Vol.
14 ICETCSE 2016 Special Issue International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS)
ISSN 1947-5500 [https://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/]
An Intelligent Prediction of accidents for Domotics
S Jahnavi
jahnavi_s@vnrvjiet.in
Assistant Professor, CSE
VNR VJIET
Abstract— Domotics are not only integration of technology and
control of appliances in the home but also provide services for a
better quality of life. But if we want some extended facility for the
handicapped and old aged people to alert them in the critical
situations in quick response way. All these things are feasible in
the smart home model but for these intimated technological
system to work we require some sort of tiny end point monitoring
device called Smart dust motes that will feed back basic
information what is happening in the home or in the air. This
paper describes that how Smart motes are considerably proved to
be a masterpiece that can fit into anyplace and anywhere so as to
detect even small vibrations and can predict accidents caused by
malfunctioning of the devices and there by alerting the people
Keywords- Domotics, Smart Dust, Smart motes, Automation,
Home appliances
I. INTRODUCTION
Home Automation is where daily things are being
completed automatically without any human interference.
Many basic tasks such as turning on or off of certain devices
can be controlled remotely. When the control these devices is
beyond human control, the process of monitoring and
reporting them back becomes a key and predominant feature.
Automation being an industrial application migrated to homes
as a result of rapid growth in development of low cost
consumer electronic devices. Home automation is the concept
of controlling all home appliances connected to a central
location, either remotely or with in a close proximity.
With the arise of wide range of electronic components in
the market it becomes necessary to connect all of them to one
central component for monitoring and controlling them easily.
From many years there have been many home automation
systems being developed to provide a networked control of the
devices [1]. Cellular mobile technology emerged as a powerful
tool integrating the mobile technology and home automation,
there by providing a mobile phone-based home automation
[2]. With a rapid growth of the internet control of these
electronic devices from a remote location becomes a potential
need. However, with an increase in variety of home appliances
the connectivity of these devices still remains unexploited.
“Domotics” also referred as Home automation is formed by
combining a Latin word “domus” which means home and the
words informatics, telematics and robotics. With the decrease
Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies in Computer Science & Engineering (ICETCSE 2016)
V. R. Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada, India, October 17-18, 2016
16
Deepa Kumari
deepasneha10@gmail.com
in the size of computing devices increased the small computing
elements which increased the opportunities for ubiquitous
researchers to reshape the interaction between people and
computers.
“Smart dust” an emerging technology made of many tiny
microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is used to sense and
communicate with the surroundings. The ideology behind this
system is to combine a variety of sensors devices that detect
light, temperature and many more, tiny computers and wireless
communicators in to a small cubic-millimeter mote and
develop a distributed sensor network. This paper proposes a
smart home by integrating dust motes technology which helps
the residents to detect and predict the unusual action of home
appliances there by reducing the risks of accidents.
II. EXISTING HOME BASED AUTOMATION
A lot of research has done in the field of home automation
and many definitions were defined by different authors. It was
in late 1970’s when the concept of home automation came
around. Automation reduces wastage and makes an efficient
utilization of electricity and water [13].
Ali Ziya and Umit Buhur [14] proposed a low cost and
flexible internet based home automation system which can
control multifunctional devices using wireless communication.
Alheraish [1] designed a M2M wireless system which
transmits and receives data remotely over a network. M2M
also known as machine-to-machine, man-to-machine or
mobile-to-machine proved to be cost efficient. The author
implemented this system using a various communication
networks out of which cellular networks gained much
attention.
Khusvinder et al. [3] presented another low cost and
flexible ZigBee based home automation system which
connects home appliances designed by multiple vendors. This
system allows all the devices connected to the system to be
monitored and controlled through a variety of control devices.
ZigBee based remote control was one of these devices
including others as any Java supported wifi devices.
Han et al. [10] proposed a user friendly home automation
system based on 3D virtual world. The author tried to provide
a realistic user interface through which a user can control and
 Vol. 14 ICETCSE 2016 Special Issue International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS)
ISSN 1947-5500 [https://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/]
monitor the devices anywhere through internet. Amaya
Arcelus [15] and S. Nourizadeh [16] proposed systems which
focused more on providing different health services through
the smart home system. Rialle [6] later discussed on the
challenges and innovations in smart health homes.
A. What is a Home automation system made up of?
Many forms of hardware and communication
interfaces are available which are used in designing a smart
home. Some of them include usage of additional
communication and control wiring, some embed signals in the
existing power circuit of the house, some use radio frequency
(RF) signals, and some use a combination of several methods.
Figure 1 [17] shows hardware layout for a home automation
system.
The elements of a domotics system are: hardware
controllers or software controllers, sensors, actuators and an
interface through all these devices can be controlled. A
centralized controller can be used, or multiple intelligent
devices can be distributed around the home.
Interconnection can be a wired, wireless or an
infrared connection. For a wired connection we can use an
optical fiber, coaxial or twisted pair cable and a powerline.
WI-FI, GPRS and UMTS, Bluetooth, ZigBee, or a Z-wave can
be used for wireless interconnection setup. If the
interconnection is by infrared Consumer IR is used.
We have a different home automation standards
based on different control systems [19], some of them are
KNX, ZigBee, Z-wave, EHS(European Home Systems), X10,
LonWorks, INSTEON
B. What is smart dust?
Smart dust was developed by Professor Kristoder
Pister(UC Berkeley) in the year 1998. The idea was to develop
a Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS), which is a
package of small sensors, tiny computers that can monitor and
compute tons of data. Smart Dust facilitates applications like
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Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies in Computer Science & Engineering (ICETCSE 2016)
V. R. Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada, India, October 17-18, 2016
17
surveillance to defence related services, inventory control,
product quality monitoring, smart offices and many more [18].
The dust mote contains a microcontroller which performs the
assigned tasks and also controls the energy provided to the
other components of the system. The sensors process the data
captured from the surrounding periodically and sends the
readings to the microcontroller where this data is stored. It
transmits the data through available communication networks.
The main constraint in design of these tiny motes is energy
consumption by different sensors and devices. Timers are
maintained for efficient usage of energy. Most of the devices
are powered up only by receiving signals from these timers,
where the other time they are powered off. The magnified
view of a smart dust mote is shown in figure 2.
Figure 2: Smart Dust Mote
The Key Components of Smart Dust
A thick-film battery, a solar cell with a charge-
integrating capacitor or combination of both
An optical photo diode for data detection and
receiving
Different small sensors from sensing various types of
data
A semiconductor laser diode and MEMS beam
steering mirror for active optical transmission
Corner Cube Retro-reflector(CCR) for passive optical
transmission
A signal processing and control circuitry
Figure 3: Major Components of Smart Dust mote
 Vol. 14 ICETCSE 2016 Special Issue International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS)
ISSN 1947-5500 [https://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/]
Smart dust is visualized to be part of many application
domains such as environmental monitoring, military systems,
etc. Due to its tiny size, smart dust is expected to enable a
number of novel applications. Smart dust is also used in
tracking the location of real world phenomena [7].
C. Analysis of the Existing Home Automation Systems
Although the advancement of home automation system is
at unprecedented rate there are some problems limiting the
consumers to adopt the technology. The present smart homes
available are very expensive and affordable by only upper
class families [2] [5] [11].
The present-day systems installation is very difficult
and complex. Professionals are required to install and
configure the electronic devices and their control systems. It is
seen that the firms are focusing on either the software or the
hardware but not both. This results in poor interfaces between
the components and the control system technology [3]. The
current systems tend to provide services for any one device
category but not all. Thus, to control variety of electronic
appliances the customers must correlate among different
devices and their brands [3] [4].
Also there are few home automation systems which
provide both monitoring and controlling of the system where
most of the systems provide only one of the functionality. If
anyone wants to remotely control the home and also
constantly monitor the power usage of devices, they must
provide a way to interface two different systems from two
different companies [3]. Also the Current systems are not very
adaptable by the end user. This is restraining the users to do
different from what the system is intended to do and also
doesn’t take account of the users daily needs.
Smart Home
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM DESIGN
We propose the design of a security system in home
automation by merging the application of the smart dust
motes. The main purpose is to help handicapped and old aged
people which will enable them to control home appliances and
Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies in Computer Science & Engineering (ICETCSE 2016)
V. R. Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada, India, October 17-18, 2016
18
alert them in critical situation tasks. Smart Dust describes
about microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices that include
robust sensors, computational ability and communication
subsystem. The Machine-to-Machine accessible smart dust is
made of motes, which are tiny sensors capable of spreading
throughout buildings and into the atmosphere to collect and
monitor data [20].All of the motes in the area create a giant,
amorphous network that can collect data. Data funnels through
the network and arrives at a collection node, which has a
powerful radio able to transmit a signal many miles. When
some fault and error occur, the motes that detect it transmit
their location and their sensor readings. Neighboring motes
pick up the transmissions and forward them to their neighbors
and so on, until the signals arrive at the collection node and
are transmitted to the destined node. The node can now
display the data on a screen and see, in real time, the point
where fault is present through the field of motes. Some allow
sensors to move into places where they have not been before
and others reduce the time needed to read sensors individually.
IV. IMPLEMENTATION
Smart Dust motes are run by microcontrollers. These
microcontrollers consist of tiny sensors for recording various
types of data. Timers are used to run these sensors. These
sensors do the job of collecting the data. The data obtained are
stored in its memory for further interpretations. It can also be
sent to the base controlling stations.
CCR that comprises of three mutually perpendicular
mirrors of gold coated poly silicon has the property that any
incident ray of light is reflected back to the source provided
that is incident within a certain range of angles centered about
the cubes body diagonal. The micro fabricated CCR includes
an electrostatic actuator that can deflect one of the mirrors at
kilohertz rate. Hence the external light source can be
transmitted back in the form of modulated signal at kilobits
per second.
Although a passive transmitter can be made more
omni directional by employing several CCR”s oriented in
different directions, at the expense of increased dust mote
size[8].
Uses
Detection of corrosion in aging pipes before they
leak.
Monitoring of humidity, temperature, vibrations,
dust, aeration.
Glue a dust mote on each your fingernails. Accelerometers
will sense the orientation and motion of each of your
fingertips, and talk to the computer in your watch. QWERTY
 Vol. 14 ICETCSE 2016 Special Issue International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS)
ISSN 1947-5500 [https://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/]
is the first step to prove the concept, but you can imagine
much more useful and creative ways to interface to your
computer if it knows where your fingers are: sculpt 3D shapes
in virtual clay, play the piano, gesture in sign language and
have to computer translate. Combined with a MEMS
augmented reality heads-up display, entire computer I/O
would be invisible to the people around you. Couple that with
wireless access and you need never be bored in a meeting
again. Surf the web while the boss rambles on and on.
A. Inventory Control
The carton talks to the box, the box talks to the palette, the
palette talks to the truck and the truck talks to the warehouse,
and the truck and the warehouse talk to the internet. Know
where your products are and what shape they are in anytime,
anywhere. Sort of like FedEx tracking on steroids for all
products in your production stream from raw materials to
deliver goods.
Interfaces for disabled: put motes on a quadriplegic’s face,
to monitor blinking & facial twitches – and send them as
commands to a wheelchair /computer/other device. This could
be generalized to a whole family of interfaces for the disabled.
Your house and office will be aware of your presence and
even orientation in a given room. Lighting, heating and other
comforts will be adjusted accordingly
V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ASPECTS
According to researchers, the smart dust will play a very
beneficial role of monitoring every element of our earth. It is
likely to be the core technology of the future world. The use of
motes in home automation techniques advances the level of
technology in the most consistent way to track widespread
automated syetem. The battery-powered matchbox-sized
Motes can be built to sense numerous factors, from light and
temperature for energy saving applications to location to
dynamic response, ultimately for domotics purpose so that it
can intimate old aged or handicapped people and alert them
for any critical situations.
With the recent development in the field of the network of
structural Motes, it also extends the researchers to use
computer simulations of earthquakes, fires, or other structural
threats to forecast the potential for damage. We must say there
will be disaster risk reduction, expecting the flood of data
from the Smart Dust Motes to greatly increase the accuracy of
finite element analyses, a method of computer modeling where
mathematical equations represent a structure's behavior under
certain conditions. We must say, Smart dust researchers are
helping to monitor the world so that in future it will benefit
people as well as the environment.
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Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies in Computer Science & Engineering (ICETCSE 2016)
V. R. Siddhartha Engineering College, Vijayawada, India, October 17-18, 2016
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