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    Aci 116R-00 PDF

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    Evelyn Segura

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ACI 116R-00 @ Cement and Concrete Terminology Reported by ACI Committee 116 Oe Bate cd Hone song Main ert Meet Inele Bryan Maer eK Gate awe Kael some Moe te Hoy "re. ae Ricard Mies Ma Hope anes Ly ‘asin Mone FOREWORD “This eportis te atoratve lossy fr cnet and ances enon Risto be ose generally and specifiy i ACT ech sical communications, coespondence, and plleatons. One mon of Commitee 118s progie and aaa & ato es ‘th cr mening inthe eld of cement and cnet echnigy Commies 116 haste topo glossy tht wl be wel comprehensive, and up-to-date It secogaizes, however, at he ting may ate compete and that some deitions may be at vance Wid some Commonly accepted messing Users of the glossary ae invited sua sggesions for change nd aos to ACT Headquarter onidraton by Com site 116 when preparing ee eons. Int event that ae ngres wid any of the detinns ts hoped ha eran oe Sich willbe given othe commie. “Te commit is aware tht some of the defton iced may seem enya evident oan exper in the conte field Te ‘cers case ao te as been discarded if tee was feason to beleve it woul appear obec! innate ot carl exe ofthe ACI Beate. ‘The commie voted owe the folowing peed ales: 1. ach din shal be sted in one seme: 2. Each definition sal oni of th teem pied bole, dah and the definition statment, 23. The dein teen sal ot repeat therm and soul state the clas rou and deny the etre rigue othe em; “mathemati te Sle of mamber and pace 4. Verbs shake sated inthe nitive rer than the participle; fr example the term be defied shouldbe “abrade™ aot “abr 'S-Noles may be appended to definion tates {6 Cros refrnces may take the place of efinion a “pren concrete concrete green.” They to may cll stenton to eld ens "ata variety of cert (Se slo cher)” Where he commits ha found vo or ore trms with he same ea Ing the ein is given whee he peered rm ppc, the fycnyns ae cos referenced wo the eed tr, a a an este feta 7. Generally, wher the ae a namber of tems he lst word of which sth same, he defsions ae ven wher the tems re tind inthe inated frm, "cement lowea ruler han “owsea een bet sner he ae ny, thee wil be soe trea "he cement, bw-beaand ‘In elec zs and defintons, here al be coordination with he emiology subcommites of ASTM Commitees C+ ‘on Cament an 9 on Conc and Corte Agpeges ‘The invaluable consrbos of the past chaimen of Commie 116, B,J Ei, RC. Milem, DL. Bloe, W-H. Pee, RE. Davis. R.Dise KF. Gite, Robert Hey, M.D. Lube, B. Mather, and, Senet thse of th reset members he ‘commie, a well he lg fos of Wiliam Lorman and Lewis H.Tubl ae patty acknowledged For ating his don ll member, bah ascites and voting. patcipted. ae eT Retweeinimanireme ceteris] | mebiae ene deen tampa rams EesSteeec Senta Soe cee test clans aero ae th SSE on Abrams! a Abrams! law—sce law, Abrams’ abrasion damage—sce damage, sbrask abrasion resntance sec reistance, abrasion, sbeolue specific gravity—see speci gravity, absolute, fbsolute volume-~see volume, absolute, absorbed moisture—see molsture, absorbed, absorbed water—see moisture, absorbed absorption the proces by which aliquid is deawe ito and ‘ends toil permeable vids in» porous sli body; also, ‘he creas in mas of « proud body reeuig from sbutment—in bridges, the end strate (asually of con- rete) that supports he beams, girders, and deck of the badge, oc combinations therea, and sometimes retains ‘the earthen bank or suppor the endothe ppreach pve rent sb in presressng, he ste again which the tendons are suesed in producing pretensoned precast ‘members or porttensioed pavement; and in dams the Se ofthe gorge or bank ofthe steam against which 2 dam abuts accelerating admistore—sceadmintre,aceeratng ‘ceeeration—increas in velocity orn rate of change, e- ‘pec the quickening of he natural progress ofa pro- ‘zs suchas sting or srength development (ardeing) of concrete (Se also admistre, accelerating) sacceerator—sce admixture accelerating, ‘ecidntal alr—see lr entrapped. serie role rsa, aryl ‘ion a material thats interground o blended in init ed amounts into a hydraulic cement daring manufactare ‘ther ata “processing adion” to aid in mancfactaris fd handling the cement or asa “unctinal ad modify the use properties ofthe Finished prac. ssdvancng-slope roatingsee grouting, advancing lope. ‘dive sce agent ‘dhesion test in which two sufaoes ae hel together bye eft that may consist of molecular oes, interlocking ston, or bth, sdhesiver—the group of materials wed vo jin or bond sini- lar or dssimar materials for example, in concrete work, the pony resins. ‘aabatio—s conon in which eat aither enter nor leaves asjtem. ‘adiabatic curing —se curing, adiaate ‘adjutment crew —see screw, adjacent, ‘Adminture— material other than wate, aggregates, by ‘raliccemeat, and fiter reinforcement sed a an ngre- ‘dient ofa cementitious mixture to modify its fey mined sting or hardened properties and that is added to the bach beer or during its mixing. ssimixtre,acelerating-—an admixture that causes an Increase inthe rate of hydration ofthe hydra x ‘ment and thus shone the time of stn, increases ‘heat of suength development bo ‘Acs COMMITEE REPORT sdminture, arcentraning an admixtur that casee the development of a system of microscope ar bab- ‘les in conrete, mora, or cement pase during mi ing, ualy to increase ts workability tod resistance to freezing sed thawing. (See also lr, eatraned) sudmisture, retarding an admixture thal cases 4 de ‘reas inthe rt of hydeation ofthe hyéali cement and lengthens the ime of sting ssdmixture, waterreducing —an admire tht either increases slump of feshly mixed morur a concrete without increasing water content or minainsshmp. ‘witha reduced amount of water, he eft being de to factors othe han sir entranmeat ‘admisture, wateredcing (hgh-range)— waterse: ducing admixture capable of producing bre water te- Auction o gett lowability without casing unde et ‘eurdation or entrainment of arin mora er concrete ‘adobe —unbumt brick did inthe eum. ‘orbed water—sce water, aeorbed. ‘sdsorption development (at the surface of eiher a guid ‘x solid) of higher concentration ofasubsance than ex- Sus in the bulk of the medium; especialy formation of| ‘one or more Iyer of molecules of gas of dsalved ‘sbetanes, or of guide at the surface of soll (och as ‘semen, cement pase, or aggregates), or of-etaning ‘gens at the atwatr Interface, ai, e process by ‘which substance is adsorbed. (See asp wate, ade AI ratio—tee ratio, ‘tilte— mineral with composition 3710-2610, 31,0 ‘ccuting aturly in Sout Aftca, Noten land, and (California, and artifical in some hycrate podand e- gent 1 general term for a material hatmay ve used ether 15 an addin o cement o an admixture inconcree; for ‘ample, anairenraning age ‘gent, sr-entraining sce ndmixture,at-entraiing ‘gua, bonding—a substance applied toa suitable ub- sreto crete abond between anda seceding yer, gen, parting—sce agen, release (pefened tem). ‘gent, release material ued prevent bonding of con- free to a surface. (See also bond breaker and ol, form) ‘agent, surfaceactive—asubutance tht markedly affects the imtracial or surtace tension of slsions when resent ven low concentrations agent, wetting substance capable of lowering the sur ace teasion of igus, citing he weting of slid surfaces and periting the penetration af gid io the capillaries ‘aglomeraton—a gathering ito ball or mas. ‘Aegregate—ranslr materi, sch as sand, gre, crushed Stone, crushed hydralc-cment concrete, orion bit ‘CEMENT AND CONCRETE TERANOLOGY fusca, used wit a hydra cement produce citer concres or mortar. (Se sls agaregat, heavyweight and aarerate, lightweight) segregate, angularsgzregte particles that posess well-defined edges formed atthe terion of oughly plane faces. sagregate, coarse—sgzregne predominantly retained ‘on te 4.75 mm (No.4) seve, or that prion retain ‘on the 4.75 mam (No 4) sive (Se alo aggregate) saaregate cruser-rin—ageegate tht has been te chanically broken ind has not been subjected to ubee- quent srecning segregate, dense-gradedaggogates raed to pro- ‘ce fow void coment and maxima density when compacted. (See alo aggregate wellgraded) segregate, fne—aggegiepstng the 9.5 mm G/B in) ‘seve, almost enti pusig the 475 mm (No. 4) Seve, and predomi retained on the 75 an (No, 200) seve; otha orton passing he 4.75 mam No.4) Sieve and predomiantly retin’ onthe 75m (NO. 200) sieve. (See alin aggregate anc sand) sgaregate, gap-graded—agaregte graded so that cer- tan inermediate sar subtatlly abet. sguregate, heavywelght—agzregate of high density sich as bare, magieie, hematite, imo meni, ton, ote, used heavyweight concrete ngregat,lightwelght—agzregate of low density, such 1) expanded oF tinered clay, shale, sate, dita ‘cout shale peli emicaie, stg) strl pum. ice, sora, volcanic ines, tl, and dint; and) Sintered ly ath rink ides, used ighweight segregate, mineral—gzregt consisting exsentily of Inorganic nonmetal ock meri ther natural crushed and gras ggregaie, normalwightgsegate that is other heavyweight nor lightweight. sggregate, open graded aggregate in which the voids ‘te relatively lage when he aggregate is compacted. segregate, reactive—agregate conning substances capable ofeacting chemically with the product fs Ihton or hydration f the ordand cement in concrete ‘or mora under erdnary condone of exposure, re fling in some can in harmful expansion, cracking, staining segregate, refractory—aggrepate. having refaciory ‘Propet that, whee Bound together nto a conglom- rate ass by a mati, forms arefactoy body. aggregate, sngle-sizel—sggregac in which «major Portion ofthe parc isin row sz ange sggregate, well gradel—aggregite having 2 pcticle- sie distribution that produces maxima deny, tht ‘minimum void spice, sceregute Bending ihe process of inlining wo oF more aggregates to profe a diferent st of properties, general, bar aot exluively, to improve grading egregatecementrtio—se ral, aggregate cement, alr sggrogate gradation —se grading (refered xr) ‘agregate Interlock the effet of portion of aggregate atic from ane seo joint oc erackn concrete pro- tring int recesses inthe ote deo he into erck. 04810 transfer load in shear and maintain aignment ‘aggregate transpareney—dsclorsion of «concrete sur ace consisting of darkened areas over coane aggrepse articles iumedately below th concrete face agitating speed sce sped, apiatng ‘agitating truck—ce truck, aptating ‘ehation— the proces of providing motion i mixed concrete just sufficient to prevent segregation or lou of plastic, nd 2. the mixing and homogenization of saves o finely ‘round powder by eter mechanical meats injee- tion of air. (See also agitator.) agitator device for maintaining parity and prevent ing segregation of mixed concetby api. (See aso sgitation) ‘lds, grinding—materials wed to expedite the proces of ‘nding by eliminating ball coating, ispesing the finely ground produto both ar ‘ai, acldental—tee sr, entrapped (prefered te), ‘A, entrained microscopic uirbubbes intentionally in- oporated in mortar or oncret ring mixing, wtal- ly by use of surface active agent typically between To and 1000 pn (1 an) in ameter und merical or nearly 0. (See also alr entraioment) at, entrapped air voids in concrete that se not pu owely entrained and that ae large. mally regular ‘hap, and ess wel than those of ented ar and 1 mi oe ager in sie. ‘Al blow plpe—ir et sed in hotete gunning to remove rebound er ter lowe material rom the wrk aca sr-blown mortar—seesheterete (prefered tem). sr conteat—te volume ost vids in cement paste, mox- tar, oconeee exclusive of par space in aggregate par ‘icles; usualy expressed ar percentage of al value ofthe past, moray, or concrete. alr-cooled blast-furnace sage blast-furnace ag, alr entraining—he capability ofa material or process de ‘velop a system of microscopic babble of ain cement paste, morro oneret daring mixing. (See soa en ‘tainmeat) sir-entraining agent—see admixture lr-entrsining. ‘r-enralaing hydraslic cement-—see cement, alen- ‘raining paral. _lr entrainment the ncarpotion of arin the form of mi- ‘roseopic Bubbles (ypiclly smaller than 1 mm) ding the mitng of either concrete or mora. See ss lene alain and ney entratne) sir equipment whereby slurry or dry powder is ited trough pipes by means of conpecssd alr meter—sce meter, a. air-permeabilitytet—aee test, lr-permeabity and tet, Blain. air ring see rng, ale. tir separator see separator, ar, le vold—sze vod, ale. sle-water jot—see Jet ale-wate. ‘skermanite—a miner of the mlilte group, CxsMaSt0y (Gee leo gelenite, ellie, and merwinite) slabaster—a compact ryallne, weakly textured form of practically pore eypsum. slignment wire—see wre, round (refered te). ‘lite—a name used to deny wiesleium scat, inching small amounts of MgO, ALO, Fe,03, and othe oxides principal consinent of portand-cment clinker. (See ‘isabel, clit, nd fle) alla of alkali meals, picipaly sodium and potas sam, specifically, sodium and potasiom occiing in ‘constituents of concrete and mort, usally expressed in ‘chemical analyse athe ones NogO and KO. (See a0 ‘cement, low-alall) lal reactivity (of aggregate)—see reactivity (of agare- at) al slalticareation—sce reaction, alkalliicate ‘lly aryl sulfonate—sytbetic detergent used to enain ai in rai cement mixes allowable bearing espaclty—dhe maximum pressure 19 ‘hich a sll of oer muteal shouldbe subjected 1 [Burd agunst shear ular or excessive stlemen. allowable load—see lod, service dead and loud, sevice tire ‘alowabl stress—soe stress, allowable. [aternate lane construction see construction, alternate- ane. stumina—luminum oxide (AO) luminate ement—see cement, calcium-aluminate. ‘aluminate conerete—see concrete, alrinate, ‘luminous coment—see cement, caleium-aluminate. ‘amount of mixing te exeat of mixer action employed in ‘combining the ingredients for either concrete or mortar, inthe cave of sation mises, the mitng time and in the ase of ruck miter the numberof revolutions ofthe frum at mixing sped afer he iatermingling ofthe ce- ‘ment wih water and aggregates, (Sc also mixing tine ) samplitade—the maximum duplcement fom the meaa po- ‘tion in connection with vibration analysis, dyaannle—analsis of esses in framing as fone- tion of displacement under ransent lading. snalysis, mechanleal—the process of determining patil size distbation of an agarege. (See alo analysis, sieve) anatyris, slere—paricesize isuibuon; usally ex- pressed ate mass prceotage retained upon each of ase fies of standard sever of decreasing sie and he pecenage paced by the seve of finest size. (See also trading) anchor—in presuesed concrete tock he suessedtadon in postion so that it wil retain its suessod condition; in precartcoereteconstrcton, to atach the precast units {othe bling frame; and in slabs on grade o walls, 1 fasten rock or adjacent stctures to prevent movement ofthe dab or wall with respect tothe foundation, adjacent structure rock, (See also anchor, form.) anchor, frm—device used to secare formwork to previus- Iy placed concrete of adequate strength the devi is or- nll embedded inthe conte during placement. anchor baltic bolt anchor. tnchoragy—in post tensioning, a device used to anchor the teodontothe concrete member in pretensioning, a device ted te maintain the elongation ofa tendon daring the time iteral between soesing and release! in peecast- concrete constuction, the devices for attaching precast ‘us che bilding fae; and in slab or wal const tion, the device used to anchor the lab or walt he fon tion, rock, or adjacent cre ‘anchorage, dead-end—the anchorage a that end of & tendon that is opposite the acing end. anchorage, end— tent of reinforcement, mechanical anchor, hook, oe ‘combination thereof, beyond the point of nominal 2 sea inthe rnfrcement of caine con- coand 2 mechanieal device for tansmiuing prestssing fore to the cocrete in a posttesioned member. (Gee also anchorage.) anchorage, mechanlcal—ary mechanical device capa ble of developing the strength of the reinforcement witout damage othe concrete. anchorage threaded—an anchorage device that is pro- ‘ied with threads to facilitate ataching the jacking device and to effet the anchorage. anchorage, wedge—a device for anchoring tendon by ‘wedeing. anchorage bond stress—see stress, anchorage bond. [anchorage deformation see deformation, anchorage or ‘i. anchorage device—soe anchorage (prefered tem). lanchoragt louse deformation, anchorage. ‘anchorage slp—see deformation, anchorage or slip. ‘tnchiorage20ne—t0e aoe, anchorage. angle floater Moat, angle. langle of ppose—the angle between the horizontal and the: natural lope of looe material below which the material tl nots. angular agpregate—see aggregate, angular. ‘anhydrite—a mineral, anhydrous calcium sulfate (C280): ‘yptu fom which he water oferystalization has bees ‘emoves, sully by heating above 325 F (160 C); natural nhydre i es reactive han that obsined by calcination of pps. CEMENT AND CONGHETE YEmmNCORy anhydrous calcium chloride—soeealcimn chloride, any arots. _appareat specitegravity—see specific gravity, absolute, archltecenginer or engineer-architet—the architet, engineer, architectural im, enginering fim, or ach tect and eagacering fem saving projet drawings and specifistios, or administering the work unde on- tract peifictions and dawings, ofboth, architectoral cnerete—aee concrete, architectural, fare spectrography—specrogaphic identification of ele- "mens in a sample of material ested o volatilization in an lec are or spark area of steele cot-sectonl area ofthe te einorce- ‘ent (See also effective area of reinforcement) arenaceous—composed primarily of snd: andy. _argllaceous—composedprimaiy of lay or sale: clyey. art—the ride formed by the mecing of two rere, frrisingtool~see tool, arising. tical porzolan—see porola, aria sbestos-cement products— products manuscured from tigi material composed exteaally of aero fiber and porlandcenest. ‘shlar—sce maton, aelar ‘ilar, patteredate masonry, abla, ‘thar masonry sce masonry, ahlar ‘iblar, random see masonry, ala. ssphalt—a dark brown w Hack cementitious materi in "which the predominating constneats ae bitumens that ‘ccc inne o ae obtained in petroleum processing asphalt cement sce cement, asphalt ‘sphaleconeretotoe concrete, agphalic ‘attmesphere-pressure steam euring--ee curing, atmo- ‘pherie;prewure scam. Asterberg limits—sc mts, Atterberg. ‘Aterbergtet—aee tt, Aterberg, futocave—s pressure vesel in which an environment of sea a igh pressare may be produced; ed in the cr Ing of concrete product and nthe esting ofhydauic co- ‘ulocave curing ce curing autoclave, autoclave eyle—se yee, autocave sutoctaved securing, autoclave, sutotaving—se curing, autoclave sutogenoushealing—see healing, autogenous nilary enforcement sce relaforcament, sux. average bond stress—se bond stress, average. average compresive strengt—see compresiv strength, verge. ‘ly neatral tne inthe plane of strstr meme sibjeco beading where the loging sexs ear. se load—see load, ase. te seel—sor tel ale ‘ale-stel enforcement se enforcement, ale-stee, B15, —tee ctr, coarse-aggregate (refered te). bacos cement sce ettringte (prefered ter), backil concrete—see concrete, backfl ‘ack form——see form, top (prefered ter). ‘ack plasteing—plaser applied to one fce ofa ath ys- ‘em following aplication and subsequent hardening of plaster applied to the opposite fice (Se alo parge) back stay—see brace (prefered tem). Dackshores—shores placed sougly under a conerete slab or ‘sctral member fle the orginal formwork and shores hve ben moved from a small rea without allowing the ene slab or member to deflect oc support is own ‘mas or existing constuction lads. Dacterialcerrsi—see corrosion, baterlal. ag (of cement; aso sack) quantity of pordand cement: ‘5415 (3p) inthe US for ther kinds of cement, quan- ti indie onthe bag ‘balanced lond—tce load balanced. Dalanced moment—moment capsciy at simultaneous eushig of concrete and yielding of esion ste. balanced reinforcement —an amount and ditibution of r- Inforcemeat ine lexural member sch that in working stress design the allowable tensile ses inthe ste and the allowable compressive ses inthe cones area ‘tained simutaeousy; or such hatin strength design, the tensile reinforcement reaches its specified yield seength sSmultanenuly with the concrete fe compression each ing its sumed ulimate erin of 0.003, ‘all lle mil al bal teste tst ball band iron thin metal strap used sa form te, ange, ‘bar—anelenent normally composed of sel, witha nominal Ty ufo creaseconal area wed to enforce concrete. Dar, coated—a bar on which a costing as been spied, sally increterevistane to corrosion bar, deformed—s reinforcing bar with a manufactured atemof surfice ridges intended rede lip andi ‘reas pulloutressiance of bare embedded in concrete. ar, epory-coated—a reinforcing bar coated by an pony ‘singe usally toincrease esistane to creo, bar, high bond see ber, deformed (refered te). bar, plaio—a reinforcing bar without surface deforma: tions, one having deformation tht do ot conform ‘othe wpliable requirements. bar, rnforeement oe reinforcement bar, standard hooked—a reintercing bar with the end ‘bent int a hook to provide anchorage. bar tear at right angles to, nd ted oeinforcemnent to keopit in place bar bender—a uadetman who cat and bends tel rein Forconent or x machine for bending se enforce Daren check—a chock ofthe ends of reinforcing bars to ‘termine whether they fit the devices intended for con- necting the bars. (See also mechanical connection) sn. bar bar mat—an asembly of sect reinforcement composed of ‘oo or more Iyer of bars plied at angles i each oer nd secured together either by weldig or yng. bar schedule—a Ist ofthe winforcement, showing the ‘shape, number, size and dimensions of every diferent el ‘ment required fora structure or «prio of seuce bar spacing—the distance between pull reiaforci bars measured centr to cen ofthe bars perpendicular (otek oagitudinal aces. ‘bar support hardware wed te upporto bold enforcing bat in proper posion to preven displacement before and. ding’ concreting, (See also bat; bolster, slab; chair) Darite—s mineral, basium sulfate (B2S0Q), wed in either te or impure form ar conte aggregate primary for the consirtion of highdenity radiation sildng con ‘rete; designated "bays inthe UK. bbarage alow dam ected o contol te level of szeam, ‘hare (of cements quantity of portland cement 376 (bags) the U.S (oboe: lo Wood or metal eon {ainr formerly used for shipping cement barre-valtroot—see rot, brre-vault barrier, moistare a vapor bate. bareer, apor—menbeanes load under concrete flor Slabs tat are placed on grate to retard wansision of ‘water vapor fom the subgrade. bars bundled group of not more than four parallel rin. ring bars in cote wih ech oer, usual td toed bars stm—bars usd inthe wall ection ofa canlevered retsinng wal or inthe webs of box; when acanievered ‘etaining wall and its footing se considered as an integral ‘ithe wall i often eee asthe stem of he uit. base slo slab or "working mat" eer previously Placed and hardened or fell placed, on which oor ‘opping ie placed ina ater operation; alo the undedying stratum oo wich a conerete sa, such a pavements ced (Sc so mud slab ad ubbase) ‘bare Dead-—se base seeed (prefered ter), ‘base coat—any plaster coat or cots applied before aplic- tion ofthe neh cost. ‘base course—a ayer of specifi select material of planed thickness constructed on the subgrade or subbase of a pavement 1 serve one or mor fnctins, och as dstib- ‘ing loads, providing dena, or minimizing fot ac tion; lo the lowest couse of masonry ina wal opie. base plates plate of metal er other maeil formerly placed under pavement joints andthe adjacent slab ends to proven the inflation of ol and moisture from the ‘ies or boom ofthe oit opening; loa tee! pate wed to dst vertical loud, afr bridge beams, bling columns, of machinery. base screeds preformed metal screed with perforated of ‘expanded flanges to provide a guide Yor thickness and ‘Planenes of plaster and to provide asepanton between laste and oer materials ‘basic ereep—se creep basi. ‘Act couMTTEE REPORT basket se loadtranser assembly (prefered tr) Daseanite—calcium ulate hemihydrte, 2CaS0,H,0. (Gee also herahydate and plaster of paris) bata broken brick sometimes used to support reiaforce meat. (See also bar support) batch —re quantity af either conrete or mortar mixed atone tine; to weigh or volumeticlly measure end introduce into the miner the ingredients fra quantity of eter con- batch tla buch of concrete prepared t establish oF check proportion ofthe coastiuent batch boxconner of known volume wed for measuring ‘constinents of tach of eter conrete or mora i rope proportions. batch mixer—see mixer, atch, batch plant an instaltion for batching ofr batching and iting cneete materials. batch weights—the quantities of the various ingrotients (cement water, te several ies of aggregate, and dix: tures if sed) that compose a bach of concrete Iatched water—the mixing water added by a batcher 0 ‘cements mistre ether before or daring the inal ‘Stages of mixing (lo ealled batch water). batcher—a device for measuring ingredients fra bch of Datcher, sutomatle—s butcher equipped with ges or ‘valves that when acuated by a single starter switch, ‘ill open atomically at the stat ofthe weighing op- raion ofeach mater spd wll elo stomatcally ‘when the designated quantity of cach material has been reached, ierockad in such manner that ) the Charging mechanism cannot be opened wat the sale as returned to 2eo;b) the charging mechanam cannot be opened if the discharge mechanism is ope: ) the ‘rte bythe combustion of fuel or hydration of cement. ‘eamber-—a defection thas itentonally bul nto a sre- ‘ural element oc frm to improve appearince orto nullify the deflection of the clement under the effets of loads, shinkage, and rep. cant srip—soe strip, chamfer (prefered ter), ‘capa smoot plane surface of ultable materi bonded to the bearing surfaces of est specimens to distribu the Toad diag suengh testing. cap cables—shot cables (endo) introduce to prestress the zone of negative momeat only. ‘CEMENT AND CONCRETE TERMINOLOGY ‘capacity messure ofthe rated volume of apace con- (rete mixer o agitate, usally ime by specifictons toa masimum percentage of al gross volume; ls the ‘utp of coneet, aggregate, oocer produc per uit of time (a plan capacity or een capacity): lo Toad ca ying limit ofa rte, ‘capaciy-redution factor—see trength-reduction factor (refered ter), apllarty—the movement ofa lig inthe inereices of coneete solo oter finely poros material due to su face tension (Se also Now, expilary) capillary flow—see flow, capillary. cplllary space—see space, capillary. 2 pile— 1. astructural member that spaced ontop of group of Piles and sed wo wanamit onde float the stare through te pile group ito the sl the ples may be ‘connected wo the cap with reinforcement resi uplift or with reinforcement to resist moments aso form & ‘en ao known as aider capo girders alio smn timber, or concrete footing resting on 8 group of ples nd 2. mea ap or helmet temporarily fited over the head ‘of precast ple to protect it during driving ome form ‘of shock-absorbing materials often incorporated. ap ider— sce cap ple (prefered tem) carbon black fisel divide frm ofeabon produced by ‘he combustion o patil decampeuiton of hydrocarbon, ted a an admixture to color cones ‘carbonation —reacon between carbon dioxide and «by roid or orifeto form carbonate especialy in coment st, moar, of concrete: he rescton with calcium com pounds to produce eacium erbont, ‘carbonation shrlakage—sce shrinkage, carbonation, ‘carrageay—in the UK, aterm used i the sme meaning 1 the word "Toad" inthe US. ‘astln-place—tefering to a cemenitons mixture that is epotie inthe place where ite required to harden as at ofthe strc, as opposed to precast cone. ‘custln place conerete—sce concrete, cast-pace east place plle—see pl, east-n-pace. asinstto—seocast-in-place (preferred em), ‘east stone—eee sone east ‘usable refractory—see refractor, catable ‘atalyst—a substance hat accelerates a chemical restion and emblesitt proceed under conditions more mild than ‘tierwise required ad which is not, isl, permanently hanged bythe reaction (Se als eatalyt, negative) ‘catalyst ngatve—a substance tat slowsacheical reaction and whic, uel, ot ene it th econ tito, ‘atface—biemish or rogh depression in the finish plaster coat cased by variations in the base coat thickness. fathead notched wedge plced between to formwork members meeting at an oblique ange: & spindle on 8 oi: the large, und reention nt wed on he ols. nt coment, cathode protection—the form of carion protection ‘wherein one metal is cased to code in peference to anche, thereby protecting the Inter from coroioe, catwalk nsrow cevated walla. ‘aulk—to place a mari na crack oot withthe intent of etarding enuy edit o water, (Se alo fol filer or sealant, joint) ‘cavitation damage—sce damage cavitation ‘dite—a name used identify the calcium aluminoferite ‘content of portand cement. (See lv lite; belt fe- Ite; andbrownmnlerite) calllar concrete—see concrete, cellular. ‘lla construetion—see construction, alla, ‘ement—see cement yer, ‘cement, aientrallng hydraulic—bydaulic cement ‘consining an ai-entrinng agent in sufficient amoutt to cnrain atin note within specified Lins, ‘cement, aluminoes—see cement, caleiam-alminate ‘prefered term) ‘cement, asphalt—asphalt hati refined to meet epec- fleaons for us in the manufacture of bitminoos pavement ‘cement, bituminous —a black soli, semis or Hild ‘Substance at naual si emperatires apd appreciably Soluble only in earbon disulfide or some va igid Inyroearbon, being composed of mixed indeterminate hyocabons mned fom atu deposi, predaced ‘8 aresiuc in the distillation of pevoeum, of obined by the destnetiv distillation of calor wood. ‘cement, blended hyéeale cement conssting essen ‘ily ofan intiate and ufo bend of granted ‘asefamace slag and hydrated ime oan intimate and uniform blead of pordand cement and granlaed Das-fumace sig, poland cemeat and pozzolsn, or Pra blast-furnace lag cemeat and pezolan,pro- ‘Goced by Interganding porand cement clinker with the other materi of by blending portland cement withthe other materials, ora combination of inte ‘indng and blending. ‘cement, bll—cerent the is wanspoted and delivered in bu (asually i specially contrcted velclet)in- Head of in bags cement, calclumvahuminate—the product bined by ‘pulverizing clinker consisting estentially of hydealic €alcnm alminatesrevaling from ising rstering & ‘suiably poporianed mixture of asminou adele ‘cous material; called hgh-alunies cement nthe UK. ‘cement chemically prestreaing—a type of expansive ‘cement containing higher percentage of expansive component than 9 shrnkage-compeatatng cement, when used in comsetes with adequate Intra or ex ternal restraint, fat will expand sufficiently dve to chemical reactor within the matin, 0 develop the stress necessary fr prestressing the concrete (See tlso cement, expansive) comet expunge cement, expansive (paened od coment cement, expansive—s coment tut, whea mixed with ‘wate, prduces paste that, afte seting, ineeases| volume t a siguficanly greater degree than does ‘orand-cement pst; usedto compensate for volume Secrets due osriakage oro induce tensile sess in ‘einfreement (pst-teasionin). T:eomant expan, Tipe Ka ian of portance ‘ment, anyerour ttacalcom alumina sulfate (CaAS), acim sae (CaSO) and lime (C20); the CyAySisaconstnent ofa seperately burned cline thts imtergoucd with ordand cement orale ely, ay be firmed Sealiancously withthe porand cement clinker compounds during he bar ing prowess 2. came, expansive, Type M-—interground or blend ‘Sf mixtures of porta cement calcium-aluminate ement, and calciom slate rlably proportioned: tnd 3. cements expansive, Type S—aporand cement con- taining 4 high compured talcum laminate (C{A) content and an amount of calcian slate shovethe ural smount found in potand ment cement, high-alumine sce cement, caliun-alomi- inate (prefered erm) ‘cement, high-ary-strength—porland cement chars Terze ty ataning a given eel of renga mortar ‘or concrete earlier than does normal pordand cement, ‘fered in he US. 8 Type cement, high-fleness—a hydraulic cement of sbstan- Tally higaer specific surface and sbstanaly smaller mean patcle dameer than ‘pial for products of Similar composition, produced by aional nding ‘orty searaton by parle size. cement, hor—newly manuficrred cement tha hat not dan oppor to coo afer burning and grinding. ofthe component materials. coment, hydrate cement dat ses and havens by chemical nation with wae and capable of ing ‘sounder, forexampl, parla cement a ground cament, Kenne's—1 coment compose of finely ground, nbydroe, ealcined gypsum the set of whichis accel rated by he ation of ober materi cement, ov-lkall— porland cemeat that ccnins a ‘elatvey smal amount of sodium or poasium or both in he US, a portland cement contasing not ‘more thin 0.60% NazO equivalent, that is percent 1NagO + 0688 x peeatK,0. cement, low-heat—aporand cement for use when alow ea of hydration seed refered in US. a8 Type Vv. ‘cement, maonry—alhyralic cement fer we inmortars for mazony constrain; contain on or mae ofthe following matril:porand cement portant blast. furnace sig cement, portland pozzan ees nat ‘Ae. coMMITEE REPORT ralcement slag cement or hydaulic ne andi ad ‘on usually contains oe of more mati, sach as Indeed ine, limestone, chalk calcareous sel le, sag or lay in finely ground condition. cement, moderate sulfate retting—s poland coment far uee when either moderate sulfite resistance oF moderate heat of hydration or both is desired, now e- {ere to a Type ‘cement, modified a portland cement for use when eb her moderate heat of hydration, moderate sulfate r= ‘stance, orboh i desied, nw refered oa Type I (an obsclete tenn). cement, natural—a hydraulic cement produced by cal- ‘ining an arpilceous limestone a temperature 30 Tow the sintering point and then grinding to a fine powder. cement, monstaining—a masonry cement that contains ‘nt more than asipulted amount of water-solvbleal- alia measured by a stipulated est method. ‘cement, normal—general purpose portland cement, ferred to in he U.S. a Type L. ‘cement ll-wellbydaulie cement sultuble for we un- (er high pressre an temperate in sealing water ent ft pockets, and seuing easing during the ling snk ‘epairof wells; often contains retarders to mee there- firemen of se cement, ordinary portlnd—the ter used inthe UK ‘nd lzewhereto designate the equivalent of American ‘normal portland cement or Type I cement commonly thireviated OFC. cement, plastie—a special product manufactured for Plaster and stucco application ‘cament, pordand—a hydraulic coment proce by pl ‘eriing portland cement clinker, usually in combi. tion with alam sulfate. cement, portland blast-furnace slag—a hydraulic 2- nett consisting ofan intimately iterpround mixre (of porlan-cement clinker and granulated blast ‘ce slag or an itinate and uniform blend of porind ‘cement and fine granulated blast-frace slag in whch the amount of he slag constituents win spcifad lini, ‘rment, prtland-porzolan—a hydraulic cement con: ‘sing of an intimate and unifrm blend of porlend ‘cement or portland bla firnace slag cement and fe poezolan produced by iterrinding pordandcement ‘linker and pozzola,by blending portland cement or Ptand blas-furace slg cement and finely dived ‘orzolan, ora combination of interrinding and blend- Ing. in which th poezolan continent is within speci ‘ed limite, cement, regulated-et—a hydrant cement containing ‘Muorinesubtnd calclm aluminate, capable of very rapid eting. ‘exment, Romana misnomer for 8 hyéeasic cement ‘made by calling a naural mixture of calc ex onate and clay, such as argillaceous limestone, © ‘CEMENT AND CONCRETE TERMINOLOGY temperance below hat requze ost the material but igh enough to decompose te calcium carbonate, followed by grinding; 20 named becaze te brownish color resembles ancient Roman cements proce’ by ‘ts of ime-pozzlan mixtures. cement, selstresing—tce cement, expansive cement, shiakage-compensting—see cement, expan- ire ‘cement, slag—ydraliccemeat consisting mostly of an intimate and uniform blend of granulated bas furace slag and potand cement, hydrated line, or both, in ‘which the slag constituent is at east 10% by mass of the fished product ‘cement, stcky—Sithed cement that develops low oF ‘ero lowabiity during or ater storage insilos,o afer ‘eansporation in bulk containes, hopper bolton ca, amy be caused by: a iterockng of particles ) ‘mechanical compoctin; c)electostat alracton be tween particles. (Se alo st, warehouse) cement, sullate-resistant—perland cement, low in - ‘calcium aluminate that reduces suscepti of em ‘rte to atack by dsolved sulle in water or tls, in dmeasion or shape. (See ako ‘antraton;expandon;erep; length change; volume shange;shrnkige; deformation Ineasie; and dfor- ‘mation, me-depenlent) ‘formation, ancherage—the los of elongation of stress in he endoas of prestressed concrete de tthe eformation or sexing a the anchorage when the pe ‘tesing force is rnsfered from the jack tothe an horage;knowe as a anchorage les Aeformation, elaste—clatic deformation proportional tothe applied sues. (Sec also deformation) detormatoninlaste—noneastc deformation oot pro- ‘orton tthe apie sess. (See leo deformation, design deformation, tme-dependent—debrmation resuling fom effets sch as eutogenous alume change, he sal coniacton or expansion, cep, shinkage, and Sveling cach of which a funton fine Aetormed bar_—see ba, deformed. ‘deformed plate—aee pate, deformed, ‘eformed reinforcement se reinforcement, deformed, ‘formed te bar see bar, te, Adegree-hour—a measure of suength pn of concrete a & function af he produc of temperate lplied by tine fora specific intra. (See alo fate, maturity)

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