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ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
AND
SAFTEY PROCEDURES
Syllabus
It is Switched Fuse
Unit. It has one switch
unit and one fuse unit.
Characteristics of MCB
The characteristics of an MCB mainly include
the following
•Rated current is not more than 100 amperes
•Normally, trip characteristics are not adjustable
•Thermal magnetic operation
ELCB
Early earth leakage circuit breakers are voltage
detecting devices, which are now switched by
current sensing devices (RCD/RCCB).
An ECLB is one kind of safety device used for
installing an electrical device with high earth
impedance to avoid shock.
There are two types of Earth Leakage Circuit
Breaker (ELCB)
Voltage Operated ELCB
Current Operated ELCB
Characteristics of ELCB
This circuit breaker connects the phase, earth wire
and neutral
The working of this circuit breaker depends on
current leakage
MCCB
Molded case circuit breakers are a type of
electrical protection device that is
commonly used when load currents exceed
the capabilities of miniature circuit
breakers. They are also used in applications
of any current rating that require adjustable
trip settings, which are not available in
plug-in circuit breakers and MCBs.
PVC(Polyvinyl chloride):
It is a thermo plastic
insulating material. These
are used up to 1.1kv
voltages especially in
concealed wiring system.
TRS(Tough rubber
sheathed) or Cab type
sheathed(CTS): These are
used 250/ 500v circuits.
Electrical Earthing
The process of transferring the immediate discharge of the
electrical energy directly to the earth by the help of the low
resistance wire is known as the electrical earthing.
Applications
These cells are preferred for
providing power to small devices
like Electronic calculators, Audio
devices, Cameras etc.,
Types of Cells
Secondary Cells:
• The chemical action in this cells is reversible.
• Thus if cell is down, it can be charged to regain its
original state, by using one of the charging
methods.
• The electrical energy is stored in the form of chemical
energy.
• secondary cells are also called storage cells,
accumulators or rechargeable cells.
• The various types of secondary cells are
i. Lead-acid cell.
ii. Alkaline cell (Nickel-cadmium )
Lead-acid cell
Applications
1. In emergency lighting systems
2. In automobiles for starting.
3. Uninterrupted power supply systems.
4. Railway signalling.
5. Electrical substations and the power
stations.
Characteristics of Lead-acid cell
• During charging of the
lead acid cell, the voltage
increases from 1.8V to
2.5V-2.7V, when cell is
completely charged.
Applications
1. Mine locomotives and mine
safety lamps
2. Space ship
3. In the railways for Lighting
and air conditioning purposes.
4. To supply power to tractors,
submarines, aeroplanes etc.
Electrical Characteristics of Nickel Iron
cell
•The Characteristics will
show the variations in the
terminal voltage of cell
against the charging or
discharging hours.
•When fully charged its
voltage is about 1.4V and
during discharging it reduces
to 1.1 to 1V. During charging,
the average charging voltage
is 1.7 to 1.75 V.
Nickel – cadmium cell
Applications
1.Millitary aero planes , helicopters
and commercial airlines for starting
engines and provide emergency
supply.
2. In Electric Shavers.
3. In the railways for Lighting and
air conditioning purposes etc.
Battery Charging
• The main methods of battery charging are
1. Constant current method
2. Constant voltage method
3. Rectifier method
Battery Charging – Constant Current Method
• When the supply is high
voltage but battery to be
charged is of low voltage,
then this method is used.
• The number of batteries are
connected in series across
the available D.C. voltage.
• The constant current is
maintained through the
batteries with the help of
variable resistor connected
in series.
Battery Charging – Constant Voltage Method
• In this method constant voltage is
applied across the cells,
connecting batteries in parallel.
• The charging current varies
according to the state of the
charge of each battery.
• The battery is first connected, a
high charging current will flows
meanwhile the terminal voltage
of the battery increases, the
charging current reduces
automatically.
• At the end of full charge, the
voltage of the battery is equal to
the voltage across the busbars
and no current flows.
Battery Charging – Rectifier method
• When battery is required to be charged from A.C supply,
this method is used.
• The rectifier converts A.C to D.C supply generally bridge
rectifier is used for this purpose.
• The step down transformer lowers the A.C supply voltage
as per the requirement.
Battery Backup
• A battery backup device is an electronic device that supplies secondary
power in the absence of main power, such as during a power outage.
• Battery backup devices in all sizes and power capacities available but
this will affect the size and capacities required.