt (V4A),
soil mesh size ≤ 10 x 10 m
7
6 3 Equipotential bonding
conductor
foundation slab mesh size ≤ 20 x 20 m
perimeter / reinforcement
base insulation 4 SV terminal
MEB
5 3 5 5 Connecting clamp
connection at
sealing tape
intervals of 2/5 m
4
6 Fixed earthing
terminal
2
MEB: Main Earthing Busbar
blinding layer
7 MV clamp

DEHN SE + Co KG
Ring earth electrode in case of perimeter insulation Installation in the blinding layer
ring earth electrode

material: StSt (V4A)
mesh size of 10x10 m, if a
lightning protection systems
is installed
Ref.: Fritz Mauermann GmbH + Co. KG, Paderborn
Arrangement of an earth electrode acc. to DIN/MSZ 18014 in case of a “white tank”

made of waterproof concrete
waterproof 1 Terminal lug for LPS

1 concrete e. g. StSt (V4A)
corrosion-resistant
soil e. g. StSt (V4A),
highest ground 6 3 functional bonding
water level conductor
reinforcement
MEB 4 Cross unit
5 3 5
5 Connecting clamp
sealing tape connection at
intervals of 2/5 m
6 Wall bushing
pressure-water
4 2 blinding layer
-tight
MEB: Main Earthing Busbar

DEHN SE + Co KG
Waterproof wall bushing for a white tank
Technical data Waterproof wall bushing

Plate material StSt (V4A)
Axle material St/tZn
Connecting plate  80 mm
Terminal thread M10 / 12
Wall thickness Part No.

200-300 mm 478 530
300-400 mm 478 540
400-500 mm 478 550 water barrier
(PVC) connection
▪ Pressure-water-tight wall bushing, component (St/tZn)
outer wall surface for Rd or Fl
e. g. for connecting the ring earth (compressed axle) conductors
electrode to the functional
equipotential bonding conductor
“White tank” made of waterproof concrete

Retrofitting of a wall bushing
waterproof 1 Terminal lug for LPS

1 concrete StSt (V4A)
soil corrosion-resistant
StSt (V4A),
highest ground 6 3 functional bonding
water level conductor
reinforcement 4 Cross unit
MEB
5 3 5 5 Connecting clamp
connection at
sealing tape intervals of 2/5 m
6 Wall bushing
pressure-water-tight,
4 2 blinding layer retrofitting by
MEB: Main Earthing Busbar drilling a borehole
10

DEHN SE + Co KG
Wall bushing for earth electrodes
Wall thickness Part No. wall bushing for earth electrodes

100-300 mm 478 410
300-500 mm 478 430
500-700 mm 478 450
▪ Pressure-water-tight bushing used to lead
earth/equipotential bonding conductors
through walls
▪ Pressure water tested up to 1 bar
(installation situations up to a depth of loose flange -
10 m) inner wall
▪ All components on the ground-facing side
are made of stainless steel (V4A)
▪ Suitable for retrofitting (borehole Ø 14 mm)
▪ Lock nuts allow installation inside the
structure (one installer) fixed flange -
▪ Ready to connect with MV clamp pressure water side
11
DIN/MSZ 18014: Earth-termination system in case of foundations with increased earth

contact resistance
Ring earth electrode

corrosion-resistant
StSt (V4A),
blinding layer
12

DEHN SE + Co KG

contact resistance
functional
ring earth electrode, mesh size bonding conductor,
-connection
10 m x 10 m with LPSmesh size ≤ 20 m x 20 m
to the
- 20 m x 20 m at
reinforcement without LPS
intervals of 2 m
13

contact resistance
ring earth electrode, pressure-water-tight

mesh size
- 10 m x 10 m with LPSwall bushing
- 20 m x 20 m without LPS
Connection of the ring earth

electrode to the functional
bonding conductor
▪ per down conductor of the
lightning protection system
or
▪ at intervals of 20 m /
circumference of the building
14

DEHN SE + Co KG

contact resistance
ring earth electrode, mesh size

main
- 10 mearthing busbar
x 10 m with LPS (MEB)
- 20 m x 20 m without LPS
15

contact resistance
ground surface
highest ground
water level
foundation
slab
pressure-
blinding water-tight
layer wall bushing
terminal lug
equipotential
connection to the connecting bonding ring earth electrode
reinforcement clamp conductor
16

DEHN SE + Co KG

contact resistance, Mesh size max. 10x10 m (according to MSZ EN 62305-3)
Equipotential bonding
conductor mesh in reinforced
More terminal lugs foundation slab
ca. 20 m
for example for all technical

rooms 20 x 20 m
Foundation earth electrode Terminal lug for

placed in earth beneath the external lightning
foundation slab, Material: StSt protection, Material
(V4A) mesh size: 10 x 10 m StSt (V4A) or St/tZn
according to MSZ EN 62305-3
with plastic sheath
ca. 40 m
St/tZn –hot dip galvanized steel StSt – stainless steel
17
DIN/MSZ 18014
(translation)
7 Documentation and continuity test

7.1 General
A documentation shall be drawn up (see 7.2) and the continuity measured (see 7.3) by an electrician or
a lightning protection specialist before the concrete is filled in.
7.2 Documentation
Documentation is required and shall comprise the following:
− Layout drawings of the foundation or ring earth electrode including the functional equipotential
bonding conductor;
− Expressive photos of the overall earth-termination system;
− Easily identifiable detailed pictures of connections e.g. with main earthing busbars, connection
components of the lightning protection system;
− Results of the continuity test (see 7.3).
Annex A (informative) includes an example of the documentation for the earth-termination system.
18

DEHN SE + Co KG
DIN/MSZ 18014
(translation)
7 Documentation and continuity test

7.3 Continuity test
The continuity test between the connection component for the main earthing busbar and all other
connection components using the instruments detailed in DIN EN 61557-4 (VDE 0413-4) shall have a
resistance ≤ 0.2 Ω (see 5.8 ). The continuity test shall be made prior to filling in the concrete.
NOTE
In accordance with DIN EN 61557-4 (VDE 0413-4), the current for the smallest measuring range is
0.2 A.
19
Continuity test when installing a foundation earth electrode according to the

DIN/MSZ 18014 standard
Continuity test in case of small buildings and one connection component

10.5 m
2m
Measurement diagonally
to the furthest point
12.5 m
2m
MEB
Ω Connection component for the

main earthing busbar
20
10

DEHN SE + Co KG
Continuity test when installing a foundation earth electrode according to the

DIN/MSZ 18014 standard
Continuity test in case of buildings with several connection components
EB
e. g. heating system
MEB
Connection component for e.g.

Ω the lightning protection system
21
Material, configuration and minimum dimensions of earth electrodes
Material Configuration Dimensions

Earth rod Earth Earth plate
 mm concuctor mm2 mm
Copper Stranded 50
Tin plated copper Solid round 15 50
Solid tape 50
Pipe 20
Solid plate 500 x 500
Lattice platec 600 x 600
Hot dipped Solid round 14 78
galvanized steel Pipe 25
Solid tape 90
Solid plate 500 x 500
Lattice platec 600 x 600
Profile d
Bare steelb Stranded 70

Solid round 78
Solid tape 75
Ref.: DIN EN 62305-3, Table 7
22
11

DEHN SE + Co KG
Material, configuration and minimum dimensions of earth electrodes
Material Configuration Dimensions

Earth rod Earth Earth plate
 mm conductor mm2 mm
Copper coated Solid round 14f 50
steel Solid tape 90
Stainless steel Solid round 15f 78
Solid tape 100
a Mechanical and electrical characteristics as well as corrosion resistance properties shall meet
the requirements of the future IEC 62561 series.
b Shall be embedded in concrete for a minimum depth of 50 mm.
c Lattice plate constructed with a minimum total length of the conductor of 4,8 m.
d Different profiles are permitted with a cross-section of 290 mm2 and a minimum thickness of
3 mm, e. g. cross profile.
e In case of a Type B arrangement foundation earthing system, the earth electrode shall be
correctly connected at least every 5 m with the reinforcement steel.
f In some countries the diameter may be reduced to 12,7 mm.
Ref.: DIN EN 62305-3, Table 7

23
Material Corrosion
24
12

DEHN SE + Co KG
IEC 62305-3:2010
E.5.6.2 Selection of materials

E.5.6.2.2 Protection against corrosion
The LPS should be constructed of corrosion-resistant materials such as copper, aluminium, stainless
steel and galvanized steel. The material of the air-termination rods and air- termination wires should
be electrochemically compatible with the material of the connection elements and the mounting
elements, and it should have a good corrosion resistance to a corrosive atmosphere or moisture.
Connections between different materials should be avoided; otherwise they are to be protected.
25
IEC 62305-3:2010
E.5.6.2 Selection of materials

E.5.6.2.2 Protection against corrosion
Copper parts should never be installed above galvanized or aluminium parts unless those parts are
provided with protection against corrosion.
Extremely fine particles are shed by copper parts which result in severe corrosive damage to
galvanized parts even where the copper and galvanized parts are not in direct contact.
Aluminium conductors should not be directly attached to calcareous building surfaces such as
concrete limestone and plaster, and should never be used in soil.
26
13

DEHN SE + Co KG
Corrosion of aluminium
in an alkaline environment
Left:
▪ Aluminium wire
( 8 mm)
▪ As good as new
Right:
▪ Aluminium wire
( 8 mm)
▪ 4 months after installation
(down conductor led
through the wall of a
church)
27
Material combinations (above ground installations)
28
14

DEHN SE + Co KG
Galvanic cell: Iron / copper
Two rods made of

different metals are
immersed into the
same electrolyte. A
voltage of a certain
magnitude is now
created on each rod
in the electrolyte.
In general, the more
negative pole
passes positive ions
to the electrolyte
and hence
becomes the anode
of the galvanic cell,
in other words it is
dissolved.
29
Concentration cell
In this case,
two electrodes made
of the same metal
immerse into
different
electrolytes. The
electrode in
electrolyte II with the
higher concentration
of metal ions
becomes electrically
more positive
than the other.
30
15

DEHN SE + Co KG
Concentration cell
Iron in the soil/Iron in concrete
electrode I electrode II
Fe Fe
- +
i
concrete
Soil
31
Concentration cell
Galvanised steel in the soil / steel (black) in concrete
St/tZn St
i
- +
concrete
Soil
32
16

DEHN SE + Co KG
Concentration cell
Galvanised steel in the soil / steel (black) in concrete
i
(St/tZn) (St)
(anode) (cathode)
i
approx. – 1.1 V approx. – 0.2 V
soil
concrete
33
Material combinations of earth-termination systems
The cell current density resulting from the

conductive combination of two different buried
metals leads to the corrosion of the metal
acting as anode (Table 5.5.7.4.1). This cell current
density basically depends on the ratio between the
size of the cathodic area AC and the size of the
anodic area AA .
The German “Corrosion behaviour of earth
electrode materials” research project has found
that, when selecting earth electrode materials
particularly regarding the combination of different
materials, a higher degree of corrosion only has to
be expected in case of the following area ratio:
When combined with buried steel installations, the earth electrode materials bare copper, tin-plated
copper and high-alloy stainless steel always behave as cathodes in (covering) soils.
34
17

DEHN SE + Co KG
Other anti-corrosion measures
Generally, bituminous coatings are not sufficient.
A moistureproof sheath, e.g. butyl rubber strips, heat-

shrinkable sleeves or preferably stainless steel,
provides protection.
Corrosion protection
35
Corrosion of galvanised strip steel

Terminal lugs without additional corrosion protection
36
18

DEHN SE + Co KG
Corrosion of galvanised strip steel

Terminal lugs without additional corrosion protection
37
Galvanised strip steel

Corrosion after 15 year in soil
Galvanised strip steel 30 x 3,5 mm, tZn

as part of an earth-termination system of
a transformer station
Area in Germany: KEVAG Koblenz
38
19

DEHN SE + Co KG
▪ Air-termination systems
▪ Connections
▪ Metal roofs
▪ Air-termination rods
▪ Down conductors

DEHN SE + Co KG
Lightning protection system for a pitched roof
Air-termination systems
Flat roof Pitched/Gable roof
▪ Pitched roof
▪ Flat roof
▪ Connections

DEHN SE + Co KG
Roof types
Roof types

DEHN SE + Co KG
Mounting dimensions of air-termination systems according to IEC 62305-3
Mounting dimensions for the air-

max. 1.0 m termination conductor and roof
0.15 m conductor holder on the sloped roof
of a building.
max. 1.0 m
* as close as possible
to the edge
Ref.: IEC 62305-3:2010, Figure E.22a
Ridge Tiles

DEHN SE + Co KG
Ridge Tiles
Roof conductor holders for ridge tiles

SPANNsnap
SPANNsnap light air-termination tip at least 0.15 m

Part No. 204 469 higher than the ridge conductor
10

DEHN SE + Co KG
Roof conductor holders for slot tiles
FLEXIsnap
Part No. 204 938 Part No. 204 171
UNIsnap UNIgrip
Part No. 204 924 Part No. 206 309
11
Connections for roof-mounted structures
Metallic roof-mounted Metallic roof-mounted Metallic roof-mounted

structures higher than structures larger than 1 m² structures longer than 2 m
0.3 m
Non-conductive roof-
mounted structures higher
than 0.5 m
Metal flush mounted roof fixtures not fulfilling these requirements and not being
within the requirements for the separation distance according to 6.3 should be
bonded to the air- termination system with at least one bonding conductor.
Ref.: IEC 62305-3:2010-12 Annex E.5.2.4.2.4
12

DEHN SE + Co KG
Air-termination system
Connection of the gutter
Gutter clamp
Part No. 339 060 Part No. 339 059
Part No. 339 100 Part No. 339 110
13
Clamps and connectors
MV clamp KS connector
▪ Multi-purpose connecting clamp for ▪ Single-part version, stainless steel

universal use ▪ Two-part version, spacing of 40 mm
▪ Consisting of two parts ▪ Heavy version
▪ Aluminium (DEHNalu)
▪ Copper
▪ Galvanised steel
▪ Stainless steel
▪ Stainless steel (V4A)
14

DEHN SE + Co KG
Air-termination system on a flat roof
Roof conductor holder

of type FB
Part No. 253 015
Roof conductor holder

of type FB 2
Part No. 253 050
Bridging braid
Part No. 377 115
Bridging braid
Part No. 377 015
15
Meshed network with air-termination rods
Ref.: Blitzschutzbau Wettingfeld, Krefeld
16

DEHN SE + Co KG
Expansion pieces for lightning protection systems

Examples of use
Material Surface underneath the air-termination Spacing between

Air-termination system or down conductor the expansion
system soft, hard, pieces
e. g. flat roof with e. g. pantiles
bitumen or or brickwork
plastic roof sheeting
Steel x  15 m
x  20 m
Stainless steel / x  10 m
Copper
x  15 m
Aluminium x x  10 m
NOTE: Expansion pieces are used if no other length compensation is provided.

Ref.: DIN EN 62305-3 supplement 1 (VDE 0185-305-3 supplement 1):2012-10, Table 101
17
Air-termination system - Expansion compensation by means of a bridging braid

(50 mm2)
2 x Part No. 377 115 1 x Part No. 377 015

4 x Part No. 301 009 2 x Part No. 301 009
18

DEHN SE + Co KG
Plastic roof sheeting (waterproofing layer)
19
Air-termination system on a flat roof

with plastic roof sheetings
Single conductor holder

of type KF
Part No. 253 030
~90 ~300
Double conductor
holder of type KF2
Part No. 253 051
~70 ~300
20
10

DEHN SE + Co KG
Air-termination system on the metal capping of a roof parapet - Installation of a saddle

clamp
saddle clamp with increased

contact surface of 10 cm²
Part No. 365 229
21
Parapet walls on the roof
A parapet is a barrier which is an extension of the wall at the edge of

a roof, terrace, balcony, walkway or other structure. The word comes ultimately from
the Italian parapetto (parare "to cover/defend" and petto "breast").
Where extending above a roof, a parapet may simply be the portion of an exterior wall that
continues above the edge line of the roof surface, or may be a continuation of a vertical feature
beneath the roof such as a fire wall or party wall.
Parapets were originally used to defend buildings from military attack, but today they are primarily
used as guard rails and to prevent the spread of fires. In the Bible the Hebrews are obligated to build
a parapet on the roof of their houses to prevent people falling.
22
22
11

DEHN SE + Co KG
Parapet walls on the roof - originally used to defend buildings from military attack
23
Parapet walls on the roof
24
12

DEHN SE + Co KG
Connections by riveting/screwing
Access to metal sheet from one side only
rivets tapping screws
2 blind rivets
5 blind rivets (Ø 6 mm)
(Ø 3.5 mm)
4 blind rivets 2 self-tapping screws
(Ø 5 mm) (Ø 6.3 mm, StSt (V2A))
sheet thickness ≥ 2 mm
bridging braid bridging bracket terminal lug
e. g. Part No. 377 015 e. g. Part No. 377 006 e. g. Part No. 377 100
Ref.: DIN EN 62305-3 supplement 1 (VDE 0185-305-3 supplement 1):2012-10, Figure 107
25
Example of damage: Metal sheet
Evaluation: BLIDS (Siemens)

Neumarkt i.d.OPf., 07/07/2001, 17:34 Uhr
I = 20400 A
26
13

DEHN SE + Co KG
Minimum thickness of metal sheets or metal pipes in air-termination systems
Class of LPS Material Thicknessa t Thicknessb t`

mm mm
Lead - 2.0
Steel (stainless, galvanised) 4 0.5
Titanium 4 0.5
I to IV
Copper 5 0.5
Aluminium 7 0.65
Zinc - 0.7
a t prevents puncture, hot spot and ignition
b t` only for metal sheets if it is not important to prevent puncture, hot spot or ignition
problems.
Ref.: IEC 62305-3:2010, Table 3
27
Metal roof with additional air-termination system

Protection against puncture
Distance Height of the air-

rolling sphere with radius (r)
between cables termination tip*
depending on the class of LPS
3m 0.15 m
r
4m 0.25 m
5m 0.35 m
r 6m 0.45 m
*recommended values suitable
for all classes of LPS
air-termination system
conductively connected to
the metal roof
Ref.: IEC 62305-3:2010, Figure E.26
28
14

DEHN SE + Co KG
Aluminium roof
Air-termination system with air-termination tips
air-termination tip height of 0.35 m

(5 x 5 m)
29
Air-termination system on a metal roof (aluminium)
loose conductor routing
bridging braid
Part No. 377 015
KS connector
Part No. 301 009 conductor holder
Part No. 223 011
bridging cable
Part No. 377 310
30
15

DEHN SE + Co KG
Protection of parapet walls on the roof against puncture
31
Lightning
Protection
▪ Connections
▪ Metal roofs
▪ Down conductors
32
16

DEHN SE + Co KG
Self-supporting air-termination rods
Self-supporting air-termination rod
▪ Tripod for protecting roof-mounted structures

2.5 m 4.0 m 6.0 m
▪ Adaptation to the roof pitch
3.0 m 4.5 m 6.5 m
up to max. 10°
3.5 m 5.0 m 7.0 m
▪ For wind load zone II + III 5.5 m 7.5 m
▪ Heights from 2.5 m to 14 m 8.0 m
8.5 m
33
Telescopic Lightning Protection masts with screw-in foundation
Telescopic lightning protection mast
▪ Protection against direct lightning strikes

▪ For special systems, such as
▪ Biogas plants
▪ Ground-mounted PV systems
▪ Installed in a screw-in foundation
▪ No excavation or foundation work required
▪ Heights from 6 m to 11 m
34
17

DEHN SE + Co KG
Air-termination rods arranged in parallel
radius of the
rolling sphere
air-termination rod
with concrete base
support plate
Ref.: Blitzschutzbau Wettingfeld, Krefeld
35
Calculation of the penetration depth p acc. to the rolling sphere

method in case of several air-termination rods
Class of LPS
I II III IV
r 20 30 45 60
radius of the d ²

rolling sphere r p=r- r² -  —
2
p
p: penetration depth
d: diagonal distance between
the air-termination rods in
metres
r: rolling sphere radius in
domelight metres
installed on the roof Sample calculation, see brochure
“Reliable System Solutions for
Isolated Air-termination Sytems“
(DS 151)
36
18

DEHN SE + Co KG
▪ Connections
▪ Metal roofs
▪ Down conductors
37
Conductors for Lightning Protection and Earthing
Wire Strip Cable
▪ Galvanised steel
▪ Stainless steel
▪ Aluminium (DEHNalu) ▪ Copper ▪ Galvanised steel
▪ Aluminium with plastic ▪ Stainless steel (V4A)
sheath ▪ Copper
▪ Copper ▪ Tin-plated copper
▪ Galvanised steel ▪ Aluminium
▪ Steel with plastic sheath ▪ Angled terminal lug
▪ Stainless steel
▪ Copper-plated
aluminium (DEHNcupal)
38
38
19

DEHN SE + Co KG
DEHNcupal wire
▪ Aboveground installation as
air-termination and down conductor or
equipotential bonding
▪ Compound material Al/Cu
▪ Corrosion-resistant connection between Cu
and Al
▪ Lower weight compared to copper
▪ Lower price fluctuations compared to pure
copper
▪ Soft-twistable or can be straightened by
means of wire straighteners
39
Down conductor
installed at a wall and at a downpipe
conductor holder
DEHNhold
Part No. 274 117
base
Part No. 276 017
conductor holder
of type PS
Part No. 200 057
disconnecting
sleeve
Part No. 450 007
40
20

DEHN SE + Co KG
DEHN conductor holders
DEHNsnap DEHNgrip
installation height: installation height:

16 mm 20 mm
installation height: installation height:

36 mm 32 mm
plastic base with soft

edges for
DEHNhold/DEHNgrip
41
DEHN conductor holders
twin-screw cleat DEHNhold
installation height: 20 mm installation height: 20 mm

M8 female thread M8 female thread
installation height: 32 mm
cleat for round wires with

PVC sheath
42
21

DEHN SE + Co KG
External lightning protection system

Down-conductor systems
▪ Down-conductors shall be installed

straight and vertical such that they
provide the shortest and most direct
path to earth.
▪ It is recommended that the down-
conductors be positioned such that a
separation distance in accordance with
6.3 is provided between them and any
doors and windows. (IEC 62305-3:2010, 5.3.4)
▪ A metallic rain-pipe which satisfies the
conditions for natural down-
conductors according to 5.3.5 may be
used as a down-conductor.
(IEC 62305-3:2010, E.5.3.5)
▪ Connections shall be made secure by

such means as brazing, welding,
clamping, crimping, seaming, screwing
or bolting. (IEC 62305-3:2010, 5.5.3)
43
Earthing of metallic downpipes
The base of metallic downpipes, each steel column of

a steel hall construction and metallic facades are
connected to the equipotential bonding or earth-
termination system even if they are not used as a Part No.
420 100 +
down conductor.
Part No. 301 000
480 005
Part No.
450 001
Ref.: DIN EN 62305-3 (VDE 0185-305-3):2011-10, suppl. 1:2012-10, 5.3.4
44
22

DEHN SE + Co KG
Mounting dimensions of down conductors
down conductor down

conductor
Note: 0.3 m
A greater distance
must be kept if the
structure is
thermally insulated! 1.5 m
 0.3 m
0.05 m
0.5 m
1.0 m
earth-termination system
Ref.: IEC 62305-3:2010; Figure E.22
45
Installation of down conductors

Test joints
At the connection of the earth-termination, a test joint should be fitted

on each down-conductor, except in the case of natural down-conductors
combined with foundation earth electrodes.
flush-mounted
test joint box
test joint
Ref.: IEC 62305-3:2010, 5.3.6
46
23

DEHN SE + Co KG
Test joint box for external thermal insulation composite systems
47
Technical data Test joint box for thermal insulation

Material of box PC/SBS
Material of cover StSt
Dimensions 145 x 185 mm
Installation depht 90 – 320 mm
Type Part Nr.
Box with cover 476 050
Spacer 476 053
SET 476 055
▪ continuously adjustable from 90-140 mm
▪ for proper integration in external thermal
insulation composite systems
▪ When using test joint boxes (telescoped
inner housing) with spacer, a mounting
height (thickness of the insulating
material) between 140 and 320 mm is
achieved
48
24

DEHN SE + Co KG

Proper integration in the external thermal insulation composite system
Proper integration in the external thermal

insulation composite system
After a lightning protection expert has mounted the test
joint box, a specialist company must properly integrate it
in the external thermal insulation composite system. To
this end, a compressed and re-expandable sealing tape
(swelling tape, water stop) can be attached to the plain
surface (red) in the upper area of the test joint box.
The specialist company is responsible for the proper
integration of the test joint box in the external
thermal insulation composite system.
49
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Formation of a lightning discharge

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Formation of a lightning discharge

Formation of a lightning discharge

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Formation of a lightning discharge

Formation of a lightning discharge

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Formation of a lightning discharge

Formation of a lightning discharge

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Formation of a lightning discharge

Formation of a lightning discharge

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Formation of a lightning discharge

Formation of a lightning discharge

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Formation of a lightning discharge

Formation of a lightning discharge

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Formation of a lightning discharge

Formation of a lightning discharge

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Formation of a lightning discharge

Formation of a lightning discharge

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Formation of a lightning discharge

Formation of a lightning discharge