Revision 2.
Indirect Speech is usually introduced by a verb in the past tense: -
Vorbirea directa si vorbirea indirecta in limba engleza vorbirea indirecta
Direct and indirect (reported) speech
Direct speech - vorbirea directa
Vorbirea directa si vorbirea indirecta in engleza Simple Present - Vorbirea directa
"I never eat meat" he explained.
(“Eu niciodată nu mănânc
Sunt 2 moduri in care putem reda ceea ce o persoana a spus: modul direct
carne” explică el).
(vorbirea directa) si modul indirect (vorbirea indirecta).
Present Continuous - Vorbirea
 In direct speech, we repeat the original speaker’s exact words: - vorbirea directa
directa ‘"I’ m waiting for Ann" he said.
He said, "I have lost my umbrella." (El spuse: “Mi-am pierdut umbrela”.) (“O aştept pe Ana” spuse el).
Here what a person says appears within quotation marks (" ... "). Direct speech is Present Perfect - Vorbirea directa
found in conversations in books, in plays and in quotations. ‘"I have found a flat" she said.
(“Am găsit un apartament” spuse
ea).
 In indirect speech, we give the exact meaning of a remark or a speech,
Present Perfect Continuous -
without necessarily using the speaker’s exact words: Vorbirea directa
He said (that) he had lost his umbrella. (El spuse că şi-a pierdut umbrella.) - He said "I’ ve been waiting for
vorbirea indirecta ages".
(El spuse: “Am aşteptat o groază de
timp.”)
Simple Past - Vorbirea directa
There is no comma after say in indirect speech. That can usually be omitted ‘"I took it home with me" she said.
(“L-am luat acasă cu mine” spuse
after say and tell + object. But it should be kept after other verbs: complain,
ea.)
explain, object, point out, protest etc. Indirect speech is normally used when
Future - Vorbirea directa
conversation is reported verbally, although direct speech is sometimes used for a He said, ‘"I shall/will be in Rome on
more dramatic effect. Monday".
(El spuse: “Voi fi în Roma luni.”)
When we turn direct speech into indirect (reported) speech, some changes are Future Continuous - Vorbirea
usually necessary. directa
"I will/shall be using the car on the
1st " she said.
 TENSE CHANGES (“Voi folosi maşina pe data de 1”
spuse ea)
1. Indirect Speech can be introduced by a verb in a present tense:
Conditional - Vorbirea directa
I said, ‘"I would/should like to see
He sais that …. (El a spus că….) - vorbirea indirecta it" .
= reporting a conversation that is still going on (Eu am spus: “Aş vrea să o văd.”)
= reading a letter and reporting what it sais
= reading instructions and reporting them Direct speech - vorbirea directa
= reporting a statement that someone makes very often: Tom sais that he’ ll
never get married.
Indirect speech - vorbirea
indirecta
Simple past - Vorbirea indirecta
= He explained that he never ate
meat.
(El explică faptul că nu mânca
niciodată carne.)
Past Continuous - Vorbirea
indirecta
= He said (that) he was waiting for
Ann.
(Spuse că o aştepta pe Ann).
Past Perfect - Vorbirea indirecta
= She said (that) she had found a flat.
(Ea spuse că îşi găsise un
apartament).
Past Perfect Continuous - Vorbirea
indirecta
= He said (that)he had been waiting
for ages.
(El spuse că aşteptase o groază de
timp).
Past Perfect - Vorbirea indirecta
= She said she had taken it home with
her.
(Ea spuse că îl luase acasă cu ea.)
Conditional - Vorbirea indirecta
= he said he would be in Rome on
Monday.
(El spuse că va fi în Roma luni.)
= Conditional Continuous - Vorbirea
indirecta
She said she’d be using the car on the
1st.
(Ea spuse că va folosi maşina pe data
de 1).
Conditional - Vorbirea indirecta
I said I would/should like to see it.
(Eu am spus că aş vrea să o văd.)
Indirect speech - vorbirea
indirecta
 3. Note on I/we shall/should
I/ we shall normally becomes he/she/they would in indirect speech:
"I shall be 21 tomorrow" said Bill = Bill said he would be 21 the
following day.
(“Voi împlini 21 ani mâine”. Spuse Bill. = Bill spuse că va împlini 21 ani
în ziua următoare.)
But if the sentence is reported by the original speaker, I/we shall can
become either I/we should or I/we would.
 PAST TENSES SOMETIMES REMAIN UNCHANGED
1. In spoken English, past tenses usually remain unchanged.
He said, "Ann arrived on Monday". = He said Ann (had) arrived on
Monday.
(El spuse: “Ann a ajuns luni.” = El spuse că Ann ajunsese (a ajuns) luni.)
He said, "When I saw them they were playing tennis" . = He said that when
he saw them they were playing tennis.
(El spuse: "Când i-am văzut eu, jucau tenis.” = El spuse că atunci când i-a
văzut, jucau tenis.)
2. A past tense used to describe a state of affairs which still exists when
the speech is reported remains unchanged:
She said, "I decided not to buy the house because it was on a main road".
= She said that she had decided not to buy the house because it was on a main
road.
(Ea spuse: “M-am hotărât să nu cumpăr casa pentru că era pe strada
principală.” = Ea spuse că s-a hotărât să nu cumpere casa pentru că era pe
strada principală).
 SUBJUNCTIVES IN INDIRECT SPEECH - vorbirea indirecta
1. Unreal past tenses after wish, would rather/sooner and it is time do
not change:
"It’ s time we began planning our holidays" he said. = He said that it was
time they began planning their holidays.
(“Este timpul să începem să ne planificăm concediul”. Spuse el. = El spuse
că era timpul să înceapă să îşi planifice concediul.)
2. I/he/she/we/they had better remains unchanged.
You had better can remain unchanged or be reported by advise + object +
infinitive.
"You’d better not drink the water" she said = She advised us not to drink
water.
(“Mai bine nu ai bea apă.” Spuse ea. = Ne sugeră să nu bem apă.)
3. Conditional sentences remain unchanged.
"If my children were older, I would emigrate" he said. = He said that if his
children were older, he would emigrate.
(“Dacă ar fi mai mari copiii mei, aş emigra”. Spuse el. = el spuse că dacă
ar fi mai mari copiii lui, ar emigra.)
 MIGHT,
OUGHT TO, SHOULD, WOULD, USED TO IN INDIRECT
STATEMENTS
1. Might remains unchanged except when it is used as a request form:
He said, "Ann might ring today." = He said that Ann might ring that day.
(El spuse: “S-ar putea să sune Ann astăzi.” = El spuse că s-ar putea să sune
Ann în acea zi.)
2. Ought to/should for obligation or assumption remains unchanged:
"They ought to widen this road" I said. = I said that they ought to widen this
road.
(“Ar trebui să lărgească strada.” Spuse el. = El spuse că ar trebui să
lărgească strada.)
3. Would in statements does not change.
"I’d be very grateful if you’d keep me informed" he said. = He asked me to
keep him informed.
(“Aş fi foarte recunoscător dacă m-ai ţine la curent.”Spuse el = El mă rugă
să îl ţin la current.)
4. Used to does not change.
"I know the place well because I used to live here" he explained. = He
explained that he knew the place well because he used to live there.
(“Cunosc bine locul pentru că am stat acolo.” Explică el. = El explică faptul
că ştia locul pentru că a stat acolo.)
 PRONOUN AND ADJECTIVE IN INDIRECT SPEECH
Pronouns and possessive adjectives usually change from first or second to
third person, except when the speaker is reporting his own words:
I said, "I like my new house" = I said that I liked my new house.
(Am spus: “Îmi place casa mea nouă.” = El a spus că îi plăcea casa lui
nouă.)
 This used in time expressions usually becomes that. This, these used as
pronouns can become it, they/them.
He said, "We will discuss them tomorrow". = He said that they will discuss
it (the matter) the next day.
(El a spus: “Vom discuta (problema) mâine.” = El a spus că vor discuta
(problema) yiua următoare.)

 EXPRESSIONS OF TIME AND PLACE IN INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct speech - vorbirea directa Indirect speech - vorbire

Today
Yesterday
The day before yesterday
Tomorrow
The day after tomorrow
Next week/ year etc.
Last week/ year etc.
A year ago
Direct speech - vorbirea directa
indirecta
That day
The day before
Two days before
The next day/ the following day
In two days’ time
The following week/ year etc.
The previous week/ year etc.
A year before/ the previous year
Indirect speech - vorbire
indirecta

 SAY AND TELL

1. Say and tell with direct speech

Say can introduce a statement or follow it, while tell requires the person
addressed. Inversion of say and noun subject is possible, when say follows the
statement, but inversion with tell is not possible.
"I’m leaving at once" Tom said. (“Plec odată.” A spus Tom) -
vorbirea directa
"I’m leaving at once" Tom told me. (“Plec odată.” Mi-a spus Tom) -
vorbirea directa

2. Say and tell with indirect speech

Indirect statements are normally introduced by say, or tell + object.
Say + to + object is also possible, but much less usual than tell + object.