Name Key Period Date | AcIDs & BASES AP Chemistry - 16.3 Directions: Complete the following questions related to acids and bases. Show all work. 1. Identify the Bronsted-Lowry acid and the Brensted- eet Lowry base in the following reaction pid ¥ Oo —2 6 -@ Identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base in the same reaction, ee Q-H @-x 3. The following diagrams represent aqueous solutions of two Gp-na @-H0" gee monoprotic acids, HA (A = X or Y). The water molecules have been omitted for clarity. Ex a oe. eo 2 a. Which is the stronger acid, HX or HY? @ eo ¢ " aa ae b. Which is the stronger base, X’ or Y? @ on x aie ¢. If you mix equal concentrations of HX and NaY,, will the equilibrium HX(aq) + Y (aq) 5 HY(aq) + X'(aq) lie mostly to the right (Ke > 1) or to the left (Ke < 1)? web, Ke HGH + on 8. Predict the products of the following acid-base reactions, and predict whether the equilibrium lies to the left or to the right. a O%(aq) + HOM S OWT + OT chght b. CHCOOH(aq) + HSYeq) = pS + Chhacoo” right c. NOz(aq) + HOW 5 NO, + OW leh + 9. Calculate [H’] for each of the following solutions, and indicate whether the solution is acidic, basic, or neutral Ao. o a. [OH] = 0.00045 M On ee - 4 b. [OH]=8.8x10°M =|. K 1D. Gay V0" cc. [OH] = 100x greater than [H"] a ( (sos) p oO oO “ = a le =) a por ~ de pet = ™Name: Yey— Period: Date: | STRONG AciDs & BASES AP Chemistry — 16.5 Directions: Complete the following questions related to acids and bases. Show all work 1. The following diagrams represent aqueous solutions of three acids, HX, HY, and HZ. The water molecules have been omitted for clarity, and the hydrated proton is represented as a simple sphere rather than as a hydronium ion (H20*). Which of the acids is a strong acid? Explain. HX 1 comple tely Jissoctoved Nhe BY ond VO ° HZ + ee a| 20 @ a? ae @. 20 @ Ms @ 2 @,°%, eo +? 2. If NaOH is added to water, how does each of the following change? a TH+] dewease b PH imevesse 3. Calculate the molar concentrations of H’(aq) and OH (aq) for a solution of pH = 5.2. fw]. 67S Garo -4 fowl \er= 2KW . 4. Complete the following table by calculating the missing values, and indicate whether each solution is acidic or basic. | HT [OH] pH | pOH Acidic or Basic? | 7.8x10° M 13 x16™ iz: W.88 acdic | ZBrW% | 36x10" 450 | ay esidce | Beco’ | ps | 825 ee | Gk S.onot 20nd" 5.70 | baw. | 5. The average pH of arterial blood is 7.40. At normal body temperature (37 °C), Kw = 2.4x10"9. Calculate [H*], [OH], and pOH for blood at this temperature. = <2 2410 for fon'] Br]s [oT saerto bu ]= ees = GOR ou siaGudee 1226. Which of the following are not strong acids? HD (NaOH) Hol HBr (AF) Po.) 7. What is the pH of the following strong acid solutions? a. 8.5x10®M HNO; an ? Ei Ss) =( 2.00 Nog GS 94 >) (201 ) b. 1.52 g of HNOs in 575 mL of solution 7 SZ HMes| (wet. o.ozt=*! — g @HAM HN, = OOFIMH ee tay lat =C8) 8. Calculate [OH] and pH for each ofthe following a 15x10? M Sr(OH)z S - 5 for [= son pie We pou. 252 . 2.250 9 of LiOH in 250.0 mL of solution Ba = Oop! 9g BTe MT pits 13.5¢ a My 250 pow = ON 9. Calculate the concentration of an aqueous solution of NaOH that has a pH of 11.50. = aa. > phen BS Guy. yeh. Gan) 10. Calculate the concentration of an aqueous solution of Ca(OH). that has a pH of 12.50 pote \WWAISO= 1. iiss ; (Ort - {0 = Oome is Ponts) FaName: Fay Period: Date: WEAK AciDs & BASES AP Chemistry - 16.8 Directions: Complete the following questions related to weak acids and bases. Show all work. 1 In which of the following cases is the approximation that the equilibrium concentration of H*(aq) is small Telatve to the initial concentration of HA likely to be the most valid? Explain your choice. \ Iii [HA] = 0100 Mand Ka=toxios smallest Fo B. Initial [HA] = 0.100 M and Ka = 1.0x10+ ©. Initia [HA] = 0.100 M and Ka = 4.0x10° HX ‘The following diagrams represent aqueous eee solutions of three acids, HX, HY, and HZ. The @ + water molecules have been omitted for ciarty, and | @ e the hydrated proton is represented as a simple + ‘sphere rather than as a hydronium ion. e @ 2 e @. Which acid would have the smallest K,? b. Which solution would have the highest pH? HK and Z: in order of increasing basicity ©. Rank the anions, 4. Which ofthe anions ould have the greatest base-dissociation constant, Ks? ‘Write the chemical equation and Ke expression for the ionization of each ofthe following acids in aqueous solution. Show the reaction with hydronium ions, - - ¥a> Li'l foo a HBO: wor (YBeOr + WrO ae Uyoh + BeOl Teo] ». CsHscOOH aie _ [Eavstoel itso") CHC + MO EFCaYsCOO” + HOT o> Jearscout] Write the chemical equation and Ks expression for the ionization of each of the following bases in aqueous solution, a Dimethylamine, (CHoja! CHD, NH + ost CHAN 0H” Dimethyiamine, (CHy:NH— (( WD NH + Heo ise elfeantha) ee a aT b. Carbonate ion, COs? [eon ed On + Ose WONG rot Lactic acid, CHsCH(OH)COOH, has one acidic hydrogen. A 0.10 M solution of lactic acid has a pH of 2.44. Calculate Ke, Ss (reoskont Whee pre er We pes <— Ws 4en6 3 20 0 So a -* eee ie (p16) -* Bey” — 3ox(0 7 aioe ee6. A0.100 M solution of chloroacetic acid (CICH2COOH) is 11.0% ionized. Using this information, calculate [CICH2COO}, [H"], [CICH2COOH], and Ks for chloroacetic acid. C\CH, coo H ——> BT + CICH2CoOT Kas ony ) D eq! borin ae -oll ferconseel = TWl= 0.04 Fercuacoav]= 9.044 7. particular sample of vinegar has a pH of 2.90. If acetic acid is the jar contains (Ke=1.8x10), calculate the concentration of acetic acid in the vinegar. CH COOH > HY + CHACODT euceee a+ Fayence} ferscootl [aoe fw \er?= oct ferrcoot] \ Sue (gor@ayoords Geyer) 8. Saccharin, a sugar substitute, is a weak acid with pK, = 2.32 at 25 °C. It ionizes in aqueous solution as: HNCrHsSOs(aq) 5 H*(aq) + NC7H«SOs(aq) arnt 3 Kee \d = agate What is the pH of a 0.10 M solution of this substance? HAS We AT 3 > Leonie yaitel 10 2 8 oe oe. ia AG) Equi}. Wo-* Pere ee a IE INS X= 0.024 Pp 9. Calculate the pH and [OH:] in a 0.075 M solution of ethylamine (C2HsNHz; Ke = 6.4x10*). Calls MMe HS OSE Gavgtl3 » OF” : 2 ain QOTS-F x x G4 xi x Cogs oTS Jos (*) 3 f 1a te xe 6.9910 HER 410. Codeine (CrstH2:NOs) is a weak organic base. A 5.0x10 M solution of codeine has a pH of 9.95. Caiculate the value of K; for this substance. Whats the PKs for this base? polt= 14 ~F-55 = of.00 B+ Wo =? BH + on” so 5 Ss for} =) ot 84x10 Sons Cin equ Baqi fev! Syl) NG Ks: io Ke 2 gaye? 1160 arr eeaeeee 11. Given that Ks for acetic acid (CHsCOOH) is 1.810% and that for hypochlorous acid (HCIO) is 3.0x10*. @ Which isthe stronger acie? CH. Coot b. Which is the stronger base, the acetate ion or thechyfochlorite for? c\o~ © Calculate Ke for CHsCOO and CIO. koe 3.3410" te 5-bx(0""Name: ex Period: Date | OTHER ACIDS & BASES AP Chemistry - 16.11 Directions: Complete the following questions related to other topics of acids and bases. 1. The falowingcagram represents an aqueous solution formed by lssovng a sodium sat | — @ @ of a weak acid in water. The diagram shows only the Nat ions, the X- ions, and the HX. molecules. What ion is missing from the diagram? If the drawing is completed by drawing | ° all the ions, how-many of the missing ions should be shown? ow @ 2 \ c+ W20 > HY + ws Cow one \ ¥aMe eo. (68 2. The following diagram represents the reaction of PCi* with Cl. Draw the Lewis structures for the reactants and products, and identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base in the reaction. <8 +@- @ 7 @ 3. Rank the following acids in order of increasing acidity: CH3COOH, CH:CICOOH, CHClCOOH, CCCOOH, CFCOOH. ee shim TE +fey) BS e-4 (s et t wf we CHg Coot , CHCICOOW, CHALCOH, CC\,coott, CFzCoo # Ceo eekr steals} 4. Calelte [0H end pH forthe folowing solutions, given the information forthe weak acd. a. 0.40MNaCN HON(aq) 5 H*/aq) + CNYad) Ka=4.9x10"° CNT + Wo Hew sot YL bot es gore” ae HOS rom Ge Ke. oT Ye x x 2 _ oa S zs & awl = 38x10" pit= Ns¥ 5. Predict whether aqueous solutions of the following compounds are acidic, basic, or neutral a NHB eehic b. Feth ocihic Mato c. NaxCOs vasic KCI neutral £ @. NaHC:0, aisbuv, tot enough 16. Sorbic acid (CsH7COOH) is a weak monoprotic acid with K, = 1.7x10-. Its salt (potassium sorbate) is added to cheese to inhibit the formation of mold, What isthe pH of a solution containing 11.25 g of potassium ‘sorbate in 1.75 L of solution? " “ fo Ca HyCoo + Heo => WavzCrk sO = Nar 2 5.4410 0 $1,254 Cohyoook. : a oe Co ytee 7. Explain the following observations. ‘a, HNOsis a stronger acid than HNOz weve sxyyes b. H:Sisa stronger acid than HO << s \ewyer sto Guest, Wt ys eum ¢. H2SOs is a stronger acid than HSO¢ meneqreee—er 4d. HzSOcis a stronger acid than HiSeOs Sis mere 12. Ifa substance is a Lewis acid, is it necessarily an Arthenius acid? (\< 13. Identify the Lewis acid and Lewis base among the reactants in each of the following reactions. a Fe(C\Os)ais) + 6 HOW) 5 Fe(H20)s**(aq) + 3 ClO«(aq) ou west b. CN(aq + nego 53 HCN(ag) + OH (aq) i ae ©. (CHa)eNig) + BFajg) %5 (CHs)sNBFo(s) re” “on