pA _—-miesopwoceasos 18. @ __ Compusen __proceagos__ininere__ the __da+a. psocesaing- dogie 8 Control _i8 ineluded on _& Single 1 —iersegs areal Cisevit 1 05 a Smash ____numbes_ob- integrated _ckt + - = . as the micsopsoeeasys contains _4the___asithma tie , 1—slogie 8 _ComtooL __Ciseultey _wequized __—40.__ pes tw3m_the_bunction__ ob 0_¢om putent'B centro _ ——psocesaing unit + __-Euotudion eb. tip 2? 1) __Fisat 0p }8__ tn rée___ 4004 Which _ig_4 bit pros. or > in_19%1 | by anréL__cospoxation 1 Ob4O1 thid —_4N4¢]__4.040__was___imtyadueed , whieh _i8 aduance _ wesSiom eb 4004 up (2a pit top ie O the bivats 8 bit sep ig invented __im__ 193.2. = 1 whith ~ ia 2008 “p+ 2? i+ _ig__pmos “technology 1 whith _i8- _vexy SLOW. One not __ Compatible! with 7Tu. technology +— 1973 _imte|_-_imteoduced most powers buds — ip es 8080 sep, based om. nmos ell > -dvautbatks 9 it 18) needed. a owes Supply +— 804 194s intel ae 8085 yp, tid ——__i8 _odvanen _vevton ob 8080 usp + a 7 - fea ee —_4 eg 8 Nmos -_echnotogy sat _ — 4 > it ia ___-u8ed_ =e +5 wertape ae sata = a > 1g bit ip > im 1998 indebe “ indaodlu seeds ay Vil Boge utp ry = aL : ol” waite aa eos | Prnemeey oenes week : we fmemosy ] the it p 13 en tsal, processing unit ot Computen» it 18 - O& heat eb Computer _@ wer know), 9 9 ft 8 8 bit sup => “NraS__teehmn0 log + >. +tSu Supply . 1 > 40.pin 1¢ > > BMINz Clock signae It hows thxee im poxtant _Seetion 17 ALU > + 4-5 AND, . KOR 1 Shibts Rotate: is > it pestosmn ath operon ob Additan 1 2 SubtrOtHion 1 AND 4 *OR 1 SHIbt, Ro-tode +Lo iming—unit.i-t >it 1@ SeeHom 0b pu 1 which gensate | timing. 8 Cantrot signal Which qvub ____meceg gon fos th@ execution ob inAtwuction + tt control the dota, blow blu) epu to ___phesiphesab —deulee (memosys pene obilue ese) i) i = ae ow used by bp Wo. B Un eh rorany —_stenage Obs the data». data_wemains il__-the Ow - Said do be ——in__the_-segistor_ memosy_os__i[ Po le deuiaes » bo dae _esmpute a i’ the mno-. 0b seg iOton io move 8 © hemea. progsarn_wequixch (ag —__Hrandbor _eb__data_40_& trom __the memosy + —2—'n__$matt_¢ormputer___-the_mo+ ob segiatos —____leao_ + dus do the __Bimiscal. 8ize_bbs Chips —(U___omé_» 8 bit wegidtos_-» necumulatos LA) in __ong_808s up. ee the _weauit 18 Ltosed tn _Aceurnulatovs E@soa bit Yensob purpose . | H @ Us —. 1 1 vould pon wegiantens Im 9085 ep axe tore Sowing 16 bi data > 6¢, 9€ B hu,(«9 — to = bi 12 thia #4 alto a_i type _0b- agi gt0%s + ions gy ti a — + pe. gtosed the. Qolebuts__ob-_“next__inatrucHon__ __Whith ia to __ be executed + in : ; ’ ' j (te bith eral poianie 5? tal hidh 14 ved toe o+ack + stack» u fa e tnt * stack fa + group. 1 ef “memory tocoHon + + sed tae +02 0b_binonty + inbox madtom —__ = dusing the __€xe eu to ob pogo + stack _fobfowd__vi fo + only _uaed lo? Stosing 9 _setriving —feut____1* mot \lee__data._Stowegé + damabor+ ! stack inatcuetton 29 O___uxt Spi . 2 thia jnatsuetion wide _debines the! begining _ _bt_S+ack + > Uged_\ to .exéate 0 in ttiakize | the 9p in —registex. e bn a fata UxT 4 Spi tb “hit adaxesa > __ © _pusn rel pre. deesement) 6 ay — * RPLR giates pod = mi tha imatevetion copies: thes _-contenta ob eps to—__ Sticks 30 ee \ = fos every push = a PH _daesement Spt __push Bec+—LAT Spi, FF push 6 Free = t ‘ ; rere a) ee pu msg va aR }BAPD ex pee€ Peer ——{lthpep—Rp i= Pe =i %__useéd_ Fos __ wt tule the__flemen+3__' ¢towed!__fn____ NO Khe at eee A eprent ren pineal —___+_fex__euexy _po gota 2 Buse 7 feom eee ‘1 i. , mmesemest SP e+ 1 byte Prom _¢+ack to. Rey + _inosement sp, oes BE 30 |_+F so 121+ ___holds the. the Jn tsvet'on > Whieh ta being ceeded § — __enteuded : - _—_—__ - - - — _——|)__-ing_—segingon 22 ante) gods contains tert _—40_Senve as Staten tag: = a a 2 6 6 + 3: 9 0 as a : Ls Je] enc xP [x a a ae 25 PE prragirann stars 0 —_—— _ a s oeiu os tomy > 1 p> panty _Lodat_{ ie even. tb’ euen mo+ _pb-» oes: _pnOm_p2t. AdxiLiony. COHMY. . ; C z=’ yewo : me J $= sign bite Lip eres [ Ott 2 (140, 00 9 {ooo athe Coeds olla ’ 1 G ese eauiy (6) = 0 but Ar¢+ 2 bine [sz Te fe[e Tr [x fe]5 Caen ee a PSN Ale > _pddwega__lateh pin _émabie pins, to__demuthplex data. g-ealip_ot- bitQ > word Petup—et-4 ltt ——a_t-_ndabe _____ ee 8 Se e pchoics i = Bo byte, Hy Dt py 0+ Ds Do or Do: lag ‘ . [er of'f{tto da [o] nul (wis) A 422 rope, : if 2 O-8 2 ia 0-3 : aoe ack ; 7 St le ie biti fa scivcssii A5 32 0-3 n orl rea, b oy o- 6S 9 Ste o-St id 7 (20 0-127 to (024 age ENED | pie 8 asb ofass u boyd 7 0- 20H/leK : : _ to 4096 uk I a. gt E = Jak [ eth Tt at : t Fi wis pT det te bs E ae 2 tle ace pene E - ae [= ae es ee ———$__— pPPD.0). 0099, — 0009, (cong FOO a &. et “ tt cy ty FPP Ee He Le ze ee aN eee oe — Boas ts p { prom i testlteotiree, Px09sam> set ob _inatsuction, whith saz, _in_memory- a Petting > dace im > Aertenlexecutiomy Te Lansreverion ¢ yue) 1 Sevens 8 bit o> opRy (Bre oe, eu RAT (wenvas iE : ae s puspess cegiatex 7, = Addis > 1G bids,p> Oddo eb ToS (Top __ob_sta ck), ee A= ___accumylotor seg jade TR= Temposny —.egidte ss a Avy > _axithmatic ogi¢_usict ___28_2__antauetion weg iaten Subiee a $1 = gexiob __ilp dauice, StD= sesiat, _olp_daulee +, __anstiuetiom cycle 1 Am _ingteuetlon __i8 a Command given 0-0. compute to peslosn_S.peci bled opexatinn __om. qiven dota, $0 the _ meresgaxe step 18 that a epuy casuiy out _do__beteh ad nt eHon _§ dasa, __teorm__-the_—mm@_ memory _ Ee exteustd ros m__am_inSteuetion cycle» Te = eet €C ——the___time,_reguised __to_beteh $ opeoda gy ——_bixed __Stott __o tine _1_ushilé__the_4ime._-wequined. _ —__4o__exenude_@__inatxuetton__is__wanjable which dapends upon thé _ ty pee _in@hruttom 18 oo & he __@xecuttd_ 1= vee x tT HotD. %2— 9/2 ee 38 re ant 3 5 3] ein Reser OVE Bb <— Reger in Soo. oo ‘BS <— Ready io xi ett co tol RITE — I ; 33] == RST OS _¢ | & 32 <—<— _@p RO- RET S+5 = > 908s 3) fA OWR iy ia rR l/l 10 UP 90 |--> GH ac€s a INTA elu og 29_| Sa Nhs a9 AD At2 oan ryne8 as 1 7 LAP crleai ) ‘ 24) Ay 1 Q pyr ABZ ce DPfayic oe ‘ oP 4A ADR colts wh Ai At | tb 24 -—>, AU | ADs | 237 — arn L Ade al 18. 22 2 AS. ey ekg a { vss s fiol sat TAB vt + [> Blin: ig__tammected. -- by» exyatal LegelMiatis whieh provide: Smnz eg+ to tepart 2 BINNZ eal pin 3+ - Reaet out _ousput) sop > sim lolp) > SUD > Rim Cite) aS* indesupt 18 _baaicauly a switehing bom —___ main pavysom to Sub_pxngs0.m___ whem _ eur —__ jade up £ Signal, Conaih arecouygh —_Omny exiecnol _intesxupt — nw + et pit bt 8, Sy £0 no _indessupt pis» © MOskObIe 9 igobla_. pin__20 > INT R: > _fndewmopt _-weguegt + — pin a ras > indewsppt+ __acknoledgment_, spin [12-19]; Time _p couitiptered.) “ADo- ADs. ( Bi- dixectionab). s + _Highers osden__Oddwets bus > Ag = Ars + whom nek = 1 fj Mo = Aa Showed + * when ALP = 0 » Dor D5aa ot maT | a a i a _ bower area: — | then ve eas oy __atnen [0#eh __paawidas— ee rae s a __prbvi pws _vabaa — Ay Ap Bp AL AD kw 1 Dota 19_avad foble +0 steams co tva + _pin__oo+__20 gquound es — pines aus 28 it High —_ = as unidixectonabl — _olp__pins+ memoxy —_00dxeas 16 bit _ Tlo addsew _8 bit, spin og lso) & o a3lS.) > ob¢put ie ippm 220 (are) 2 output *, -e_pin 31 L0R J, outprd 1? rt id earsit Comtrade active fons__signab + pin 32 (3) | ovtput > [it i8 vead _combrol __attive tow signad - ppin_s4 [sel]. output i= it ia _ Acti 04, selecting __ ewilith «whether __dad'vets__[a_ (os _20___ divi th or __boy___memancy 22 + _ A Mennowey + EBay (ashes leas. Pie It 18 weed tox she SynChromizosion between Pp _& phesipheral — device + — —————————————————————— Ee t= phesiphenots seadsy Fe pe ipber ot. al mt __xeady + sep hos to it Lt becomes high _e pin [46) 1 Reset in $input pin active fous signok ieee - prtgxom, Counter. beConmts _900 H_» © pin(34) , etock olp > : : + pin (sa) Hoon, pin(ss) Hold 2 Th extermad, divin, need + EAL ino eats _the_veeciving __eb_halal ae Signal + a Addrols & dato bus 0 Se a4 Bus se tease Pm cesabacet — =p region Control over buses pin 40 $- +50 y 9¢ supnty« siti ply,pat oo) : eign *_,2°7 ____—_ : -edga-+ level} tap => nighet_palosity — | Mom maskable leveQ | RST 3S bn tN OAKObLe tt RST 625 a MasKoble ¥ te > least — _psiomity | ____ Mon = sweetoxed. (which ——ameoms___J—_hoa____ mo addvess ) B : = Q___semoint ing have odds +rae moe Y [date] Taies bak 0 oddxas conve i na chown adds) [iasteverion | ps —queve-& bytes eke es =a (aa) Ww Ifa _— —pddwlh bw> 20 bit [Ao- aus] ; - oh 2 ime | pe__fomplese_onchitectusa ob 8086 con __be_dividad._ “inte __two_ posta — — (w_esu Bs _imtesboce unit) ! bu_(_ Execution unit) 0 » @ oEPpis 24as : physica, ddduiy = Co 10 + 2P = B000% 10+ avas = 3augs, gq: ; ae ? AX =) aH, AL 16 bit 84 SEB BL [ ca = on, Cb: DK = DH, DE * . : ‘ fe xoginien 1 Jo bite ‘ YAS 12 $3 6 5 Bath, hs), TEs Te Te Do ToDo Dlele Pade Te TT) 0. _oves blow blog _____% 7? Zewo bt D> piwecdiom 1s A ALES cane 29 tatess vet T 2 Trop blag. CY 2 Canny blag» —_$ 4 sign wag poa. wregult id -ve. —_when___seault_ 19 I= Ve. — sign at _ — a ee —tipe mq o blog. __inti__ge+ When —wegutt —18_zex0 + “uohen eau 18 08 ie: +__renn blog = 4 —+— ae vlog widdset__tb vem __mo+ eb sig : in___the_seavld + nuesgitoin blag > this. bog ig get 16 _pvewbtowt peeusa pee ie the —_se@uie —_ob- Sigmed. opexodiom ig _{ax emaygh the _aeenmndaded, in '__0._deatisna nen ___-w491 94699 _—pirection bag > ig used. bythe String manipulotion ingtsuetion ib thig__ a9 bit {8 oy then the __sising ig _pxocegsed in __u+4n = inesé ment modi __i-@- bev en lowest addyis +o___highest___oddness_- _othexwise +he__sexim? ig psocesaéd __ bom __higheat to___loweat _addsea a ies uth = deesementing moda ausewruet ela9 2 tb this. blag (g.cet , the. moskoble _in-terxupt& + axe, wie cogn sed. _by_¢pu other 8 Amey oi Qmowe = = | a ja fenp 2 tb __thig__bet i9__get then the ——paocessos __entes9_4ne_#imgl@, = step _exeoutiom — —modd +| aie jap —bosntg weo-Han nh AOE 4 See - maximum mistrouen Tn de wpe 1 a —t bss not | = i w[ vee } Adve a ace 3a{_) ADS 4 rowers gir 83 1 Aa Ch [)-Arz(g4¢—— ear fa a(S | AD = aaa a pee ee ‘ | mean Weta 0 6 a are ae Aes] — aE | nes sr Ro [uTe RD _ 9m Ch 30 Re (nT 1 ae re emer aoe Clty 235 Sp aor Tf ee eee re a ane ech) Se ee Aes es uo Ms Et alot Ft yore Ch 23 [5 Test a ck Cf ee rene aes |] @ésET ADO — ADS —> dada bus Adds bus > 20 bit ms[ se, asses, Air(su , Arel s3.m $4 See eee ee ee 8 oi Attewmade data. Qo Z stack es { © Code. a ' t dat eos a alway Jowyun oer eer ae ae = oo ob each __ lock __¢yelé_» = tons ob Trrtesxupt_ blag. ig __indscased om gy.) 7 7 —4 Bue [se | avs nigh __emable— fidget > Bus high _edble signal ig§ aed. __tn eee: indi cabs sang ter ob _dasa,__ouew thé ___high _ oder, pa_- oir _do+a._burs+ e So 78 mot im we : : BHE Ao & : ° a Whole woad-_ i 0 t uppex byte ot m_@ te _odd add, _ ‘ 0 Lowe: byt lot mos -to_@ven addy; L ft None * phy sinal. memory organization > ji go36 Bae =e — 7 od [me | Hog =ms | _ndds byte even Add-| D0 - DF G pao aoe | } A oo | { oa bom Mowery De OF ae towers biteEe w+ 9086+ we con. Oceceas _ ob. _ome_ mega. f syle ot _memoxy Which — ~-i8___phy Sicadly organised os Odd bank & — @uem__ bank. pdele 8 im _ponrotied, via __tthe__psoeeaaow + i ayo data. with cvem __oddueas ja: _tronapoud, to i Der -— ~ byte odd. With odd _addnega__ig__tromabiened, on DiS = Da us __lineh_®8__the _panceaaos. psouldos +o __enaple two signals eee , gat’ @ ‘ae bo ocean even _ndduats __ bank. | 08. add___adawexs __ bank » L J 2 Bm cycles as sie quiweol_-to__urea.__t _____ bit dota + i'n 9086 to 5 WBE Bun _eycle, _lws__% even _ addy __bamik"" 2nd Bus __eyele_ bor" odo addowin_bamk" 2) This. _to__achieve _! SS using & esas memory i pauatieh __tho_map ob the Compleie. Sy 84em._by te _mémoxy Oddneas wit be —-dividao__tto_-Fo memeny — bomka: ee¥ RD > whem 18 ow t+ inca tes that a Jit i8_swoding the, dato.» Reody 9 Ocknowledgmont rom _thé Slow devices —ob memory thos they, houe_¢ompleted the. dodo. trad bee NTR > _level trig gu ints Test > thia__iJp__ 18 examine __by WATT _imnstruas it 4ut—_pin__inputt__was___ ow exeeuttom ign Comtinnt 64 the _pwoced8ox___memains _in ideal sta4e + ph 1 a 3 mt? Nom 00.5 KOblé. intessupt_» in Reseh > this iJp___Couls the __psocesaox __+to _tesminote—_-tne_aetivvicty - a [ay > mime Bmax. moda __ob __microprocessr _——_ta__max+__moda. we use_mose__than__t __ miewopsoceagos_and___in__mine moda __we use only micropreceagor tvs __progsamming the — opesontone Srieine