IELTS READING (GENERAL TRAINING) Actual Tests With Answers TARGET SERIES Wl IELTSMaterial.comAA ELTsMaterial.com IELTS General Reading Test 1 Section 1 Instructions to follow You should spend 20 minutes on Questions 1-14 which are based on Reading Passage 1. Five reviews of the Wellington Hotel ‘A. My husband and | first stayed at Wellington a few years ago, and we've returned every year since then. When we arrive and check-in, we're always treated like old friends by the staff, so we very much feel at home. Our one ppointment during our last visit was that our room overlooked the car park, but that didn't spoil our stay. B. The hotel hardly seems to have changed in the last hundred years, and we prefer that to many modern hotels, which tend to look the same as each other. The Wellington has character! Our room was very comfortable and quite spacious. We can strongly recommend the breakfast, though we had to wait for a table as the hotel was so full. That was a bit annoying, and there was also nowhere to sit in the lounge. C.We made our reservation by phone without a problem, but when we arrived, the receptionist couldn't see it on the computer system. Luckily there was a room available. It wasn't quite what we would have chosen, but it was a pleasure to sit in it with a cup of tea and look out at the swimmers and surfers in the sea D. We'd be happy to stay at the Wellington again. Although there's nothing special about the rooms, the view from the lounge is lovely, and the restaurant staff were friendly and efficient. Breakfast was a highlight ~ there was so much on offer we could hardly decide what to eat. We'd stay another time just for that! E. The staff all did their jobs efficiently and were very helpful when we asked for information about the area. The only difficulty we had was making our reservation online ~ it wasn't I cssveteratcom ,‘AA leLTsMaterial.com clear whether payment for our deposit went through or not, and | had to call the hotel to find out. still, once we'd arrived, everything went very smoothly, and we had a delicious dinner in the restaurant. Questions 1-7 Instructions to follow Look at the five online reviews of the Wellington Hotel, A-E. + Which review mentions the following? + Write the correct letter, A-E, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet. NB: You may use any letter more than once. @ like the view from the bedroom window A B Cc D e @ finding the receptionists welcoming A B c D 1 @© being pleased with the bedroom A B c D E @ becoming confused when booking a room A B c D E © being impressed by the wide choice of food A B © D ©AA ELTsMaterial.com @ ‘staying in the hotel regularly A B c D 1 @ finding it inconvenient that the hotel was crowded A B © D © Come and play walking football or walking netball. Walking football and netball has become increasingly popular in recent years, but do you know you can take part in this area? The names make it clear what they are — two of the country's favourite sports where, instead of running, the players walk. It's as simple as that. Walking football was invented in the UK in 2011, but it was a 2014 TV commercial for a bank, showing it providing financial support to someone who wanted to set up a website for the game, that brought it to people's attention. Since then, tens of thousands of people — mostly, though not only, over the age of 50 — have started playing, and there are more than 800 walking football clubs. Both men and women play walking football, but at the moment the netball teams consist only of women. However, men are beginning to show an interest in playing. The two games are designed to help people to be active or get fit, whatever their age and level of fitness. In particular, they were invented to encourage older men and women to get more exercise and to give them a chance to meet other people. Regular physical activity helps to maintain energy, strength and flexibility. You can start gently and do a little more each session. The benefits include lower heart rate and blood pressure, greater mobility, less fat and more muscle. Many players have given up a sport ~ either through age or injury ~ and can now take it up again. They're great ways for people to enjoy a sport they used to play and love, and keep active at the same time, though people who have never played the standard game before are also very welcome.AA ELTsMaterial.com The local councils Active Lifestyles Team runs sessions at all the council's leisure centres. Come alone or with a friend, and enjoy a friendly game on Monday or Saturday afternoons, or Tuesday ‘or Thursday evenings. Each session costs £3 per person, and you don’t have to come regularly or at the same time each week. Our aim is to set up netball and football clubs as soon as there are enough regular players. Questions 8-14 Instructions to follow * Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? In boxes 8-14 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on t © waking football became well-known when a club featured in a TV program about the sport. © the majority of walking netball players are men. © Most clubs arrange social activities for their members, @ Players are tested regularly to measure changes in their fitness. @ People who have never played football are encouraged to play walking football. © People can take part in the Active Lifestyles Team’s sessions whenever they wish @ The Active Lifestyles Team intends to start clubs in the future.AA ELTsMaterial.com Section 2 Instructions to follow You should spend 20 minutes on Questions 15-27 which are based on Reading Passage 2. Dress regulations at work Your contract may state that you need to dress in a certain manner or wear a uniform. Your contract might also state that you need to dress ‘smartly’, rather than specifying any particular garments. As you might well have conflicting ideas of what counts as smart’, you should ask your employer for clarification. Many employers that have a strict dress code choose to provide clothing or a discount on clothing. However, this is not necessarily compulsory for the employer and is a factor you need to consider when taking a job. Protective clothing and equipment Your employer can tell you to put on protective clothing and equipment (such as gloves, a visor, boots, etc.). If you don’t, your employer is entitled to take disciplinary action, which can include excluding you from the workplace. You are required to: * Co-operate with your employer on health and safety * Correctly use work items provided by your employer, including protective equipment in accordance with instructions. * Donot interfere with or misuse anything provided for your health and safety or welfare Of course, any protective gear has to fit and be appropriate for the situation. It shouldn’t cause you pain. If it does, you should negotiate alternative equipment or arrangements. Don’t be put off. Sometimes employers can, out of caution, interpret health and safety rules unnecessarily rigidly. And of course, you shouldn’t be required to pay for any protective equipment or clothingAA ELTsMaterial.com that you need. However, if your employer buys the gear, they are entitled to keep it when you leave. The obligation to maintain protective clothing lies with the employer. The employer is also required to provide appropriate storage space to keep the protective equipment when it is not being used. And finally, the employer must provide the equipment and service free of charge to the employee. Jewellery Banning employees from wearing jewellery and loose clothing may be justified to prevent a potential hygiene hazard if you work in areas of food production or areas which need to be kept sterile, Likewise, your employer can judge that loose jewellery may constitute a snagging hazard if you ‘operate machinery. If you think restrictions are not justified by health and safety concerns, talk to your workplace union rep if you have one, as they may know of solutions to the problem which other employees have used before. Questions 15-20 Instructions to follow © Complete the sentences below. © Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer. ‘© Write your answers in boxes 15-20 on your answer sheet. Hf employees a" about what their company wishes them to wear for work, they should request ‘Some companies offer their employees a. wear for work. -. When they buy items toAA ELTsMaterial.com Employees who fail to wear protective clothing when required could be subject t0 Brun procedures. Employees ought not to be in... 2)... Because of protective clothing or equipment. Itis the company’s responsibilty to ensure that there isa suitable place for the .. protective equipment. Employees who work with certain types of 0. potential injuries. . may have to remove jewellery to avoid How to achieve a better work-life balance ‘As more and more employees work from home full time and everyone has 24/7 access to email, balancing work and family may not seem like an easily attainable goal. So how can you juggle the demands of both worlds? Below are some tips to help you get started It's easy to get sucked into habits that make us less efficient without realizing it — like keeping your social media page open at work, so you don't miss something ‘important’. Draw up a list with all the activities that don't enhance your life or career. Then minimize the time you spend on them. It's hard to say no’, especially to a supervisor or loved one, but sometimes that powerful little word is essential. Learn to use ‘no’ judiciously, and it will become a powerful tool in balancing work and family. Research shows that exercise helps you remain alert. Finding time to hit the gym may be hard, but it will ultimately help you get more things done because exercise boosts energy and improves your ability to concentrate. Study after study shows that significant sleep deprivation affects your health and well-being. Exposure to electronics can significantly negatively impact your sleep, so try to unplug an hour before you go to sleep. What would you do if you had a whole day to yourself with no demands on your time? While most people don't have the luxury of an entire day dedicated to relaxation, continually puttingAA ELTsMaterial.com off that downtime and putting everyone's needs before yours will wear you down. Pick a time to do something just for you. Even just a few minutes of 'me time’ a day will help to recharge your batteries. Don’t assume your family and manager are aware of your concerns. If you feel you have to adjust your schedule to discover a better work-life balance, then voice that requirement. If that means asking your boss for permission to leave a few minutes early once a week so you can hit that yoga class on the way home, do it. All new habits require time to build, so if you find yourself sneaking your smartphone to bed, that's okay. Leave your phone downstairs tomorrow night. Tiny steps are the key to finding that balance, so start small, and go from there. Most of all, know your limitations and what works best for you; then decide what matters, what advice you want to follow, and prioritize. Questions 21-27 Instructions to follow © Complete the notes below. © Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer. Write your answers in Boxes 21-27 on your answer sheet. Achieving a better work-life balance How to begin + Make a complete... them of things that are not helpful and reduce involvemen + Refuse some requests as this can be a useful ...@@2... in gaining a better workdife balance Things that can help + Regular exercise + Canincrease .... significantly‘AA leLTsMaterial.com + Sleep = insufficient sleep can make people ill = avoid focusing on ....Q) in the lead-up to bec Issues that require attention ® + Ifthe working day is too long, get... © Those who see other people's as more important than their own will suffer to shorten it occasionally + People should learn to recognize their own ...AA ELTsMaterial.com Section 3 Instructions to follow * You should spend 20 minutes on Questions 28-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 San Francisco’s Golden Gate Bridge ‘A. For several decades in the nineteenth century, there were calls to connect the rapidly growing metropolis of San Francisco to its neighbours across the mile-wide Golden Gate Strait, where San Francisco Bay opens onto the Pacific Ocean. Eventually, in 1919, officials asked the city engineer, Michael O'Shaughnessy, to explore the possibility of building a bridge. He began to consult engineers across the USA about the feasibility of doing so, and the cost. Most doubted whether a bridge could be built at all, or estimated that it would cost $100 million. However, a Chicago-based engineer named Joseph Strauss believed he could complete the project for a modest $25 to $30 million. After his proposal was accepted, Strauss set about convincing the communities on the northern end of the strait that the bridge would be to their benefit, as well as to that of San Francisco. With population centres growing fast, there was severe traffic congestion at the ferry docks, and motor vehicle travel by ferry was fast exceeding capacity. B. The bridge could not be constructed without the agreement of the US War Department, which owned the land on each side of the strait and had the power to prevent any harbour construction that might affect shipping traffic. In 1924, San Francisco and Marin counties applied for a permit to build a bridge, and after hearing overwhelming arguments in favour of the project, the Secretary of War agreed. Despite the economic benefits promised by its supporters, the project met fierce resistance from several businesses - particularly ferry companies ~ and civic leaders. Not only would the bridge be an obstacle to shipping and spoil the bay's natural beauty, they argued, but it also wouldn't survive the sort of earthquake that had devastated the city in 1906. Eight years of legal actions followed as opponents tried to prevent it from being builtAA ELTsMaterial.com €. Meanwhile, Strauss’s team scrapped their original plans in favour of a suspension span capable of moving more than two feet to each side: this would withstand strong wind far better than a rigid structure. They also planned the two towers, and decided on a paint colour they called ‘international orange’. D. O'Shaughnessy, Strauss and the Secretary to the Mayor of San Francisco believed a special district needed to be created, with responsibility for planning, designing and financing construction. The formation of this district would enable all the counties affected by the bridge to have a say in the proceedings. This happened in 1928 when the California legislature passed an act to establish the Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District, consisting of six counties. In 1930, residents voted on the question of whether to put up their homes, their farms and their business properties as security for a $35 million bond issue to finance construction. The outcome was a large majority in favour. However, the District struggled to find a financial backer amid the difficulties of the Great Depression; a problem made worse by years of expensive legal proceedings. Now desperate, Strauss personally sought help from the President of Bank of America, who provided a crucial boost by agreeing to buy $6 million in bonds in 1932, E. Construction began in January 1933, with the excavation of a vast amount of rock to establish the bridge’s two anchorages — the structures in the ground that would take the tension from the suspension cables. The crew consisted of virtually anyone capable of withstanding the physical rigours of the job, as out-of-work cab drivers, farmers and clerks lined up for the chance to earn steady wages as ironworkers and cement mixers The attempt to build what would be the first bridge support in the open ocean proved an immense challenge. Working from a long framework built out from the San Francisco side, divers plunged to depths of 90 feet through strong currents to blast away rock and remove the debris. The framework was damaged when it was struck by a ship in August 1933 and again during a powerful storm later in the year, setting construction back five months. F, The two towers were completed in June 1935, and a New Jersey-based company was appointed to handle the on-site construction of the suspension cables. Its engineers had mastered a technique in which individual steel wires were banded together in spools and carried across the length of the bridge on spinning wheels. Given a year to complete the task,AA ELTsMaterial.com they instead finished in just over six months, having spun more than 25,000 individual wires into each massive cable. The roadway was completed in April 1937, and the bridge officially opened to pedestrians the following month. The next day, President Roosevelt announced its opening via White House telegraph. G. The Golden Gate has endured as a marvel of modern engineering; its main span was the longest in the world for a suspension bridge until 1981, while its towers made it the tallest, bridge of any type until 1993. It withstood a destructive earthquake in 1989 and was closed to traffic only three times in its first 75 years due to weather conditions. Believed to be the most photographed bridge in the world, this landmark was named one of the seven civil engineering wonders of the United States by the American Society of Civil Engineers in 1994. Questions 28-35 Instructions to follow © The text has seven paragraphs A-G. © Which section mentions the following? © Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 28-35 on your answer sheet. © NB You may use any letter more than once. ® why it was easy to recruit workers to build the bridge A B © D E F G @ a change in the design of the bridge A B @ D © F G © opposition to building the bridge A B c D E ip G @) why a bridge was desirable‘AA leLTsMaterial.com A 8 c D © F G @ problems with ing funding for the bridge A B c D E G G ® permission being given to building the bridge A B c D E G G © which records the bridge broke A B Cc D 1 F G © the idea that building a bridge might be impossible A B © D © F G Questions 36 - 40 Instructions to follow © Complete the sentences below * Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer © Write your answers in boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet. @® building the bridge required a. @ one obje © Construction was delayed when the framework was damaged by a ship and again by a issued by the Secretary of War. n to building the bridge was that another . would destroy it. © The last part of the bridge to be constructed was the @ the bridge was first used by ... in May 1937.AA ELTsMaterial.com IELTS General Reading Test 2 Section 1 Instructions to follow You should spend 20 minutes on Questions 1-14 which are based on Rea Himalayan Treks A. Beginning in Manali, this trek to Hampta Pass is exciting as it leads to enthralling meadows and green valleys. This trek across the river Rani, further leads to Chika, Balu ka Ghera, and Shea Gahru, through a stretch of tall forests of oak and alpine offering a totally spectacular view of the valley. B. The Nag Tibba Trek is a relatively easy trek near Mussoorie with a maximum altitude of 9910 ft. Itis considered as a weekend getaway trek as itis short and best suited for people with limited time. The trek takes you through thick Deodar forests with the chirping of birds in the background and the amazing view of the Bandarpoonch peak, the Gangotri group of peaks, Kedarnath peak to name a few. ©. The Kedarkantha trek is a winter trek through forests covered with pine, maple, and Rhododendron trees in the state of Uttarakhand. It starts at Sankri a remote village around 200 kms from Dehradun. Itis a popular winter trek because of the landscape and majorly for snow which makes it a delight for trekkers. D. The Bhrigu Lake trek is a popular trek in the heart of Kulu Valley. The maximum altitude during this trek is 4267 meters/14000 feet. This trek is through the high-altitude alpine meadows and woody trails tucked away in the mountains of Kulu Valley. The views here are charming with the lake changing colors all through the day. The Bhrigu Lake has a mythical ificance attached to it.AA ELTsMaterial.com E. Dayara Bugyal trek is one of the most beautiful treks in Uttarakhand with beautiful valleys with streams of water, funning across high altitude meadows and vivid flora and fauna and is a perfect choice for beginners as the trek route is easy to traverse. The trek starts from Barsu a small village which is also the base camp for the trek F. When it feels like your life has lost all its charm due to the hectic schedule, just set out for the Chopta Chandrashila trek, via the sparkling Deoriatal Lake and rejuvenate yourself in the lush rhododendron forest and enthralling scenic views. The entire trail encompasses spectacular views from the great Chandrashila summit, plenty of forests, uncountable varieties of plants and birds. It is the perfect escape for both nature and bird lovers. Questions 1-8 Instructions to follow Look at the six descriptions of treks. For which treks are the following statements true? Write A — F against questions 1-8 in your answer sheet. You may use any letter more than once. Qrhis trek starts at a distant village: A B c D S ie @ The trek takes you through thick Deodar forests: A B ¢ D 5 i © this is not a summer trek: A B Cc D © F G@ This trek is to a lake with a fictional imaginary significance attached to it: A B Cc D © F G This trek is the ideal choice for beginners:AA ELTsMaterial.com A B © D E F @ This trek is for bird lovers: A B Cc D © F @ This trek offers remarkable views of the valley: A B c D & © @ Mhis is not a difficult trek: A B C D E P All About Gold’s Gyms ‘THE GOLD'S GYM FITNESS EXPERIENCE: Members enjoy access to the best coaches, personal trainers, and group exercise instructors in the business. That means access to motivating and knowledgeable experts dedicated to your success. Whatever your goal or experience level, our wide range of fitness classes and offerings can help you reach your goals. And you'll join a supportive community of members who share your aspirations. All of that adds up to an experience you won't find anywhere else. 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Our personal trainers areAA ELTsMaterial.com certified experts in exercise physiology, anatomy, training program development, exercise application and fitness assessments. And they excel at applying that knowledge to your own goals, no matter your age or fitness level. GOLD'S GYM GROUP EXERCISE CLASSES: Achieve physical, emotional and spiritual well-being while strengthening your body in a Yoga class. Or challenge yourself with a Zumba class where Latin rhythms join cardiovascular exercise to create an aerobic routine. We offer classes that appeal to all interests and fitness levels. GOLD'S GYM BOOTCAMP: It’s time to change up your routine and your scenery with both in-gym and outdoor BOOTCAMP classes. BOOTCAMP offers a full-body, large group training workout led by a Certified Gold's Gym Coach and geared for all fitness levels. Not a Gold's Gym Member? Take advantage of a Free Pass at participating BOOTCAMP locations to see where your workout can take you. Questions 9-14 Instructions to follow © Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text? In boxes on your answer sheet, write TRUE - if the statement agrees with the information FALSE - if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN - if there is no information on this. @ The New Year Challenge will begin in January: © Bootcamp is geared for beginners only: @® rersonal trainers are certified in assessing fitness: @ Bootcamp offers a full body workout:WA [eLTsMaterial.com © Zumba classes are held on alternate d: @ the first prize in Gold Gym challenge is $100,000:AA ELTsMaterial.com Section 2 Instructions to follow © You should spend 20 minutes on Questions 15-27 which are based on Reading Passage 2. Qualities that make a great barista How to become a great maker and server of espresso-based coffee drinks Truly great baristas take the time to develop the key skills that will enable them to deliver the highest possible quality of coffee-based beverage and service. As a barista, you must make a concerted effort to listen to your clientele and make sure the drinks you produce are correct in all respects. This is particularly important when you consider the sheer range and complexity of modern coffee drinks, which may start from a single (or double) shot of espresso but can include many additional elements. If you become distracted by the conversation that is going on nearby, you may ultimately miss the mark from a service perspective. One thing that separates a great from a good barista is that the former is constantly busy and has a strong work ethic. You will often catch a great barista rinsing out the filter in their machines, for example, as this erodes the build-up of burnt coffee oil that can begin to impact ‘on the quality and taste of each espresso shot. Similarly, do not be surprised to hear the sound of the coffee grinder at work. This highlights the keen attention to detail that distinguishes skilled baristas, as they have the desire and the awareness to make every drink with completely fresh ground coffee. This type of attentiveness helps baristas to get the most from the coffee that they use, as many of the delicate aromas found in espresso are lost when exposed to the open air. Timing is everything when it comes to producing the perfect cup of coffee. A great barista knows precisely when to finish the extraction of espresso, at the point when the balance of, flavour has reached its optimum levels. They also understand how important this is; those whoAA ELTsMaterial.com act too soon are left with a drink without flavour while those who delay the finish risk burning the beverage and tainting it with a bitter after-taste. ‘When it comes to customer service, there is so much more to a coffee shop experience than drinking perfectly roasted blends. The atmosphere and the ambience also play a central role, and the interaction that the customer has with their barista sets the tone for an enjoyable experience. Great baristas ask their customers how their day is going or what they're going to do later; they read local newspapers and keep up with issues that really matter, all of which make a real difference in a competitive marketplace. Questions 15-22 Instructions to follow Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer. Notes on being a great barista Serving the customer . Be sure you make drinks that are £8). © Ignore any @. .« for the customer .. around you Using the equipment . regularly © Clean the machine €@.. © Grindin — always use ground coffee that is @). — remember that air causes the smell to fade Making the coffee Know when to stop making the espresso — too early reduces the ©).AA ELTsMaterial.com — too late makes the coffee@).. Giving good customer service © Talk to your customer — ask about the customers’ @2). — know something about the important 2). in the area Running a meeting If you're running a meeting for the first time, here are a few tips to help you. Prior to the meeting, think about the seating and arrange it in an appropriate way. A circle can work well for informal meetings, but sometimes the furniture cannot be re-arranged or rows are more suitable. Consider the participants and decide what is best. Before people arrive, it's a good idea to designate someone to stand at the entrance and greet everyone. If the meeting is small, start by requesting everyone to introduce themselves and to give a bit of relevant information in addition to their name. This may be what they do or why they are there. For all meetings, you need to introduce the chairperson, i.e., yourself, and any other outside speakers you have invited. Next, make sure everyone can see the agenda or has a copy of it. Briefly run through the items then take one point at a time, and make sure the group doesn't stray from that point until it has been dealt with. Encourage participation at all times so that attendees can contribute but don't, let everyone talk at the same time. Try to keep discussions positive, but don't ignore conflicts - find a solution for them and make sure they are resolved before they grow. ‘Summarise points regularly and make clear action points. Write these down and don't forget to note who's doing what, and by when. Encourage everyone to feel able to volunteer for tasks and roles. It can help if the more experienced members of the group offer to share skills and‘AA leLTsMaterial.com knowledge, but don't let the same people take on all the work as this can lead to tension within the group. ‘At the end, remember to thank everyone for turning up and contributing. It can be nice to follow the meeting with a social activity like sharing a meal or going to a cafe. Questions 23-27 Instructions to follow © Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer. on running a meeting Arrange seats according to the types of meeting and participants 4 In small meetings, ask people for some@). 4 Make sure the @). 4 Involve people in the discussion and solve any €2). 4 Note action points and who is responsible for them 4 Avoid @. 4 Thank people for coming and possibly have some kind of €%. wu a5 they introduce themselves is available to everyone. . quickly if they arise ... by involving a range of people in tasks .. afterwardsAA ELTsMaterial.com Section 3 Instructions to follow * You should spend 20 minutes on Questions 28-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3. The Francigena Way The via Francigena or Francigena Way is a historical pilgrimage route from Canterbury Cathedral in England to St Peter's Basilica in Rome. It is similar to the more well-known but shorter pilgrimage route, the Camino de Santiago, which crosses the north of Spain. The current usable path of the Francigena begins in the north of France, goes through the pass of St Bernard in ‘Switzerland, crossing the base of the Alps into Italy, and winds its way down to Rome. The 30-kilometre English section from Canterbury to Dover on the coast, now lies under the A2 motorway. However, from France to Rome there is a continuous narrow road, which is best preserved in the Italian territory. After Rome, the passage continues on a route called the Southern Francigena to the coast of Puglia, which historically enabled pilgrims to travel by ship across the Mediterranean to the Holy Land. 1,000 kilometers of the route is in the Italian territory through the regions of Aosta, Piedmont Lombardy, Emilia Romagna, Tuscany, Umbria, Liguria and Lazio. The French section of the route almost fell into disuse after the medieval period as ships started taking the faster route by ship around France and Spain and through the Mediterranean to Rome, or even directly on to the coast near the city of Jerusalem. The Italian parts of the route are mainly in mountainous areas so they were never developed into modern roads, and the exact path can still be walked today, across open fields, through woodlands, and over ancient stone bridges right up to the gates of Rome. Written records date the route back to the pre-Christian era, with the Romans calling it the Lombardian Way. Archaeologists, however, have found evidence of its existence dating all the way back to at least the Bronze Age.AA ELTsMaterial.com The name via Francigena (meaning ‘road from France’) was first documented in 876 CE when monks from Monte Amiata in Tuscany referred to their abbey as one of the route’s stops for pilgrims. Sigeric, the Archbishop of Canterbury, took the 1,800 kilometre route from Rome to Canterbury in 990 CE, while returning from a meeting with the Pope in Rome (and it is, presumed he arrived at Rome by the same route). Sigeric wrote a journal recording the experience of his journey and he was the first to do this. In the 1860s, Sigeric’s journal was published as a book for the first time and some interest in the Francigena Way was revived. However, until the twentieth century, it remained mostly obscure, and the length of it was only traversed by a few enthusiastic historians and pilgrims. Shorter sections along the route were used by local people between villages, but as new roads in the 1800s allowed for more direct routes, the Francigena practically fell into disuse. In recent years, it has been reborn as not only a religious walk but also a scenic route for trekking enthusiasts. The part of the route that passes through Tuscany in particular is thought to be the most picturesque and has become a huge tourist attraction. This Tuscan section is broken into distances of around 8 to 10 kilometres that can be comfortably walked in one day, between a series of tiny hillside villages that are now revitalized with rural B&Bs and restaurants, servicing the walkers as they follow the ancient path. The Francigena Way passes through Switzerland in the canton of Valais close to the Italian border, and the route goes through the ancient low pass of St Bernard. This is where Napoleon Bonaparte famously passed into Italy, which was immortalized in a number of paintings, most likely inspired by the wonderful scenery. This is another very beautiful stage of the route, passing lakes and alpine fields and following around the base of Mont Blanc, the highest mountain in Europe. The part of the Francigena Way stretching through France from the coastal city of Calais to the border of Switzerland, is less trekked than the paths in Italy and Switzerland. There are often great distances between the places to stay along the French legs, and walkers often have to camp on the side of the road when it starts getting dark due to scarcity of accommodation.AA ELTsMaterial.com It is a route better suited to cycling because of this. Some parts of the route have light motorized traffic, but other parts lead into hidden paths through woods and hillsides. The French government has recently started taking an interest in preserving and renovating some sections of the Francigena Way, so in coming years it may become easier to make the journey on foot. Few people walk the complete Francigena, which takes between 80 and 90 days to complete on foot. The best time to take the route is during the spring or autumn season, when the temperatures are milder and there are fewer tourists. The route consists of country roads and ide, and as such, walkers do not have to be very experienced. One of the attractions of walking even a part of the Francigena Way is its pure simplicity. stony mountainous paths — though they are not of a very high a Travellers can only take as much as they can carry, and do not have access to Wi-Fi or mobile phone signal at numerous points on the trip. Much of the journey is virtually unchanged in landscape and wildlife since its early Christian beginnings, so walking along the paths can fire the imagination about the many other people who have taken this path over the centuries. Questions 28-32 Instructions to follow * Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer. ‘The Francigena Route The starting point was originally in England at the cathedral in 2). but the route to the coast now lies under a motorway. ' The Francigena Way now really begins at the city of @.......... and travels through France to ‘Switzerland.‘AA leLTsMaterial.com ' ‘The route then passes through the canton of Valais, crosses the Alps in Switzerland at the pass of... finally arriving at the city of @. .. and enters Italy, The Francigena then winds its way through eight €20....... of Italy, Questions 33-36 Instructions to follow Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the text for each answer. Early records of the Francigena Way ‘The Francigena Way was called the Lombardian Way by the Romans, but there is archaeological .. of the road being there for thousands of years. in Tuscany ‘The first time the Francigena Way was mentioned in writing was when €2). wrote about pilgrims visiting them. Sigeric, the Archbishop of Canterbury, recorded the@2. of his return to England in a journal. ‘The French part of the Francigena Way stopped being used as much after medieval times because people began travelling to Rome by 2). Questions 37-40AA ELTsMaterial.com Instructions to follow © Choose the correct letter, A, B, Cor D. © why has the Francigena Way become more popular in recent years? ‘A Because Sigeric’s journal has been published. 8 Because a large number of historians have studied it. © Because it has become a site for leisure and exercise. © Because it is physically challenging, © The text reveals that Napoleon Bonaparte A commissioned paintings of himself at the pass of St Bernard. 8 used the Francigena Way to enter the Italian territories. thought the scenery around the Francigena was wonderful. © was painted at the foot of Mont Blanc on his way to Italy. © why is the French part of the route better for cyclists than walkers? a ‘There are long distances between rest points. 8 _ Itis safer to cycle than walk on public roads. © The French government prefers to promote cycling. © Cyclists are better equipped for camping. © Areason people enjoy walking parts of the Francigena Way is A they get to exercise by walking up the mountains. 2 _ itoffers an uncomplicated way of travelling.‘AA leLTsMaterial.com © they can stay in touch with the outside world easily. D the weather is always pleasant.AA ELTsMaterial.com IELTS General Reading Test 3 Section 1 Instructions to follow © You should spend 20 minutes on Questions 1-14 which are based on Reading Passage 1. Set Up Desktop Video Conferencing Desktop Conferencing offers an easy, fun and practical way to see and talk to one another over the web, each at your own desk! Here are instructions for what you need to get started, how to set it up, and how to use it. You will need ‘Acamera with a microphone (around $80), a computer with a USB port (standard on newer computers), Internet access, MSN Messenger and NetMeeting conferencing software installed, ‘a Microsoft Passport for directory services to contact other users, a video-conferencing partner with all of the above. Setting it Up 1. Purchase any H320 Standard camera such as a Logitech Quick CamWeb model. Note most popular lower-priced cameras are H320s, more expensive ones are H323 standard. You will want to use the same standard camera as your colleagues. 2. Install the driver from the CD that comes with your camera and plug your camera into your computer's USB port. 3. Install MSN Messenger if you don't have it already. This messaging tool offers a range of features equivalent to AOL's Instant Messenger, with the value that it is integrated into Microsoft products and services. Go to www.microsoft.com and search for Messenger.AA ELTsMaterial.com Download the program to your hard drive, then double click on it to install. The MSN Messenger Window will open. Click on the link to sign in. 4. Set up a Microsoft Passport if you don't have one already. Click on the link that says ‘Don’t have a Passport? Get one here’. At the top of this window, it will say ‘Don’t want to create a Hotmail e-mail account? Try this instead’. Click on this link. We recommend using your unigname@uni.edu mail address as a standard so others in our community can easily locate you. Use whatever password you wish, and Agree to the terms. 5. You will need to reply to the passport confirmation email before you can use the service. This, is usually sent to your email account immediately. Adding Contacts = Your contacts are a list you create of others with whom you want to video conference. They will also want to add you as a contact. You will need to know their passport email address, and they will need to know your passport email address (therefore, using the unigname@uni.edu standard is valuable in facilitating this step.) Questions 1-7 Instructions to follow © Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS and/or a NUMBER from the text for each answer. @ vou will need to install two pieces of Qrou will need to purchase an H320 or HB2B Camera. usw messenger can be downloaded from the website to your computer's. @ie's a good idea to use your ‘uni.edu’ email address for your Before you can use your passport you will need to ... receive . to email you'llAA ELTsMaterial.com address. @ Po add a contact you will have to have the person's... (@You can find the ‘add contacts’ command on the ... Tips for Using Language Efficiently If you want your words to have the greatest appeal and impact, you need to pay special attention to the quality (versus quantity, i.e., “word count”) of your creative writings. Here, we'll look at seven valuable tips for making your pieces “pop” by employing effective language usage and choices. A. Select your words with care. If you want to pen the strongest, most meaningful works possible, you'll need to be highly selective when it comes to picking appropriate words and phrases. Even if you've been told that your novel, play, or short story needs to be of a minimum length, don't allow yourself to fall into the trap of inserting bits of “fluffy” (and ultimately hollow) prose just to fill space. B. Use your thesaurus sparingly... and with a dictionary in hand. Your computer's word processing software probably comes with a built-in thesaurus, which is a boon to writers everywhere. However, though it can be a helpful guide, it's not a foolproof method of finding the right word. Don't rely on the thesaurus every time you're searching for the “perfect” term, as not all the synonyms listed mean exactly the same thing. That being said, there's nothing wrong with using the thesaurus as a tool... just make sure you have an old-fashioned dictionary on hand to ensure the properness of the word you choose. C. Read, read and read some more! One of the best methods of becoming more literarily confident is to read others’ works. Even if you simply pick up the local paper every morning and peruse the main section, you'll be, increasing your personal stash of words and phrases. When you read a particularly captivating metaphor or a term with which you were previously unfamiliar, take a moment and write it down in a notebook. Then, the next time you're stumped for something to say, open your personal “dictionary” and find some instant inspiration! D. Edit someone else's creative piece.AA ELTsMaterial.com ‘When you agree to look over another author's creative writings as a sharp-eyed editor, you'll begin to recognize some of the same “traps” that you might have fallen into yourself. These can include the inclination to overuse “filler” words such as “really” and “nice” or reuse the same phrase in practically every paragraph E. Make sure you're saying what you think you're sat e. Another common problem that creative writers stumble upon is transferring an idea from the mind to paper (or computer screen.) If you're not 100% certain that your reader will understand what you've written, ask for some help from a friend, editor, or writing coach. After all, if your audience can't appreciate or follow your story, you haven't done your job. F. Verbosity doesn't equal greatness. Many individuals falsely believe that complexity translates to superiority; however, that's often not the case. Typically, simplicity is the key to making your creative writing sing. Otherwise, your pieces could become so bogged down that no one will be able to plod through the pages or, in the case of poetry, verses. G. Know your audience. Last, but certainly not least, it's important to keep in mind the people who will read your works. For example, if you're putting together a children’s book, you'll have to tone down your verbiage; otherwise, your young audience might become bored or confused. Similarly, if you're working on a poem aimed at retirees, the language you use will need to be relevant to your age group, possibly even referring to your readers’ shared generational experiences. Language is a beautiful thing and one of the cornerstones of civilisation. Use it wisely and reap the rewards. Questions 8-14 Instructions to follow © The text contains seven sections, A-G. © Which section contains the following information? © getting help from a friend® @®o ®@ © making a personal reference for yourself @0 @0O @0 @O0 © writing for different age groups @ the best kind of published reference books to use @0o @0o 6 @® avoid padding out the text ® ® © © the power of keeping things simple @®0O @0 @ ° @ how to learn by giving feedbackAA ELTsMaterial.com Section 2 Instructions to follow You should spend 20 minutes on Questions 15-28 which are based on Reading Passage 2 How to effectively problem solve ‘A. In life we can sometimes be overwhelmed by problems. The reason behind this is that we wait for problems to find us. We would do far better to take a proactive approach, actively seeking out potential problems and deciding on which are worth tackling in the first place and taking appropriate action. B. Next, one has to resist the temptation of going straight into problem analysis and solution. As with the first step, this stage is one of the secrets of effective problem-solving. Having already decided upon what problems are worthwhile solving, at this stage, you need to establish what exactly you are trying to solve. C. Now you are ready to get down to work on actually tackling the problem you have identified. You need to break down the complexity of the problem, stripping away the superficial and getting to the causes/issues. Whilst this may take some time and thought, in the long run you will reap the benefits of spending time in this more contemplative stage of the process D. There are always more than one ways to solve a problem, so take time to create and work upon plenty of creative possibilities to the problem. Think of it as a personal brainstorming session, However ludicrous a solution may seem initially, write it down nevertheless. You never know how effective a solution will be anyway until it is put into practice. E. Next you need to make choices. You need to weigh up the relative merits and risks of the different options you generated in the previous step and decide which to go for. This is more of I cssveteratcom 4AA ELTsMaterial.com a filtering stage where you weed out the solutions that are less likely to work from the more plausible options, F. Deciding on which course of action to take is only half the story, though. You need to carry the action through in an effective way if you are to deliver the outcomes essential to solving the problem you originally defined. G. Hopefully once you have reached this stage your problem is now a thing of the past. Before you give yourself a well-deserved pat on the back though, it is worth taking time out to reflect ‘on what you have achieved so far and whether you in fact arrived at the anticipated outcome you had hoped for. Any perceived failings on your part in implementing the steps can then be addressed, allowing you to take more effective action in problem-solving situations in the future. Questions 15-21 Instructions to follow © The text on the next page has seven sec * Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below. © Write the correct number, -x, in boxes 15-21 on your answer sheet. List of Headings i. Defining the problem ii. Explore different routes ili Some problems are easier to solve iv. Implement your decision v. Evaluate and learn vi. Problems may appear bigger than they are vii. Analyse the problem | Find the right problem to solve ix, Select the best solution x. Never over-analyse viAA ELTsMaterial.com Section A 6 Section B Section C Section D Section E Section F 08666086 Section G The Function and Definition of Play Play can be defined by three basic criteria: an expression of freedom of choice, personal enjoyment and an activity that is an end in itself. Its persistence through the ages and across diverse cultures demonstrates its functional role in human survival and development. In a nutshell, play serves to develop social and cognitive abilities as well as acting as a form of self-expression, Within the activity of play itself there are several clearly defined types. These types range from simple physical play with objects such as baby rattles, to more complex cognitive play in games with many rules, such as cards or chess played by older children ‘At the most basic end of the play continuum is passive play. Children exhil ing passive play behaviours are not involved physically in any play activity themselves. When play beh: exhibited by other children in their presence, they may be virtually oblivious to it, or they may ur is observe but not participate, exhibiting ‘onlooker behaviour’.AA ELTsMaterial.com ‘At a more engaged level, children will exhibit involved play behaviours. To what extent this is a social activity varies greatly, depending on where the child is on the socio-developmental spectrum. At one end of the spectrum a child may be actively involved in play but alone or in parallel to other players. In both cases the child does not interact with other children in play activity. As the child learns to engage more with other children socially, involved play behaviour will show acknowledgement but not complete interaction with other children in associative play and more complete engagement with other children in cooperative play which requires negotiation skills and turn talking. ‘Asa child develops language and vocabulary skills, pretend play will evolve. This type of play serves to increase memory abilities and enhances reasoning and problem-solving abilities. Children at this stage use imagination to overcome what adults would term ‘problem-solving’. ‘As cognitive abilities develop in a child, they will begin to engage in cognitive play. Here, at a more complex level of this stage, the child will play games with set rules, such as chess or jacks, as well as engaging in dramatic play that involves a degree of role play. At three to five years of age, when cognitive and social abilities are significantly more developed, a child will demonstrate socio-dramatic play. Role play is used and the child interacts with other children to narrate and act in stories with fluid storylines that they then act out together. Questions 22-23 Instructions to follow © Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text for each answer. Whilst play may seem a purely fun activity, it plays a 2 in maturation. As a child matures, they will engage in @)............, using a set of rules to play games.‘AA leLTsMaterial.com Questions 24-28 Instructions to follow © Look at the following descriptions and the list of terms in the box below. © Match each description with the correct term, A-E. © Write the appropriate letter, A-E, in boxes 24-28 on your answer sheet. List of Terms A Passive play B Involved play © Pretend play D Cognitive play E Socio-dramatic play List of Descriptions @ The child engages in active play but may fail to acknowledge other children. A B Cc D E @ no attempt is made by the child to engage in active play. A B c D i. @arstract rules are used in game playing and those exercises cognitive functioning. A 8 e D E‘AA leLTsMaterial.com interaction with other children is vital for play to evolve using rules devised during play. @ Play foreshadows more complex adult behaviour used in daily survival.AA ELTsMaterial.com Section 3 Instructions to follow © You should spend 20 minutes on Questions 29-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3. Cosmetics ‘A. Cosmetics have been in use almost since time immemorial across diverse cultures. Not only do they serve to enhance natural beauty but they also provide a means of self-expression. From Cleopatra to the modern day, cosmetics have played an integral role in women's daily beauty regimes. B. The fashion for cosmetics first started in Ancient Egypt and was later actively embraced by the Romans. In the latter era, cosmetics and their use transcended all classes, as aristocracy and the poor alike availed themselves of all manner of beauty products. However, nail colour was exclusively the preserve of aristocrats, as it continued to be in China in later years. In China this, trend even became enshrined in law and transgressors crossing the social divide separating the working class from aristocracy by daring to sport nail colour were summarily executed in public. Quite literally, people died for fashion. C. As cosmetics grew in popularity, women began to become more extravagant in their use of cosmetics. Imported beauty products from as far away as China, Germany and Gaul were lavishly used by women in their quest for beauty. Excessive use of these costly products ultimately incited public controversy, leading to the introduction of the Lex Oppia Law of | 89 BC. The law curbed the use of cosmetics and over-adornment of women generally in public places. Prior to the law's introduction, women had been becoming ever more competitive In keeping up appearances, even gambling away huge fortunes on the costly cosmetics. D. In the following interim period between the Roman era and the Middle Ages, use of cosmetics all but disappeared. The Dark Ages, as this era was termed, saw only very limited use of make-up amongst restricted sectors of the public. An edict issued by the Church, denouncing all those wearing cosmetics as heathens and devil-worshippers, ensured that cosmetics suffered I cssveteratcom “0AA ELTsMaterial.com a rapid loss in popularity amongst the public. Overwhelmingly, the use of cosmetics during this era was associated with women of ill repute and actors for whom society had scant regard, E. Only much later, in the Elizabethan era, did cosmetics become popular once again. Lead preparations were particularly favoured as women sought to lighten their skin. The pallid complexion of Elizabeth | was famously attributed to the application of a poisonous lead compound. Nor were poisonous applications merely restricted to applications of lead substances. Belladonna, obtained from the deadly nightshade plant, was used to enlarge pupils in the belief that this made women more attractive. In addition, mercury compounds, such as mercury sulphide, were applied to the lips for colour. It is no small wonder, therefore, that ‘Queen Elizabeth | lived long enough to be one of England's longest-reigning monarchs, with her reign lasting a total of 45 years. G. Since make-up was deliberately understated in the Victorian as well as the subsequent Edwardian era (1901 -1910), purveyors of cosmetics were few and far between. Purchase of cosmetics was even a somewhat furtive affair, with clients obtaining products from local chemists) or from shops with concealed back door entrances. H. Only with the advent of Selfridge’s in Oxford Street, London (1909) and the establishing of a cosmetics counter where women could publicly try out cosmetics before purchase did buying and wearing of cosmetics gain acceptability. Today the sheer diversity of cosmetics available and the freedom to apply them sparingly, liberally, or not at all are largely due to the burgeoning of the cosmetics industry, spearheaded in the UK by Gordon Selfridge and the influence of Hollywood in the 1920s. Questions 29-35 Instructions to follow © The text has eight paragraphs, A-H. Which paragraph contains the following information? © Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 29-35 on your answer sheet. © class distinctions are upheld‘AA leLTsMaterial.com A B @ D E 8 G H @a fashion only for a despised minority A B c D e F G H @) a legislative response to public outcry A B c D E F 6 H © the motivation to wear cosmetics A B c D e F G H © health comes a poor second to maintaining appearances A B c D E F 6 H © a heatthier approach to fashion A B c D E © G H © freedom of expression A B c D 1 F G H Questions 36-40 Instructions to follow © Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the text for each answer. Throughout the ages, cosmetics have rarely been out of fashion for long. Beauty products have been and continue to be to the pursuit of physical perfection, although the popularity of cosmetics has waxed and waned in different eras. Cosmetics have often been used not only as a means of enhancing beauty, but also as a form of @. in addition to maintaining the . between classes.‘AA leLTsMaterial.com Distinctions between the ruling class and the underclasses, with regard to the observation of fashions, were most stringently observed in China where transgressors were often punished by death. In certain eras, such as the Dark Ages and the Edwardian period, the obvious use of cosmetics was @........and positively discouraged. Only in the post-Edwardian era, with ©........ of cosmetics counters in major department stores and the fascination for Hollywood, did cosmetics enjoy a resurgence in public popularityAA ELTsMaterial.com IELTS General Reading Test 4 Section 1 Instructions to follow You should spend 20 minutes on Questions 1-14 which are based on Reading Passage 1. © Read the information below and answer questions 1-7. Let's face it: all of us are busy with work, school, and trying to get some down time in between. This is just one reason why online teaching has provided great opportunities for people who want to study a language and fit it into their busy schedules. Check out our expert English language teachers below and let us know which one you would like to have your first free lesson with! A- Pamela Harris Born and raised in the United States, Pamela is one of our expert teachers in the English language. Her passions include teaching American slang, phrasal verbs, and film analysis. She currently lives in Italy and enjoys traveling around Europe. B - Salvatore Mineo Mr. Mineo has a CELTA Degree from the University of Cambridge and has been teaching English for 17 years. He enjoys teaching Business English and often travels to conferences that specialize in discussing new ways to teach executives languages. He can also teach group classes with a maximum of 5 people.AA ELTsMaterial.com (C—Angela Landry Specializing in teaching young learners, Angela is an expert at captivating the attention of children and teenagers through exciting lessons and interactive games. She has studied a “learning-through-playing” approach and is our highest-rated teacher! There is currently a waitlist for her courses. D- Michael Sattler Mr. Sattler is an ex-journalist who has devoted the last 5 years of his life to language teaching. He specializes in writing and helping university students excel in their thesis preparation. As the newest member of our team, Mr. Sattler is the only teacher offering a discount on his courses this month. E- Brittany Feigel Arecent graduate of a Teaching Master's program in London, Ms. Feigel brings her classroom experience into the online teaching world. She is our expert in materials creation and has developed all of our online tutorials, which are used company-wide. Questions 1-7 Instructions to follow © Look at the following statements (Questions 1-7) and a list of people below. ¢ Match each statement with the correct person A, B, C, Dor E. Write the correct number A-E in boxes Questions 1-7 on your answer sheet.‘AA leLTsMaterial.com NB You may use any letter more than once. List of people A. Pamela Harris B Salvatore Mineo C Angela Landry D Michael Sattler E Brittany Feigel @ This teacher has been with the company for the least amount of time. A B c D & @this teacher can teach small groups. A B c D & © This teacher is perfect for children. A B c D © @ This teacher had a different career prior to teaching, A B c D © @ This teacher contributed her work to the entire company. A B c D & @ This teacher will have the cheapest rate for a short time. a B © D EAA ELTsMaterial.com @ this teacher specializes in colloquial language. A B G D © Question 8 - 14 Instructions to follow © Read the information below and answer questions 8-14. OPEN ALL DAY! Our new restaurant, Blue Fin, is part of the McClelland Restaurant Group. It is located on the Perryville Highway Business District, right behind the Ground Round Playground and Sports Center. For our GRAND OPENING, we will be open all day for the next month (September 2019). We have internationally renowned chefs, affordable menus, and a variety of cuisine! While we specialize in fish, seafood, and New Orleans comfort food, we also offer a buffet service with global dishes. ‘We have separate areas for business lunches and we welcome all special occasions. Do you have a birthday, anniversary, or important get-together coming up? If so, call our manager, Beth Watkins, to book a special table at a discounted rate! We can accomodate parties no larger than 25 people at this time, however. New Opening PricingAA ELTsMaterial.com (These low, special prices are valid only for one month, until October 2019. After this date, Prices will increase to their normal rates.) Prices \clude an All-You-Can-Eat Buffet and one entree 1, Adults: $25.00 2. Children (under 13 years old): $10.00 3. Senior Citizens (over 65 years old): $15.00 Questions 8-14 Instructions to follow Do the following statements agree boxes 8-14 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the inform FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this. the reading passage? In © Blue Fin is part of a larger restaurant group. © The restaurant includes breakfast items, @ The restaurant currently does not have a manager as part of its staff. @ Blue Fin can accommodate business lunches with over 30 people. @ There are dessert options in the buffet. © Prices are generally higher than the special offers in October. @ Senior Citizens will always pay $15.00 for the All-You-Can-Eat Buffet and one entree.AA ELTsMaterial.com Section 2 Instructions to follow Read the text below and answer questions 15-20. Job brief: Receptionist ‘We are looking for a receptionist to manage our front desk on a daily basis and to perform a variety of administrative and clerical tasks. What does a receptionist do? As a receptionist, you will be the first point of contact for our company. Our receptionist’s duties include offering administrative support across the organization. You will welcome guests and greet people who visit the business. You will also coordinate front-desk activities, including distributing correspondence and redirecting phone calls. To be successful, you should have a pleasant personality, as this is also a customer service role. You should also be able to deal with emergencies in a timely and effective manner, while streamlining office operations. Multitasking and stress management skills are essential for this position. This role may require working in shifts, so flexibility is a plus. Ultimately, your duties and responsibilities are to ensure the front desk welcomes guests positively, and executes all administrative tasks to the highest quality standards.