Objectives

Students will be able to describe an object’s

position.
How to describe an object’s motion
Motion
Motion is the change of position. Motion is everywhere you look. Turning this
page is motion and the earth revolving around the sun is also motion. Any time
your position changes You are in motion.

Relative Motion
If you are standing by a road and a truck drive by at 30 miles per hour to you the
truck appears to be moving 30 miles per hour down the road. However if you
were in a car also driving 30 miles per hour next to the truck, the same truck
would not seem to move.
MOTION IS RELATIVE

It is always described in relation to a REFERENCE POINT

For example, Earth rotates more than 1,000 miles per hour at the equator but we
can not see or feel it spinning Why?
The reason is everything we see around us is rotating along with Earth. So, from
our reference point nothing is moving.

SPEED AND VOLOCITY’

Speed is the distance something travels in a certain amount of time

The speed formula can be defined as the rate at which an object covers some
distance. Speed can be measured as the distance traveled by a body in a given
period of time. The SI unit of speed is m/s
In SI units distance is measured in meters (m) time is measured in seconds )s) and
speed is therefore measured in Meters per Second (m/s)

When something is in motion it does not necessarily stay at the same speed the
entire time-it can change speeds and move faster or slower between its stopping
and starting points. If that is the case, we use Average Speed or the total distance
something has traveled divided by the total time it has traveled. Instantaneous
Speed is the speed at a certain given movement. For instance an Olympic sprinter
who runs the 100-meter dash in 10 seconds might seem like he would be going 10
m/s but that is just his average speed. Near the finish line he is probably going
much faster

Velocity
Velocity is like speed except that it includes direction. If you were jogging at 2
meters per second and all of a sudden you turned and jogged 2 meters per
second in the opposite direction your speed before and after would remain the
same, but your velocity would be different. You would be jogging 2 meters per
second first and negative 2 meters per second after turning around. The velocity
would be equal in magnitude but opposite in directions.

Velocity is speed in a certain direction. So a change in velocity means either a

change in direction or a change in speed.

Ex. When a dog turns a corner,

it will change velocity even if it keeps the same speed.

Acceleration
The rate at which velocity changes with times is called Acceleration.
Acceleration is whenever an object changes velocity it is accelerating Something
can accelerate by
A. Speeding Up
B. Slowing Down
C. Changing direction

Final and initial starting velocities are usually measured in Meters per Second
(m/s) and time is measured in seconds (s)
Acceleration is thus measured in units of meters per second squared.
(m/s2)
Because velocity takes direction into account so does acceleration. Therefore,
when your car goes around a corner (even if it keeps the same speed) you feel the
acceleration as a force that seems to push you toward the outside of the corner.

Acceleration is positive when it is in the same direction as the object’s motion and
positive acceleration means the object is speeding up.
Acceleration is negative when it is in the opposite direction of the object’s
motion, and it means the object is slowing down. Negative acceleration can also
be called deceleration.

1. What is the formula for speed?

2. A dolphin swims 56 meters in 8 seconds and a walrus swims 30 meters in 6

seconds. Which is faster the dolphin or the walrus?

3. Explain why motion is relative. Give an example.

4. What is required to know the velocity of an object

5. If you walk around a square block going at the same pace how many times does
your velocity change and how many times does your speed change?

6. If a truck driver is driving 30 kilometers per hour and he make a U-turn then
starts driving at 30 kilometers per hour in the opposite direction did the driver’s
speed or velocity change after changing direction Why

7. If a bee is flying in a circle at constant speed is the bee accelerating?

8. List the three ways something can accelerate

Lab How can you measure speed.

Objectives
How to calculate an object’s speed
How to describe an object’s velocity

Tape
Meter stick
Tennis Ball
Stopwatch or I Phone
1. Place a piece of tape on the floor. Measure at distance on the floor 2m away
from the tape. Make this distance with a second piece of tape.
2. Roll a tennis ball from one piece of tape to the other timing how long it takes
to travel the 2 m.
3. Roll the ball again so that it travels the same distance in less time. Then roll
the ball so that it takes more time to travel that distance than it did the first time.

Questions

1. How did you change the time it took the ball to travel 2 m?

2. How did change the time affect the motion of the ball?
One of the challenges during my "Survivor" unit is called "Gone with the Wind".
The students have to blow cups off a table as fast as they can using only the air in
a balloon, not as easy as it looks. The other teams get the kids laughing, and they
can hardly blow up the balloons.

References

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Answer Key

1.

2. Dolphin speed =56m=7 m/s

8S

Walrus Speed = 30m=5m/s

 6 Sec

The dolphin is faster.

3. Motion is relative because it is always decribe3d in relation to t reference

point. For example we do not see the earth’s rotation because everything
arounds us is mov9ing with it including us

4. The speed and the direction of motion

5. Your velocity changes four times because you are walking in a different
direction on each side of the block You are going at the same pace the entire time
so your speed does not change

6. The driver’s velocity changed because the diver changed directions. The
driver’s speed did not change.

7. Yes, the bee is accelerating. Because acceleration is the change in velocity per
unit of time and the bee is constantly changing direction the bee is also constantly
changing velocity and is therefore acceleration

Everything you need to ace Science in one big fat notebook Workman Publishing
Co. Inc. 2016 Workman Publishing Co. Inc. by Michael Greisen Page 12-17

Physical Science by James Trefill PhD McDougal Little 2006 Pages 313-322