Web Based Immersive Analytics
Bakhtiyar Kirgeyev*
University of Passau
A BSTRACT
Web-based immersive analytics is a relatively new field that uses data
visualization and virtual reality to help people understand their data.
By immersive analytics we mean an interactive three-dimensional
(3D) environment where users can explore data from different angles
and perspectives. They could spot patterns and trends that they
would have missed using more conventional techniques. To get
started with web-based immersive analytics, there are two important
things developers or users should keep in mind. First and foremost, it
is essential to select a platform that is better suited for a certain set of
requirements. There are several technologies accessible, each with
unique advantages and disadvantages. Second, before beginning to
use immersive analytics successfully, it is advisable to have a solid
grasp of the data. Once we understand the data, we may explore it
in novel ways and decide more wisely for various applications.
1 I NTRODUCTION
It is not surprising that analysis has grown to be one of the most
effective tools in modern toolbox due to increased amount of data[1].
Data analytics and its effects on different fields are major topics
in the corporate world today. A novel method of engaging using
data that enables more intuitive and natural exploration is called
immersive analytics (IA). People can immerse data in a way that has
been not conceivable due to cutting-edge technology such as virtual
reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and others immersive tech-
nologies. Awareness in integrating various devices (Head-Mounted
Displays (HMD), mobile devices, and PCs) via a single interface is
growing as a result of the continual emergence of new technologies
and improved accessibility.
People use web-based applications increasingly frequently in our
day-to-day activities. The increased interest in leveraging these
same technologies to provide an immersive analysis through web-
based products with AR (VR) technology should not be surprising
in light of this. A number of libraries and frameworks have already
been established, and web technologies offer a viable option. In
this paper, we will take a look at some of the state-of-art methods
and frameworks which can be used to enable an immersive analysis
through web-based applications with AR (VR) technologies. We
will also provide a brief overview of some of the challenges which
need to be addressed in order to make this a reality, visualisation
techniques, and systems which use immersive visualisation methods.
Utilizing VR technology, 3D visualizations, and natural language
processing, web-based immersive analytics allow users to engage
over data. Analysts could ask questions of the data by utilizing
such technologies, and they will receive responses in the form of an
immersive experience. This makes it possible to comprehend the
data more deeply and makes working with the data more productive.
It is possible to employ a variety of web-based techniques and
frameworks to make immersive analysis with AR (VR) technology.
* e-mail:
kirgey01@ads.uni-passau.de
Some of these include: A-Frame 1 , Aframe-React 2 , three.js 3 , react-
vr 4 , WebXR Viewer 5 , and many others. It is essential to select
the one that best suits specific demands as each of these has unique
strengths and drawbacks.
In order to more effectively engage with web based data, analysts
are turning to immersive analytics. This type of analytics allows
users to interact with data in a 3D environment, which can make
complex data sets more understandable and easier to work with.
Since Web is the most widespread, dynamic, and independent
platform for producing and sharing information, we are investigat-
ing web-based solutions. Furthermore, immersive analytics can
assist analysts in identifying patterns and trends that conventional
two-dimensional (2D) representations might not make immediately
obvious. Immersive analytics remains as a young subject, but it is
expanding quickly as more companies become aware of the advan-
tages it may provide. Analysts must be aware of the many platforms
and tools available if they intend to benefit from this innovation. Ad-
ditionally, in order to make the most of immersive analytics, analysts
should have a solid grasp of how to apply it.
2 M ETHODOLOGY
A new and developing area of research our topic makes use of
VR and AR technology to provide consumers a more immersive
experience while engaging with data. We have used search en-
gines such as Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic Search, CiteSeer,
Web of Science, IEEE Xplore digital library, and The Collection of
Computer Science Bibliographies to identify publications related
to this subject. We concentrated on publications using the follow-
ing phrases ”web-based analytics,” ”immersive analytics,” and ”im-
mersive visualization techniques.” We have also looked through
conference proceedings on the subject to identify papers. Finding
the most recent research on a certain subject may be done with the
help of conference proceedings. By browsing through the citations
of other publications, we also discovered necessary papers.
Once the papers are found, each must be reviewed and assessed to
see whether they meet the requirements for placement in the paper
topic. Following the reading of all selected papers, further papers
were submitted as we realized which chapters should be included.
The papers that have been picked are the most current and pertinent.
They were also well-written and provide a useful summary of the
subject.
3 C ROSS - PLATFORM FOR CREATING WEB BASED APPLICA -
TIONS
Through the Document Object Model (DOM), libraries and tools
based on web based methods and frameworks enable the creation
of data interaction visualizations to be more shareable, reusable and
consumable components which could be connected with another
tools. The DOM represents a general level of abstraction, includ-
ing a set of built-in object functions and their properties, such as
formatting, geolocation, WebVR, data structures or real-time com-
munications.
1 https://aframe.io/
2 https://github.com/supermedium/aframe-react
3 https://github.com/mrdoob/three.js
4 https://https://github.com/facebookarchive/react-360
5 https://labs.mozilla.org/projects/webxr-viewer/

Figure 1: Process of connection frameworks, libraries and client.
The Web ecosystem also offers JavaScript as a runtime that en-
ables interaction between these functions and users in addition to the
DOM. All Web-based applications share a common language and
can communicate with one another and tools since they are created
on top of this abstraction layer. Consumption in this context encom-
passes interoperability and modification across tools and services as
well as basic information extraction and re-display. Apps developed
on the Web are actually consumable and may be loosely coupled to
other systems, in contrast to VR apps generated using a game engine
or even exporting them to Web Graphics Library (WebGL 6 ).
JavaScript 7 is used as a connector between VR and the DOM
which is provided by WebXR 8 and its predecessor WebVR API as
illustrated in Figure 1. WebVR is an open specification Application
Programming Interface (API) that has been receiving adoption from
browser vendors and it helps developers to use the HTML DOM for
creating VR/Mixed Reality (MR) applications that can be used in a
Web browser. This API was created in 2014 by Mozilla community
members and helped to create a framework for data visualization
on the web. The WebVR API provides input/output for VR HMDs
in a browser, such as Google Cardboard or Samsung Gear VR. In
addition, WebVR provides a platform that extends the range and
goes beyond the browser because it can identify the actual display
equipment and accompanying handheld controllers. The WebXR
API’s standards are still being worked on and could be changed.[2].
WebVR is currently a new technology, thus the standards are
continually being developed. Applications that depend on web
APIs to display VR/MR data must frequently be updated because
browser performance for WebVR is always evolving. This is and
will remain a crucial factor that programmers must keep in mind
before deciding to create their product with cutting-edge, exploratory
technologies and new formats like WebVR/XR. Developers can
employ a variety of standards, including WebGL, Augmented Reality
Markup Language (ARML) 9 , X3DOM 10 , and the more recent
WebVR, to make graphic material that is appropriate for VR and
MR on the Web[3].
4 M ETHODS AND FRAMEWORKS
There are many web based methods and frameworks that can be
used to enable an immersive analysis with AR (VR) technologies.
Some of the different methods and frameworks that can be used to
enable an immersive analysis through web-based applications with
immersive technologies include:
6 https://get.webgl.org/
7 https://www.javascript.com/
8 https://immersive-web.github.io/webxr-samples/
9 https://www.ogc.org/standards/arml
10 https://www.x3dom.org/
4.1 A-Frame
A-Frame (created 2015) is recognized as a web-based framework for
creating VR experiences. An entity component architecture called
A-Frame gives this framework a clear, extendable, and configurable
nature. It has a huge community, is open source, and is simple to
study. However, it does not support certain functionality that other
frameworks provide, such hand tracking and motion controllers.
Being on top of WebVR and JavaScript, A-Frame represents an
abstraction layer which can be used to build VR-based experiences
and web-based apps. One of the features of A-Frame is to add
interaction by allowing us to recognize when an item is being ”stared
at” or ”clicked on.” A-Frame could also rotate objects. For instance,
a sphere could be turned 360 degree on the Y axis using ”A-Frame-
animation.”
Various web apps employ A-Frame to show data in numerous
fields, including science, finance, and health. As an example of
using A-Frame in application we could consider health area. This
framework worked in conjunction with the three libraries, ggplot2,
node.js, and d3.js. These libraries include tools for reading datasets
that is used from open data health sources. The data, which can
be plotted in 3D, might be in JSON or CSV format. Utilizing ”A-
Frame and D3.js,” ”A-Frame and R(Shiny, Ggplot2),” and ”A-Frame
and Node.js” are three strategies for virtual reality. Developers can
simply build, alter, and deploy unique online virtual reality data
visualization by adding new features. Each component of suggested
methods are free and open source[4].
A-Frame is a library built on top of three.js, anything developers
do in three.js could be done in A-Frame as well. Since A-Frame is
one of the most popular immersive frameworks in the next subchap-
ters we will also consider comparison between other frameworks
and A-Frame.
4.2 Argon4
There are many JavaScript toolkits and packages that facilitate the
creation of MR media for the Web, including subsequently the
mobile Web. Argon4 (predecessor Argon was created in 2009)
framework is one of them. Argon system is inspired and motivated
by the standardization efforts in Web-based MR. The Web-based
MR standardization initiatives serve as both an inspiration and a
driving force behind the Argon system.
It is a framework that was initially created for the Argon browser
but currently supports other browsers that adhere to WebRTC stan-
dards. An open-standards browser - Argon4 is compatible with
iOS and Android and is suitable for displaying AR content made
with Argon.js. Three.js is being the most recent version of Ar-
gon.js that can include AR expansion and at the same time include
A-Frame/WebVR as an entity component system (ECS). Argon4
enables stereo vision with a Cardboard HMD or a similar device by
splitting the view.
4.3 Three.js
Three.js (created in 2010) is a free, open-source JavaScript 3D frame-
work that offers a variety of capabilities for building 3D apps that
are immersive. Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), the HTML5 canvas
element, or WebGL are the renderer technology used by three.js,
which also has a scene-graph, multiple cameras, navigational op-
tions, compatibility for customized shaders, and material support.
Due to its convoluted API, it could be difficult to comprehend and
use. The main goal of this framework is to create immersive visu-
alizations, which is generally made possible by lower level APIs
including three.js.
Three.js is more challenging framework than A-Frame, however
three.js has more functionality and versatility. By eliminating the
need to deal with tricky WebGL graphics coding, three.js makes
it simple to create effective 3D visuals, but it can be challenging
to develop more complicated apps. A-Frame extends three.js with
an entity-component structure and represents a 3D scene using the
DOM. Additionally, it offers out-of-the-box compatibility for web
immersive, whereas doing so with just three.js could be more diffi-
cult.
4.4 Aframe-React
Aframe-React (created 2015) is a immersive framework which makes
it possible for web-based products to use AR (VR) technology to
conduct 3D analyses. It is based on the React JavaScript framework
and enables programmers to build customizable user interface ele-
ments. Aframe-React makes it simple to develop AR experiences by
offering a straightforward approach of defining 3d graphics and enti-
ties. A number of integrated elements for interactivity, animations,
and audio are also included in this framework.
Aframe-React, which was introduced on the same day as A-
Frame, is a very thin layer that is placed on top of A-Frame to
integrate it with React. A-Frame utilizing references and the DOM
is passed to Aframe-React in order to send React properties. This
works because A-Frame’s characteristics may concurrently edit the
base 3D scene structure using semi data, such as entities, arrays, or
components. The 3D and VR-oriented entity-component structure of
A-Frame and the usability of React’s viewing and state management
are combined in Aframe-React to provide users the greatest of both
worlds without the drawbacks of using React for VR applications.
4.5 React-vr
React-vr (created in 2017) is one of methods and frameworks which
can be used to enable an immersive analysis through web-based
applications. The React-vr enables the developers to create VR expe-
riences using React. The React-vr takes care of the low-level details
such as lens distortion, that need to be considered while develop-
ing for VR. To achieve it people need to provide the specifications
of VR experience using components provided by React-vr. These
React components correspond to individual pieces of a typical VR
experience such as cylinders, boxes, or spheres. 3D models can also
be imported and interacted with using a controller component.
Since both React-vr and A-Frame are used to provide dynamic
WebVR experience to a client, they have many similarities and are
both open source frameworks. However, each method has a unique
combination of functions and tools that are designed to do a certain
task. Choose a trustworthy developing mobile applications agency to
create a React VR product if an application or website contains a
lot of 2D and 3D UI elements. It enables better user interaction and
opens up VR to more people. However, A-frame is more useful
when working with several 3D objects and making sure they are
seamlessly integrated into situations. The framework is being used
by a variety of well-known and prosperous companies to create
interactive motion and realism in 3D objects.
4.6 WebXR Viewer
There are many different ways to create an immersive analysis ex-
perience using web-based immersive technologies. One popular
method is to use a web-based MR viewer, such as WebXR Viewer
(created in 2018) from Mozilla.
WebXR Viewer allows developers to create MR experiences that
can be viewed in a web browser without the need for any special
hardware or software. This makes it ideal for creating prototypes and
demos of immersive applications, as well as for sharing VR content
with others. WebXR Viewer supports a wide range of features, in-
cluding 6DoF tracking, HMD support, and hand input. Additionally,
it has constructed compatibility for MR frameworks including A-
Frame and Three.js.
4.7 VRIA
VRIA (created in 2020) is a web-based visualization package that
leverages A-Frame and React and it is a grammatical method in-
spired by Vega-Lite to construct immersive analytics capabilities
for virtual reality. Generally speaking, VRIA has the next char-
acteristics, obtained from impacts from past work, outlined in the
following section: It is totally constructed using open-standards Web
technology. By utilizing web applications and WebVR’s progres-
sive individual characteristics, it obtains independence of platform.
Enables toolkits more approachable and interoperable with other
visualizations by using a descriptive syntax resembling Vega-lite.
Creates marketable, accessible, and composable immersive visual-
ization products that are available via the HTML DOM and could
be quickly integrated into other apps.
Offers different development routes through:
i) a free, all-inclusive visualization creation toolkit includes the
VRIA Builder that is supplied with VRIA and appropriate for users
without any programming knowledge;
ii) through a programming interface designed for professional
developers.
In order to make visualization prototype, cellular data, and inter-
face configuration easier, VRIA employs a prescriptive approach for
specifying visualization forms using straightforward configuration
settings. We consider the different development pathways that VRIA
visualization creation pipeline offers for rookie, moderate, and ex-
perienced developers. A specialized visualization generator is an
optional component of the workflow, a web-based tool that enables
developers to quickly create immersive analytics events and import
customized visualization setups. Through the use of the VRIA API,
these setups could be further altered to produce fresh, immersive
representations.
4.8 Libraries and standards
Web-based visualization libraries have evolved significantly in re-
cent years, thanks to advances in web standards and the availability
of powerful web browsers. Today, it is possible to create highly
interactive and immersive visualizations that can be experienced
directly in a web browser.
WebGL is a web standard that allows for powerful 3D graphics
to be rendered directly in a web browser. This enables the creation
of extremely realistic and comprehensive graphics. WebGL is used
by many popular visualization libraries, such as three.js.
VRML 11 (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) is another web
standard that allows for the creation of 3D environments. VRML
files can be viewed directly in many web browsers, and they can
also be imported into other applications, such as Unity or Unreal
Engine, for further processing.
X3DOM (Extensible 3D Document Object Model) is an open
source library that enables the use of HTML5 and WebGL to create
interactive 3D scenes. X3DOM scenes can be embedded directly
into web pages, making them easy to share and experience.
BabylonJS 12 is a JavaScript library that provides an easy-to-use
API for creating 3D applications and games. BabylonJSscenes can
be embedded.
5 S YSTEMS WHICH USE IMMERSIVE VISUALIZATION METH -
ODS
In the past few years, we have seen a surge in the use of web
based immersive analytics applications. All those are programs that
make people engage with data in a virtual setting. When attempting
to grasp complicated sets of data, this form of engagement may be
really beneficial. Tools for immersive analytics on the web come in
a few distinct varieties.
The first type is known as a desktop application. This type of
application is typically installed on a user’s computer and can be
used without an internet connection. People can use a variety of im-
mersive frameworks including this type. Some of the most popular
11 https://www.web3d.org/
12 https://www.babylonjs.com/
include: A-Frame, three.js, Unity, and Unreal Engine. We consid-
ered the first two frameworks in the previous chapter and already
know that three.js is more complex than A-Frame but offers more
features and flexibility. Others two frmaeworks not created specif-
ically for web applications but they are used in creating desktop
app. VR projects may be made by using Unity, a commercial game
platform. It provides a huge selection of features and technology to
make high-quality VR experiences possible.
The second type of web based immersive analytics application
is known as a cloud-based application. Applications of this type
run on distant servers and need a connection to the internet to work.
Some popular cloud-based data visualization platforms for this type
include: Tableau 13 , Qlik 14 , SAS Visual Analytics 15 .
The third and final type of web based immersive analytics appli-
cation is known as a hybrid application. Hybrid applications are a
combination of both desktop and cloud-based applications. Some
frameworks are better suited for hybrid cloud-based applications
such as A-Frame, while others work better for desktop applications
such as Unreal Engine. This method is a commercial game engine
with similar features to Unity. Although less costly than Unity, it
nonetheless provides a strong set of tools for building VR apps.
There are several advantages to employing this kind of software,
regardless of the kind of web-based immersive analytics solution
employed. Some of the benefits include the ability to visually ex-
plore data, the ability to interact with data in a natural way, and the
ability to share data with others in a virtual environment.
Business analytics tools of a special generation include web-based
immersive analytics systems. They enable people to explore and
comprehend complicated information by utilizing their hands and
bodies in a simple and natural manner. This type of interaction is
especially well suited to large data sets or those that are difficult to
visually represent. By providing a more immersive experience, these
applications can help users gain insights that would be otherwise
hidden.
Web-based immersive analytics tools are becoming increasingly
popular as a way to visualize and interact with data. These tools
provide an immersive, 3D experience that allows users to explore
data in a new way. Numerous web-based IA technologies are avail-
able, every with special features and capacities. Here, we look at a
handful of the most common choices.
A web-based software platform called XOOM enables the de-
velopment, personalization, and analysis of web-based Walking in
VR (WIVR) virtual tours, often known as ”XOOM experiences”
(X-Experiences). A series of one or more seamlessly integrated 360
degree movies enhanced with unique interactive features is referred
to as a ”X-Experience”[5].
Tools including XOOM: An End-User Development Tool for
Web-based Wearable Immersive Virtual Tours are supported by the
A-Frame framework, which creates a high level abstraction to resolve
graph digital objects with the least amount of difficulty feasible. If
A-Frame abilities are insufficient, our system handles the issue by
trying to leverage the Three.js directly beneath layer, and inevitably,
it can query the WebGL library for virtual content modification.
An environment called Flex-ER was created to make it simple
to share immersive analytics interaction methods and user research.
Users can prototype, test, and conduct user studies for immersive
data analytics with Flex-ER. It is based on the Vega standard and
combines the specification of the visual analytics, the interaction
methods, and the trial tasks into distinct sections using a single
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) 16 file. With its modular design
and reliance on WebVR technology, it enables users to select from a
variety of platforms to test interaction strategies and representations
13 https://www.tableau.com/
14 https://www.qlik.com/us/
15 https://www.sas.com
16 https://www.json.org/
while maintaining the same tasks across all interfaces. We anticipate
that Flex-ER will reduce the difficulty of developing new experi-
mental platforms and establish a common platform for assessing
immersive interactive visualizations multiple platforms[6].
In general, complex game engines such as Unity and Babylon.js
as well as general-purpose lower level APIs - three.js and its lower
entity abstraction layer A-Frame allow for the creation of immersive
visualizations. High level specifications, such as those based on data
flows, have also been investigated to specify interaction strategies.
Unit specifies the dataflow in order to separate the interface layer
from an application. React1 is used to program the Flex-Er user
interfaces. The libraries BabylonJS and three.js, which run on top
of WebVR, WebXR, and WebGL, constitute the foundation for the
3D visualizations. It has client-server architecture. The designer
and the runner are both hosted by the clients. Web sockets are the
foundation for the server and client communications.
New accessible tools for virtual reality are HMDs such as the
Oculus Rift, a Google Glass or Microsoft HoloLens, and also smart-
phones for AR porposes, are the most visible technological ad-
vancements that enable immersive visualization. These enable data
visualization to be practically incorporated into the actual world and
facilitate immersive 3D data visualization[7].
6 V ISUALIZATION TECHNIQUES
Immersive situational graphics are made possible via augmented
reality. By blending with the physical environment, these visualiza-
tions give the user the impression that the virtual items are actually
there. In this chapter we will consider several visualization tech-
niques available in immersive situated visualizations.
6.1 Bar Charts
The Egocentric Bar Chart combines a virtual 360 degree bar chart
set up around the viewer and virtual bar set in a real landscape. An
immersive bar chart that is placed in a circle around the user is called
an egocentric bar chart. Every bar in the graph has a related bar
in the environment that connects them. The viewer can swivel 360
degrees and observe the bars on the chart as well as the landscape
with the same horizontal alignment.
A 360 degree virtual maps featuring bar charts is combined with
bars on a real landscape in the Circular Map with Bars. A virtual
map of the immediate area that is circumferentially placed around
the user is what is meant by a Circular Map with Bars. 3D bar
images are displayed on the circular map; each bar has a relative in
the background[8].
Since lot of bars inserted in a landscape are seen out of a higher
vantage point, it is ideal to examine both representations from a
topographic elevation or a tall building. We anticipate that both
these visualization techniques will be useful if the objective is to ob-
tain an in-person view of the surrounds when the watching distance
is constrained by obstructing terrain or other barriers. User may
efficiently evaluate specific point values and facilitate the discovery
of spatial distribution patterns by combining virtual bars placed in
the real environment with a virtual map or chart. These two visuals
may be used to examine the position and characteristics of a single
point as well as comprehend the spatial and non-spatial patterns of a
group of points. The Circular Map with Bars visualization has room
for development, but the Egocentric Bar Chart view performs best
when estimating and comparing data.
6.2 Node-Link Graph
Node-Link Graph represent networks and tree visualizations. Node-
link diagrams are a typical visual representation of neural networks.
The essential ideas of synapses and neurons are readily shown as
edges and nodes inside a node-link diagram. As a result, the depic-
tion closely resembles its biological counterpart in Artificial Neural
Network (ANN)[9]. A convolution ANN trained on the dataset of

handwritten characters is shown as a 3D node-link diagram in the
web-based representation. Users may input their chosen numbers
into the network and instantly see how each neuron responds since
each one’s color corresponds to its activation value. Additionally,
colored lines are used to represent the weights of all synapses, and
the learnt filtering kernel can be seen.
One significant obstacle is the growing size and complexity of
ANNs, which is presumably the reason wide scale node-link visual-
izations have not been explored more frequently. There are millions
of connections and thousands of neurons in contemporary ANNs. A
network of that magnitude would be extremely cluttered and difficult
to understand if it were crudely shown in 2D. Although a 3D repre-
sentation solves the issue, a 2D display still has the same drawbacks.
Hardware for virtual reality has recently decreased in price, making
it possible to utilize it in regular work settings. We can utilize all
three spatial dimensions more effectively if visualization is immedi-
ately displayed in 3D. Strong indications have also been shown that
deeper levels of immersion improve performance on specific data
processing activities.
6.3 Parallel Coordinate Plots
To discover patterns in a complicated and multidimensional dataset,
it is feasible to create an efficient and engaging Parallel Coordinates
Plot (PCP) model. With PCP, a new data-analytics toolbox has been
added that provides effective features. These include an automated
approach for clustering, a ranking of the axes based on relevance
in respect to a selected cluster tag assignment, and an arranging
of the axes predicated on a correlation marker attribute. These
characteristics all help and direct the user in identifying patterns in
multivariate datasets.
The primary plot of the PCP is made up of a number of data ele-
ments, each of which is represented by a number of line-connected,
dynamic, component cubes. The Z-axis is then used to organize
these data points in identical increments[10]. Each active cube dis-
plays a specific value for a data point in a specified dimension. The
dataset’s dimensions are represented by the number of rows of cubes.
By using the single-pinch or double-pinch gestures while looking at
these interactive cubes, people may choose either the data point on
the PCP or the complete dataset dimension across all data objects.
6.4 Scatterplots
Either three or less dimensions chosen using the PCP plot may be
used to produce the 3D scatter plot. Similar to how they would with
the main PCP, the user may interact with the scatter plot. Moreover,
depending on a chosen clustering technique, the user can choose a
group of points. Long before the first applications of immersion,
there was debate regarding the usage of 3D scatterplots[11]. A
3D representation enables quicker cognitive model development,
decreased overplotting, and sharper spatial distinction. However,
difficulties with navigation, perspective deformation, geometrical,
and occlusion have caused many researchers to downplay its value.
There is a lot of discussion on how to depict dimensionally re-
duced data using 3D scatterplots. Although research attempting to
quantify the advantages from visual analysis have produced con-
flicting findings, adding an additional component may be able to
lessen information loss during the process. Apart from the stere-
opsis, advantages of immersion include a more natural connection
and an egocentric perspective of the data that will make up for the
3D difficulties and improve understanding of distances and outliers
in data. In the immersive method, the categorization accuracy is
statistically higher.
6.5 Geographic
Geographic: Real-world geometry representations. Comparatively
to a visual display without immersion, using immersive visualiza-
tion to examine geographic data can increase engagement rates with
Table 1: Benefits of web based IA.
Benefits Extension
Web-based immersive analytics provide
Increased en- a more engaging and interactive expe-
1 gagement and rience for users, which can lead to in-
interaction creased understanding and retention of
information.
By utilizing web-based technologies, or-
Enhanced visu- ganizations can create enhanced visual-
2
alizations izations that better communicate data
and insights.
Can be accessed by anyone with
Greater accessi- an internet connection, making them
3
bility more widely available than traditional
desktop-based solutions.
Can often be provided as a subscription
service, which can save organizations
4 Reduced costs
money compared to traditional software
licensing models.
Web-based solutions are often more flex-
Increased flexi- ible than their desktop counterparts, al-
5
bility lowing organizations to tailor the experi-
ence to their specific needs.
the virtual environment. By expanding the immersive quality of
the experience using alternate interfaces, IA aims to improve the
method that data is evaluated. The interface need not be visual; it
might be auditory or an interface for a different sense. For instance,
a VR HMD or a huge array of displays can boost immersion[12].
Geospatial representations and weather prediction algorithms were
linked into an immersive analytics solution. VR content helps raise
public understanding of climate change. Using involvement, Virtual
Geographic Environments (VGEs) may make geographic knowledge
simpler to grasp. Through data visualization, interactivity, coopera-
tive technologies, and by enabling specialists to simulate and model
geographic operations from within the system, virtual geographic
environments may transmit multi-dimensional data. To examine the
information given, domain-specific specialists must engage with 3D
and 2D data visualizations. Improved tools are needed to aid in the
study and investigation of large data, and future immersive analytics
systems would benefit from knowing more about what visualizations
are appropriate for jobs.
7 B ENEFITS OF WEB BASED IA
Using 3D analytics based on web has various advantages. Web-based
IA improves data understanding, provides strong availability, offers
adaptable solutions, and may help enterprises save costs (Table 1).
There are several actions that may be taken in order to use web-
based immersive analytics to make improved decisions (Table 2).
Data visualizations may aid provide new perspectives on patterns
and trends. To learn more about a situation in depth, people might
go further into niche topics of interest.
8 L IMITATIONS
There are several potential limitations of web-based immersive ana-
lytics. The technology is still developing and can still have problems
or kinks that need to be worked out. Additionally, web-based im-
mersive analytics may require a lot of bandwidth and processing
power, which could make it difficult to use on lower-end devices.
Another possibility is that the immersion might not be as effective
on a web-based platform as it would be in person or using virtual
reality technology. Security threats are always a possibility while
 Table 2: Actions for better decisions.
Actions Benefits
Data visualizations can help to
Use data visualizations
see patterns and trends in data
1 to understand data bet-
that people may not have been
ter
able to see before
By being able to interact with
data, users can drill down into
Use interactivity to ex-
2 specific areas of interest and get
plore data further
a more detailed understanding
of what is going on
By collaborating with others,
Use collaboration tools
people can get different perspec-
3 to work with others on
tives on a problem and come up
making decisions
with better solutions
working with online technology. Technological concerns include
a low degree of immersion (lags), low realism, low resilience (e.g.
crashes) or poor usability can create acceptance problems. The cost
of developing and maintaining immersive learning programs that
offer a larger level of realism and immersion is higher. There are
instances where the expense of immersive technology does not out-
weigh its advantages, when it is used infrequently or in a course with
low enrollment[13]. Utilizing a virtual world might have certain
negative physical or psychological effects, such as some users expe-
riencing sickness, migraines, dizziness, or balance problems. Virtual
reality headsets, 3D glasses, controllers, and earbuds are examples
of possible pathogens that might spread between users.
There are a number of ways to tackle these limitations. It is
important to ensure that data is collected in a way that is accessible,
easy to use, accurate and representative of the user population. This
can be done by ensuring that data is collected from a variety of
sources, including user feedback surveys, customer support logs, and
server logs. Also data should be properly processed and analyzed.
9 C ONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
Generally, web-based immersive analytics is an efficient approach
which might give businesses reliable data representations in order
to make improvements in wide areas. Furthermore, it can aid people
in properly comprehending intricate sets of data. Although the tech-
nology has several drawbacks, such as a high cost and the necessity
for special equipment, they are insignificant in comparison to its
possible advantages. The usage of this technology in future web
applications has massive promise. It has become a fundamental
technology for managing big data.
A number of libraries and frameworks have already been created,
and web technologies offer a viable option. The most widely used
data visualization tools today are mostly built on open standards and
come from the Web technologies environment. Utilizing cutting-
edge visual elements improves decision-making capacity. It is a
path that appears to be appealing to investors and experts in data
visualization.
We have considered which platform can be used to create web
based applications connected with Immersive Analytics, different
methods and frameworks to build all Web-based applications, and
since they are built on top of this abstraction layer, we have figured
out that they share a common language, and can be consumed by
each other, or other tools. Also considered what kind of benefits
of using web-based immersive analytics and how to use it to make
better decisions.
Through web services that use AR (VR) technology, there are
several approaches to perform an immersive analysis. To make the
most of these tools, it is essential to pick the proper approach or
framework for a certain situation. We hope that this paper has helped
to learn about some of the different options available and provided
ability to find the one that best suits users need.
Furthermore, overcoming limitations of web-based immersive
analytics provide interesting directions for future work.
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